高考阅读理解词义句义猜测题应试技巧Word下载.docx
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3.Whatisthemeaningof“…”asthewordsareusedinthetext?
4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…（paragraph…）?
二、应试技巧
（一）词义猜测题
1、同义法：
通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and，or,thatistosay,i.e.,inotherwords等,这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。
例①（NMET2003,C篇，65）
Fermat’sLastTheorem（定理）.FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.
65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?
A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.
B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.
C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.
D.Tolimitpeople’simagination
2.反义法：
利用反义词说明生词的意义。
如反义词hotandcold,giveandreceive,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间、在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
例②（NMET2002,E篇，74）
Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;
itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.
74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?
A.apartydesignedbyspecialists
B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought.
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble
D.ademandmadebyguests
3.释义法：
在文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号（有时也可用冒号，分号）等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
有的文章还通过下定义的方法来解释说明某个生词或短语的意义。
下定义除了使用means,iscalled之外，常见的词语还有i.e.,is,refersto,isknownas,isconsideredtobe…等。
例③（NMET2001,D篇，68）
In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury,Frenchbecametheofficiallanguage,EnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction（区别）betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.
68.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsare,byinference,rootedinFrench?
A.president,lawyer,beefB.president,bread,water
C.bread,field,waterD.folk,field,cow
例④（2001全国卷A篇）
Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices—deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.
56.Thewords“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto______.
A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirms
C.carsforrentD.carmakers
例⑤（2002上海卷D篇）
Twentypercentofallerrorswere“testfailures”—primarilyduetonotverifyingtheprogressofwhatthebodywasdoing.
57.Theword“verifying”inparagraph3canbereplacedby______.
A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping
例⑥（2004浙江卷B篇）
Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.
Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheimpact（影响）ofthebuildingontheland”,TarynHolowkaoftheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilinWashington,D.C.said.
61.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedwords“thebuilding”mostprobablyreferto______.
A.anordinarybuildingB.anenergy-savingbuilding
C.agreen–coloredbuildingD.abuildinginWashington.D.C.
例⑦（2003北京卷B篇）
Thenewplanetmovesaroundastarmuchlikeoutsun,however,Scientistsdiscoveredtheplanetbyusinganewplanet-searchingmethod,called“transittechnique”.
59.The“transittechnique”can______.
A.helpdimthelightofastar.B.helpscientistswithasearchlight
C.helpdiscoverabeeonaplanetD.helpfindaplanetmovingbeforeitsstar.
例⑧（2004湖北卷B篇）
ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（症状）。
Instudies,ARICEPThasbeenprovedtoworkforAlzheimer’s.Ithashelpedpeopleimprovetheirmemoryovertime.
61.WhatisARICEPT?
A.amedicinetocureAlzheimer’s.
B.amedicinetodelaysignsofaging.
C.amedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer’s
D.amedicinetocurebraindamage.
4.情景推断法：
猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。
例⑨（NNET2002,B篇，62）
“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.
62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?
A.growinginterestinorganicfood
B.betterqualityoforganicfood
C.risingmarketfororganicfood
D.higherpricesoforganicfood
例⑩（2004北京卷D篇）
Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Weknowthatifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.
69.Inparagraph3,“objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______.
A.stillexistsB.keepsitsshape
C.stillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach
例（11）（2004辽宁卷A篇）
Parentswhoknowwhat’sgoingonintheirteenagers’livesareinthebestpositiontohelpthem.Tobreakdownthewallofsilence,parentsshouldcreatechancestounderstandwhattheirchildrenwanttosay,andtrytofindwaystotalkandwritetothem.
58.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“thewallofsilence”inthelastparagraph?
A.Teenagerstalkalotwiththeirfriends.
B.Teenagersdonotwanttounderstandtheirparents.
C.Teenagersdonottalkmuchwiththeirparents.
D.Teenagerstalklittleabouttheirownlives
例（12）（2004全国卷IID篇）
By9:
45,everybodywashavinggreatfun,butnofoodhadappeared.JaneandDavidwererestless.Otherguestsbeganwhisperingthatthey,too,werestarving…By11:
00,therewasstillnofood,andeveryonewascompletelyofftheirheads.JaneandDavidlefthungryandangry.
68.Theunderlinedwords“offtheirheads”probablymean______.
A.tiredB.crazyC.curiousD.hopeless
例（13）（2002上海卷D篇）
Thecommonestproblemwasinformation“storagefailures”.Peopleforgotthenamesofpeoplewhosefacetheyknew,wentintoaroomandforgotwhytheywerethere,mislaidsomething,orsmokedacigarettewithoutrealizingit.
85.Accordingtothepassage,theinformation“storagefailures”refersto______.
A.thedestructionofinformationcollectingsystem.
B.Theeliminationofone’stotalmemory.
C.Thetemporarylossofpartofone’smemory.
D.Theseparationofone’sactionfromconsciousness
例（14）（2003北京春季卷B篇）
Theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.Manyareturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshiftingisoneofthem..
64.Theunderlinedword“downshifting”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.
A.repairingyourcarbyyourselfB.spendingmoneycarefully
B.movingouttothecountrysidetoliveasimplerandbetterlife
C.livinginabighouseinthesuburbsanddiningoutonceaweek.
例（15）（2004北京卷C篇）
“…AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens（警笛）going.IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFire-birdandsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”
63.Themeaningof“panicked”inparagraph2isrelatedto______.
A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear.
例（16）（2004辽宁卷B篇）
TakeV8forexample.Formanyyears,thebrightredcoloroftomatoesandcarrotsonthethinbottlemakesfeelthatitisverygoodforyourbody.Andtheword“green”todaycankeepfoodpricesgoingup.
63.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatV8isakindof______.
A.vegetabledishB.healthyjuiceC.iceddrinkD.redvegetable
5.代词替代法：
一般来讲，文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it,that还可指一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；
有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找到代词所指代的事物。
例（17）（NMET2001,C篇，66）
Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.
66.Theunderlinedword“it”inthefourthparagraphrefersto______.
A.asellingpointB.thecompanyname
C.agreendemandforhealthfoodsD.themanufacturingofgreenproducts
（二）句义推测
1．同义法：
例（18）（NMET2001,B篇，60）
Holidaymakerswhoareboredwithbakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomheadforabigigloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBergqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld’sfirstigloohotel.BuiltinasmalltowninLapland,ithasbeenattractinglotsofvisitors,butsoonthefunwillbeover.
Intwoweeks’timeBergqvist’sicecreation（作品）willbenothingm
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