版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课后达标检测新人教版必修5.docx

版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课后达标检测新人教版必修5.docx

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版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课后达标检测新人教版必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

（建议用时：

40分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2020·哈尔滨一模）ChloeKimwasoneofAmerica’stopOlympiansinthe2018PyeongchangWinterOlympicsinSouthKorea.Thesnowboardingchampion,whogrewupinCalifornia,competedthereat17yearsofage.ShebecametheyoungestwomanevertowinanOlympicgoldmedalinthehalfpipecompetition.

ShehasrecentlywonahalfpipecompetitionduringtheWinterXGamesinAspen,Colorado.Butthe18yearoldsnowboarderhasdecidedtotradesometripsdownthehalfpipeforanIvyLeagueeducationaftertheworldchampionshipcompetitioninUtah.Beginninginthenextfall,KimwillbejoiningPrincetonUniversity’sclass.Insteadofcenteringonthephysicsofherwinningsnowboardmoves,shecouldnowbelearningthesubjectinschool.Inarecentinterview,Kimsaid,“WhileIhaveaspecialidentityandmylifehasalwaysbeensodifferent,Istillaimtomakemyhighereducationexperienceasnormalaspossible.”Kimadded,“I’dlovetobeChloe,thegirlwhositsnexttomeintheEnglishclass.”

KimreceivedwidespreadattentionduringthePyeongchangWinterOlympics.Herpublicitywasfueledbyherfriendly,energeticnatureaswellasherinterestingfamilystory.AlongherpathtoOlympicgold,Kimalsobecameasocialmediastar.ShehelpeddesignasnowboardingBarbiedollinherlikeness,rappedwithhiphopartistGEazyandjoinedothersportsstarstobehonoredwithESPYAwards（年度卓越体育表现奖）.Whileallofthesearefun,Kimsaysshenowlooksforwardtoanewchallenge—earningadegreefromoneofAmerica’stopuniversities.ShesayssheconsidersheracceptancetoPrincetonjustasmuchofanhonorasearninganOlympicgoldmedal.

SheisstillconsideringwhatherexactfieldofstudywillbeatPrinceton.Butshesaysitwillinvolvesomethingsciencerelated,possiblychemistryorbiology.Sheisattemptingtoworkoutaplanthatwillpermithertokeeptrainingwhilegoingtoclasses.Kimsayshersportsandeducationalgoalsgohandinhand.“It’sallaboutprogressingthesportsandalsopushingmyself，”shesaid.“ToseewhatIcando,andhowfarIcango.”

【解题导语】　本文介绍了美国的冬奥会冠军克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。

1．Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?

A．Kim’spersonalityandfamilybackgroundhelpraiseherpublicity.

B．KimmajorsinphysicsinPrincetonUniversitytoimprovehersnowboardmoves.

C．KimthinksbeingadmittedtoPrincetonearnshermorehonorsthanbeingasportsstar.

D．KimdecidestogiveuptheworldchampionshipcompetitioninUtah.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Herpublicitywasfueledbyherfriendly,energeticnatureaswellasherinterestingfamilystory.”可知，克洛伊·金的友好、充满活力的性格以及她有趣的家庭故事为她赢得了大家的关注。

故选A项。

2．WhatdoesKimmeanbysaying“I’dlovetobeChloe,thegirlwhositsnexttomeintheEnglishclass.”？

A．Shetriestohideheridentityasasnowboardingchampion.

B．Shedesirestoliveanormallifeinherstudyexperience.

C．Shedeterminestoforgetallaboutherearliersportslife.

D．ShehopesthegirlsittingbyherisnamedChloeasher.

B　解析：

句意猜测题。

根据第二段中的“WhileIhaveaspecialidentityandmylifehasalwaysbeensodifferent,Istillaimtomakemyhighereducationexperienceasnormalaspossible.”可知，在克洛伊·金看来，虽然她的身份和人生与众不同，但是她仍然希望自己能像普通人一样接受高等教育。

也就是说，她希望自己成为像旁边坐的女孩一样的普通学生。

故选B项。

3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．SnowboardingChampionRegainsPopularitywithSportsLovers　

B．SnowboardingChampionChallengesOtherFieldsSuccessfully

C．SnowboardingChampionSetsSightsonEducation

D．SnowboardingChampionCooperateswithPrincetonUniversity

C　解析：

标题归纳题。

文章第一段介绍了克洛伊·金是奥运冠军以及她的成功经历；第二段中的“Butthe18yearoldsnowboarderhasdecidedtotradesometripsdownthehalfpipeforanIvyLeagueeducation...”指出她想将自己的比赛之旅换成在常青藤大学受教育的机会。

因此，本文讲述了克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。

故选C项。

4．Fromwhichisthepassageprobablytaken?

A．Astudybrochure.

B．Ashortstorycollection.

C．Anewspaper.

D．Anautobiography.

C　解析：

文章出处题。

根据文章第一段的语言表达方式，以及后文对克洛伊·金的话的引用可知，这是一篇新闻报道。

故选C项。

B

（2020·成都诊断）Japanrecentlylowereditsvotingagefrom20to18.Thisdecisionwasinparttohelpyoungpeoplefeelmoreengagedinpolitics.Butitmayalsosignalthechangeofsocialviewsregardingthebeginningofadulthood.

