外文翻译- 液压系统概述.docx

外文翻译- 液压系统概述.docx

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外文资料与中文翻译

外文资料：

HydraulicSystem

Hydraulicpresserdriveandairpressuredrivehydraulicfluidasthetransmissionismadeaccordingtothe17thcentury,Pascal'sprincipleofhydrostaticpressuretodrivethedevelopmentofanemergingtechnology,theUnitedKingdomin1795•BramanJoseph（JosephBraman,1749-1814）,inLondonwaterasamediumtoformhydraulicpressusedinindustry,thebirthoftheworld'sfirsthydraulicpress.Mediaworkin1905willbereplacedbyoil-waterandfurtherimproved.

After the WorldWarI（1914-1918） ,because ofthe extensiveapplicationofhydraulictransmission,espec-iallyafter1920,morerapiddevelopment.Hydrauliccomponentsinthelate19thcenturyabouttheearly20thcentury,20years,onlystartedtoentertheformal phaseofindustrialproduction.1925Vickers（F.Vikers）theinventionofthepressurebalancedvanepump,hydrauliccomponentsforthemodernindustrialorhydraulictransmissionofthegradualestablishmentofthefoundation.Theearly20thcenturyG•Constantimscofluct-uationsoftheenergycarriedoutbypassingtheoreticalandpracticalresearch;in1910onthehydraulictrans-mission（hydrauliccoupling,hydraulictorqueconverter,etc.）contributions,sothatthesetwoareasofdevelo- pment.

TheSecondWorldWar（1941-1945）period,intheUnitedStates30%

ofmachinetoolapplicationsinthehydraulictransmission.ItshouldbenotedthatthedevelopmentofhydraulictransmissioninJapanthanEurope

andtheUnitedStatesandothercountriesfornearly20yearslater.Beforeandafterin1955,therapiddevelopmentofJapan'shydraulicdrive,setup

in1956,"HydraulicIndustry."Nearly20to30years,thedevelopmentofJapan'sfasthydraulictransmission,aworldleader.

HydraulictransmissionTherearemanyoutstandingadvantages,itiswidelyused, suchasgeneralindustr-ialuseofplasticsprocessingmachinery,thepressureofmachinery,machinetools, etc.; operatingmachinery engineeringmachinery,construction machinery,agriculturalmachinery, automobiles, etc.; ironandsteel indu- strymetallurgicalmachinery,liftingequipment,suchasrolleradjustmentdevice;civilwaterprojectswithflo-odcontrolanddamgatedevices,bedliftsinstallations,bridgesandothermanipulationofinstitutions;speedturbinepowerplantinstallations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavymachinery（winch）,thebowdoors,bulkheadvalve,sternthruster,etc.;specialantennatechnologygiantwithcontroldevices,measu-rementbuoys,movementssuchasrotatingstage;military-industrial controldevicesusedinartillery,shipanti-rollingdevices,aircraftsimulation,aircraftretractablelandinggearandruddercontroldevicesandotherdevi-ces.

Acompletehydraulicsystemconsistsoffiveparts,namely,powercomponents,theimplementationofco-mponents,controlcomponents,auxiliarycomponentsandhydraulicoil.

Theroleofdynamiccomponentsoftheoriginalmotivefluidintomechanicalenergytothepressurethatthehydraulicsystemofpumps,itis

topowertheentirehydraulicsystem.Thestructureoftheformofhydra-ulicpumpgearsaregenerallypump,vanepumpandpistonpump.

Implementationofcomponents（suchashydrauliccylindersandhydraulicmotors）whichisthepressureoftheliquidcanbeconvertedtomechanicalenergytodrivetheloadforastraightlinereciprocatingmovementorrotationalmovement.

Controlcomponents（thatis,thevarioushydraulicvalves）inthehydraulicsystemtocontrolandregulatethepressureofliquid,flowrateanddirection.Accordingtothedifferentcontrolfunctions,hydraulicpressurecontrolvalvecanbedividedintovalves,flowcontrolvalvesanddirectionalcontrolvalve.Pressure controlvalvesaredividedintobenefitsflowvalve（safetyvalve）,pressurereliefvalve,sequencevalve,pressurerelays,etc.;flowcontrolvalvesincludingthrottle,adjustingthevalves,flowdiversionvalvesets,etc.;directionalcontrolvalveincludesaone-wayvalve,one-wayfluidcontrolvalve,shuttlevalve,valveandsoon.Underthecontrolofdifferentways,canbedividedintothehydraulicvalvecontrolswitchvalve,controlvalveandsetthevalueoftheratiocontrolvalve.

Auxiliarycomponents,includingfueltanks,oilfilters,tubingandpipejoints,seals,pressuregauge,oillevel,suchasoildollars.

Hydraulicoilinthehydraulicsystemistheworkoftheenergytransfermedium,thereareavarietyofmineraloil,emulsionoilhydraulicmoldingHopcategories.

Theroleofthehydraulicsystemistohelphumanitywork.Mainlybytheimplementationofcomponentstorotateorpressureintoareciprocatingmotion.

