中山大学新理50英语自主学习大厅第四册第一单元E套答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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B)F
Script:
WhentheGrandArmyledbyNapoleonattackedRussia,theRussiansfoughtbitterlyagainstthem.
正确答案:
B
2.
ThebattleatSmolenskwasadecisivevictoryforNapoleon.
3.
TheRussianczarrefusedNapoleon’struceofferbecauseheknewthatthesevereRussianwinterwoulddefeatNapoleon’sarmy.
A
4.
NapoleonorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscowonlybecausetheweathertherewastoocold.
5.
HitlerexpectedtoconquertheSovietUnioninfiveweeks.
6.
Inanswertothecallofthe“scorchtheearth”byStalin,theRussiansburnedordestroyedtheirfarmsandfactories.
7.
ThepurposeoftheNormandyLandingswasonlytofreeFrenchpeoplefromtheoccupationofGermanarmy.
8.
Althoughtheweatherof5Junewasbad,GeneralEisenhowergavetheorderoftheinvasionofNormandy.
9.
Atthebeginningoftheassault,theGermanarmyweretakencompletelybysurpriseonlybecauseofthebadweather.
10.
TheAlliedforcesledbyGeneralEisenhowersucceededintheNormandyLandingsafterovercomingmanydifficultiescausedbybadweather.
SectionB
Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
TheWinterWarwasamilitaryconflictbetweentheSovietUnionandFinland.ItbeganwithaSoviet(11)_________________on30November1939andendedon13March1940withtheMoscowPeace(12)_________________.TheLeagueofNationsdeemedtheattack(13)_________________andexpelledtheSovietUnionfromtheLeagueon14December1939.
TheSovietforceshadthreetimesasmanysoldiersastheFinns,30timesasmanyaircraft,andahundredtimesasmanytanks.TheRedArmy,however,hadbeen(14)_________________bySovietleaderJosephStalin’sGreatPurgeof1937,reducingthearmy’s(15)_________________andefficiencyshortlybeforetheoutbreakofthefighting.Withmorethan30,000ofitsarmyofficers(16)_________________orimprisoned,includingmostofthoseofthehighestranks,theRedArmyin1939hadmany(17)_________________seniorofficers.Becauseofthesefactors,and(18)_________________andmoraleintheFinnishforces,FinlandwasabletoresisttheSovietinvasionforfarlongerthantheSovietsexpected.
HostilitiesceasedinMarch1940withthesigningoftheMoscowPeaceTreaty.Finlandceded11%ofitspre-warterritoryand30%ofitseconomicassetstotheSovietUnion.Sovietlossesonthefrontwereheavy,andthecountry’s(19)_________________.TheSovietforcesdidnotaccomplishtheirobjectiveofthetotalconquestofFinland,butdid(20)_________________alongLakeLadogatoprovideabufferforLeningrad.TheFinns,however,retainedtheirsovereigntyandenhancedtheirinternationalreputation.
TheWinterWarwasamilitaryconflictbetweentheSovietUnionandFinland.ItbeganwithaSovietoffensiveon30November1939andendedon13March1940withtheMoscowPeaceTreaty.TheLeagueofNationsdeemedtheattackillegalandexpelledtheSovietUnionfromtheLeagueon14December1939.
TheSovietforceshadthreetimesasmanysoldiersastheFinns,30timesasmanyaircraft,andahundredtimesasmanytanks.TheRedArmy,however,hadbeencrippledbySovietleaderJosephStalin’sGreatPurgeof1937,reducingthearmy’smoraleandefficiencyshortlybeforetheoutbreakofthefighting.Withmorethan30,000ofitsarmyofficersexecutedorimprisoned,includingmostofthoseofthehighestranks,theRedArmyin1939hadmanyinexperiencedseniorofficers.Becauseofthesefactors,andhighcommitmentandmoraleintheFinnishforces,FinlandwasabletoresisttheSovietinvasionforfarlongerthantheSovietsexpected.