Adulthoodhastraditionallybeendefinedbyacombinationofageandtheachievementofsocialmilestones（里程碑）．Mostcountrieshavealegallydefinedagetodeterminewhenapersonbecomesanadult—theageofmajority.InAustralia,moststatesconsiderapersontobeanadultincourtat18.Theageof18isalsoconsistentwithotheradultprivileges,suchastherighttopurchasealcoholandtomarry.However,17yearoldscanserveinthearmyandgetadriver’slicence.Thelawdefinesadulthoodonthebasisofageanditalsorecognizestheprocessofbecominganadultasinvolvinghimselfgraduallyinsocialresponsibility.Thislegalapproachtoadulthoodismirroredinothercountries,wheretherearedifferencesbetweentheageofmajorityandsocialresponsibilitygiventoyoungpeople.

Socially,determinantsofadulthoodtraditionallyfocusonapersontakingincreasingresponsibilityfortheirlivesinvariousways.Completingschool，takingfulltimeemployment,gettingmarriedandparenthood—theseareallobservableindicatorstodeterminewhenapersonisviewedasanadult.

Sincethe1980s,however,peoplehaveachievedsomeoftheseobservablemilestonesatlaterages.Increasedaccesstoeducationhasdelayedyoungpeopleleavinghomeanddevelopingromanticrelationships.Economicchangeshavealsoresultedinunstableemploymentmarketsandincreasesincostsofliving,promptingmanyyoungpeopletoremainathomeanddependentonparents.

Duetothesesocialchanges,ourexpectationsofyoungpeopleandtheirlevelofsocialresponsibilityhavealsochanged.Therecognitionofanewlifestage—emerging（发展初期的）adulthood—hasbeenrecommendedtoaccountforthechangestosocialmilestonesthathavetraditionallyrepresentedadulthood.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了由于教育机会的增加、经济上的变化等社会变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间推迟了。

5．Whatcanwelearnaboutadulthoodfromthetext?

A．Peoplereachobservableindicatorsmuchlater.

B．Agealoneisareliabledeterminantofadulthood.

C．Participationinpoliticsisaresponsibilityforadulthood.

D．Economicchangesmainlyshiftpeople’sviewsonadulthood.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第一段前两句“Japanrecentlylowereditsvotingagefrom20to18.Thisdecisionwasinparttohelpyoungpeoplefeelmoreengagedinpolitics.”可知，日本最近将投票年龄从20岁降至18岁，这一决定在某种程度上是为了帮助年轻人更好地参与政治；又根据本段第三句中的“itmayalsosignalthechangeofsocialviewsregardingthebeginningofadulthood”可推知，参与政治是成年人的责任，故C项正确。

6．Whatrightcanpeopleenjoyattheageof17inmoststatesofAustralia?

A．Voting.　　　　　　　　B．Buyingwines.

C．Gettingmarried.D．Drivinglegally.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段的内容，尤其是第五句“However,17yearoldscanserveinthearmyandgetadriver’slicence.”可知，在澳大利亚的大部分州，人们在17岁时可以服兵役和获得驾照，故D项正确。

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompting”inparagraph4probablymean?

A．Encouraging.B．Advising.

C．Forbidding.D．Persuading.

A　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据第四段尾句“Economicchangeshavealsoresultedinunstableemploymentmarketsandincreasesincostsofliving,promptingmanyyoungpeopletoremainathomeanddependentonparents.”可知，经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母；据此可推知，A项“促进，助长”与画线词意思相近，故A项正确。

8．What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A．Emergingadulthoodreflectsanewlifestage.

B．Adulthoodisdefineddifferentlyindifferentplaces.

C．Socialchangesarechallengingtheideaofadulthood.

D．Adulthoodisacombinationofrightsandresponsibilities.

C　解析：

主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章尾段第一句“Duetothesesocialchanges,ourexpectationsofyoungpeopleandtheirlevelofsocialresponsibilityhavealsochanged.”为全文的主题句；又结合全文内容可知，本文主要论述了由于社会的变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间发生了变化，而人们关于“成年”这一概念的看法也发生了变化，故C项正确。

【难句分析】　Economicchangeshavealsoresultedinunstableemploymentmarketsandincreasesincostsofliving,promptingmanyyoungpeopletoremainathomeanddependentonparents.

分析：

该句是一个简单句，句中的“promptingmanyyoungpeopletoremainathomeanddependentonparents”为现在分词短语作结果状语；resultin意为“导致，造成”。

译文：

经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母。

Ⅱ.完形填空

（2020·武汉4月调研）ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan（小型货车）__1__toystothehomeless.Whenwe__2__thespot,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI__3__thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo__4__，bothaboutmyageatthetime,andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysatthere__5__．

AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas__6__interestedinthelittlegirl.How__7__ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,__8__throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iontheotherhandwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout__9__.Ihadagoodeducationandthusa__10__future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly__11__shehadwasthewornoutdressthatshewaswearing.

SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisionto__12__adollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa__13__，Isteppedout,calledthegirloverand__14__thedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith__15__andwasn’tcertainwhattodo,butthenshesmiledandIsaw__16__inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto__17__off,andthat’swhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning__18__.Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad__19__withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwo__20__words—ThankYou.

【解题导语】　“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具：

“我”远远地发现了一个小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生，于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；“我们”发现那位女孩在追我们，“我们”停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。

1．A.showingB．recommending

C．distributingD．selling

C　解析：

根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我们”在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。

故选C。

A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。

2．A.leftB．changed

C．