Hydraulicsystemandhydraulicpowercontrolsignaliscomposedoftwoparts,thesignalcontrol ofsomepartsofthehydraulicpowerusedtodrivethecontrolvalvemovement.Partofthehydraulicpowermeansthat

the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of theinterrelationshipbetweencomponents.Containingthesourceofhydraulicpump,hydraulicmotorandauxiliarycomponents;hydrauliccontrolpartcontainsavarietyofcontrolvalves,usedtocontroltheflowofoil,pressureanddirection; operativeorhydrauliccylinderwithhydraulicmotors,accordingtotheactualrequirementsoftheirchoice.

Intheanalysisanddesignoftheactualtask,thegeneralblockdiagramshowstheactualoperationofequi-pment.Hollowarrowindicatesthesignalflow,whilethesolidarrowsthatenergyflow.

Basichydrauliccircuitoftheactionsequence-Controlcomponents（twofour-wayvalve）andthespringtoresetfortheimplementationofcomponents（double-actinghydrauliccylinder）,aswellastheextendingandretractingthereliefvalveopenedandclosed.Fortheimplementationofcomponents andcontrolcomponents, presentations arebasedonthecorrespondingcircuitdiagramsymbols,italsointroducedreadymadecircuitdiagramsymbols.

Workingprincipleofthesystem,youcanturnonallcircuitstocode.Ifthe first implementation of components numbered 0, the controlcomponentsassociatedwiththeidentifieris1.Outwiththeimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheevencomponents,thenretractingandimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheoddcomponents.Hydrauliccircuitcarriedoutnotonlytodealwithnumbers,butalsotodealwiththeactualdeviceID,inordertodetectsystemfailures.

DINISO1219-2standarddefinitionofthenumberofcomponentcomposition,whichincludesthefollowingfourparts:

deviceID,circuitID,componentIDandcomponentID.Theentiresystemifonlyonedevice,devicenumbermaybeomitted.

Practice,anotherwayistocodeallofthehydraulicsystemcomponentsfornumbersatthistime,componentsandcomponentcodeshouldbeconsistentwiththelistofnumbers.Thismethodisparticularlyapplicabletocomplexhydrauliccontrolsystem,eachcontrollooparethecorrespondingnumberwiththesystem

Withmechanicaltransmission,electricaltransmissioncomparedtothehydraulicdrivehasthefollowingadvantages:

1,avarietyofhydrauliccomponents,caneasilyandflexiblytolayout.2,lightweight,smallsize,smallinertia,fastresponse.

3,tofacilitatemanipulationofcontrol,enablingawiderangeofsteplessspeedregulation（speedrangeof2000:

1）.

4,toachieveoverloadprotectionautomatically.

5,thegeneraluseofmineraloilasaworkingmedium,therelativemotioncanbeself-lubricatingsurface,longservicelife;

6,itiseasytoachievelinearmotion/

7,itiseasytoachievetheautomationofmachines,whenthejointcontroloftheuseofelectro-hydraulic,notonlycanachieveahigherdegreeofprocessautomation,andremotecontrolcanbeachieved.

Theshortcomingsofthehydraulicsystem:

1,asaresultoftheresistancetofluidflowandleakageofthelarger,solessefficient.Ifnothandledproperly,leakageisnotonlycontaminatedsites,butalsomaycausefireandexplosion.

2,vulnerableperformanceasaresultoftheimpactoftemperaturechange,itwouldbeinappropriateinthehighorlowtemperatureconditions.

3,themanufactureofprecisionhydrauliccomponentsrequireahigher,moreexpensiveandhencetheprice.

4,duetotheleakageofliquidmediumandthecompressibilityandcannotbestrictlythetransmissionratio.

5,hydraulictransmissionisnoteasytofindoutthereasonsforfailure;theuseandmaintenancerequirementsforahigherleveloftechnology.

Inthehydraulicsystemanditssystem,thesealingdevicetopreventleakageoftheworkofmediawithinandoutsidethedustandtheintrusion

offoreignbodies.Sealsplayedtheroleofcomponents,namelyseals.Mediumwillresultinleakageofwaste,pollutionandenvironmentalmachineryandevengiverisetomalfunctioningmachineryandequipmentforpersonalaccident.Leakagewithinthehydraulicsystemwillcausea

sharpdropinvolumetricefficiency,amountingtolessthantherequiredpressure,cannotevenwork.Micro-invasivesystemofdustparticles,cancauseorexacerbatefrictionhydrauliccomponentwear,andfurtherleadtoleakage.

Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulicequipmentcomponents.Thereliabilityofitsworkandlife,isameasureofthehydraulicsystemanimportantindicatorofgoodorbad.Inadditionto

theclosedspace,aretheuseofseals,sothattwoadjacentcouplingsurfaceofthegapbetweentheneedtocontroltheliquidcanbesealedfollowingthesmallestgap.Inthecontactseal,pressedintoself-seal-styleandself-styledself-tightseal（ie,sealedlips）two.

Thethreehydraulicsystemdiseases

1,asaresultofheattransmissionmedium（hydrauli