HostilitiesceasedinMarch1940withthesigningoftheMoscowPeaceTreaty.Finlandceded11%ofitspre-warterritoryand30%ofitseconomicassetstotheSovietUnion.Sovietlossesonthefrontwereheavy,andthecountry’sinternationalreputationsuffered.TheSovietforcesdidnotaccomplishtheirobjectiveofthetotalconquestofFinland,butdidgainsufficientterritoryalongLakeLadogatoprovideabufferforLeningrad.TheFinns,however,retainedtheirsovereigntyandenhancedtheirinternationalreputation.
offensive
Treaty
illegal
crippled
morale
executed
inexperienced
highcommitment
internationalreputationsuffered
gainsufficientterritory
PartIIReadingComprehension(25minutes)
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed,clothe,andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter.InOctober1812,heorderedhisGrandArmyto21fromMoscow.
TheFrenchretreatturnedintoa22.Fromfieldsandforests,theRussianslaunched23attacksontheFrench.AshortdistancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalreadydroppedtominus4degreesCelsius.OnNovember3,thewinter’sfirstsnowcame.24horsesfelldeadintheirtracks.Cannonbecame25inthesnow.Equipmenthadtobeburnedforfuel.Soldierstookillandfrozetodeath.TheFrenchsoldiers26,leavingthedeadalongeverymile.
AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaindefeat.AttheBerezinaRiver,theRussiansnearly27theretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.ButNapoleon,bya28ofluck,wasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThousandsofFrenchsoldiersescaped,but29offiftythousanddead.OnceacrosstheBerezina,thetatteredsurvivors30towardVilna.
A)equipmentB)ExhaustedC)TiringD)draggedon
E)retreatF)hit-and-runG)nightmareH)trapped
I)fleeJ)atthecostK)strengthL)limped
M)strokeN)stuckO)escaped
21.______________________
E
22.______________________
G
23.______________________
F
24.______________________
25.______________________
N
26.______________________
D
27.______________________
H
28.______________________
M
29.______________________
J
30.______________________
L
Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Weareallinclinedtobelievethatourgenerationismorecivilizedthanthegenerationthatprecededours.Fromtimetotime,thereisevensomesubstantialevidencethatweholdinhigherregardsuchcivilizedattributesascompassion,pity,remorse(懊悔),intelligenceandarespectforthecustomsofpeopledifferentfromourselves.
Whywarthen?
Somepessimistichistoriansthinkthewholesocietyofmanrunsincyclesandthatoneofthephasesiswar.Theoptimists,ontheotherhand,thinkwarisnotlikeaneclipse(日食)orafloodoraspellofbadweather.Theybelievethatitismorelikeadiseaseforwhichacurecouldbefoundifthecauseswereknown.
Becausewaristheultimatedramaoflifeanddeathstoriesandpicturesofitaremoreinterestingthanthoseaboutpeace.Thisissotruethatallofus,andperhapsthoseofusintelevisionmorethanmost,areoftencaughtupintheactionofwartotheexclusionoftheideasofit.
Ifitistrue,aswewouldliketothinkitis,thatourageismorecivilizedthanagespast,wemustallagreethatit’sverystrangethatinthetwentiethcentury,ourcentury,wehavekilledmorethan70millionofourfellowmenonpurpose,atwar.Itisverystrangethatsince1900moremenhavekilledmoreothermenthaninanyotherseventyyearsinhistory.
Probablythereasonweareabletodoboth,thatis,believeontheonehandthatwearemorecivilizedandontheotherhandwagewartokill―isthatkillingisnotsopersonalanaffairasitoncewas.Theenemyisinvisible.Onemandoesn’tlookanotherintheeyeandrunhimthroughwithasword.Theenemydeadoraliveislargelyunseen.Heiskilledbyremotecontrol:
aloudnoise,adistantpuffofsmokeandthensilence.
Thepicturesofthevictim’swifeandchildren,whichhecarriesinhisbreastpocket,aredestroyedwithhim.Heisnotheardtocryout.Thequestionofcompassionorpityorremorsedoesnotenterintoit.Theenemyisnotaman;
heisastatistic.Itistrue,too,thatmorepeoplearebeingkilledatwarnowthanpreviouslybecausewe’rebetteratdoingitthanweusedtobe.