上海高三英语下开学摸底测试Word格式.docx

上海高三英语下开学摸底测试Word格式.docx

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useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Brainimplantletsmanwithparalysismoveandfeelwithhishand

Abrainimplanthasrestoredmovementandasenseoftouchinthehandofamanwithaseverespinalcordinjury.

PatrickGanzeratBattelleMemorialInstituteintheUSandhiscolleagueshavedevelopeda 

brain-computerinterface 

（BCI）that（21）______（allow）28-year-oldIanBurkharttograspandfeelobjectsagain.

Burkharthasasevereupperspinalcordinjuryandhas 

completeparalysis 

inhishandsandlegs,（22）______canmovehiselbowsandshoulders.Hehadabrainimplantinsertedin2014aspartofresearchaimingtorestoremovementin（23）______rightarm.

TheBCIusestheimplant（24）______（record）brainactivitythatissenttoaprocessorthatdecodesthesesignalsintomovements,whichinturnfeedintobandsaroundtheforearmwhichelectricallyactivatehishandmuscles.

“We’vemadealotofprogressinthelastsixyears:

hecanplay[thevideogame] 

GuitarHero,swipeacreditcardanddoabout20differenthandgrips,”saysGanzer.

ButbecauseBurkharthadnosensationinhishands,hepreviouslyhadnosenseoftouchorpressurewhen（25）______（grasp）objects,andifblindfolded,wasnotabletodetectsmallobjectssuchasapencil.

Theresearchersdiscoveredthat（26）______Burkhart’shandcannotfeelanything,thebrainimplantstillsregistersa 

faintsensorysignalwhenhetouchesanobject.

TheyboostedthissignalbyincorporatingabandaroundthebicepwhichvibrateswhenBurkhart’shandreceivessensoryinformation.

Asaresult,Burkhartisabletodetectobjectsbytouchalone.TheBCIisalsoabletodetectdifferentlevelsoftouchandadjustthestrengthofBurkhart’shandmovementsdependingontheobject–alightgrasp,forexample,forapapercup.

TheresearchersbelieveitisthefirstBCI（27）______cansimultaneouslyrestoremovementandtouch.

Whenthebrainimplantwasinserted,it（28）______（intend）solelyforcontrollingmovement,butthe（29）______（add）touchispossiblebecausethereissomeoverlap（30）______thesensoryandmotorareasinBurkhart’sbrain,saysGanzer.

SectionB

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.consistedB.composingC.measuresD.accountE.patternsF.limitations

G.moderatelyH.progressedI.distributionJ.significantlyK.complement

AIcandistinguishbetweenbotsandhumansbasedonTwitteractivity

ArtificialintelligenceisbeingusedtospotthedifferencebetweenhumanusersandfakeaccountsonTwitter.

EmilioFerraraattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaintheUS,andhiscolleagueshavetrainedanAItodetect 

botsonTwitter 

basedondifferencesin（31）______ofactivitybetweenrealandfakeaccounts.

TheteamanalysedtwoseparatedatasetsofTwitterusers,whichhadbeenclassifiedeithermanuallyorbyapre-existingalgorithmaseitherbotorhuman.

Themanuallyverifieddataset（32）______of8.4milliontweetsfrom3500humanaccounts,and3.4milliontweetsfrom5000bots.

Theresearchersfoundthathumanusersrepliedfourtofivetimesmoreoftentoothertweetsthanbotsdid.Realusersgraduallybecomemoreinteractive,withthefractionofrepliesincreasingoverthecourseofanhour-longsessionofTwitteruse.

Thelengthoftweetsbyhumanusersalsodecreasedassessions（33）______.“Theamountofinformationthatisexchangeddiminishes,”saysFerrara.Hebelievesthatthechangemayresultfromacognitivedepletionovertime,inwhichpeoplebecomelesslikelytoexpendmentaleffort（34）______originalcontent.

Bots,ontheotherhand,shownochangesintheirinteractivityorthelengthofinformationtheytweetovertime.

Theteamalsoanalysedtheamountoftimebetweenanytwoconsecutive（连读的）tweetsfromasingleuser.Whenthis（35）______isplotted,botsshowedspikesforcertaintimegaps,suchastweetingat30-minuteor60-minuteintervals.

Theteamthencombinedthese（36）______totrainanexistingbot-detectionalgorithm,calledBotometer,onthedifferenceinactivitypatterns.TheAIwas（37）______morelikelytoaccuratelydetecttofakeaccountsthanwhenitwasnottakinginto（38）______thetimingofposts.

Thealgorithmcouldbeusedto（39）______other 

bot-detection 

toolsthatanalysethelanguagewithinposts,saysFerrara.

Oneofthestudy’s（40）______isthattheTwitterdatatheteamanalysedisfromthreeyearsago.Inthattime,it’spossiblethatbotshavebecomemorehuman-likeintheiractivitypatterns.

III.ReadingComprehension

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Itwas“collegecolours”dayatanelementaryschoolinAltamonteSprings,Florida,onAugust30.OneofLauraSnyder’sfourth-gradestudentsBillyworeanorangeT-shirt（41）______hisfavouriteschool,theUniversityofTennessee.

BillywassoexcitedtoshowSnyderhisshirt.Shewas（42）______thathetookitonestepfurthertomakehisownlabelandhedrewhisownUTlogowithpenandpaperand（43）______ittohisshirt.

Butafterlunch,BillycamebacktoSnyder’sroomcrying.SomegirlsatthelunchtablenexttoBilly’shadmadefunofthe（44）______onhisshirt.Billywasdepressed.Snyderknewkidscanbe（45）______.Shewasawarethatthelabelwasnotthefanciestone,butthiskidusedtheresourceshehad（46）______tohimtoparticipateintheactivity.

Inaneffortto（47）______himup,SnyderplannedtobuyhimaUniversityofTennesseeshirt.SheaskedontheFacebookifanyoneouttherehadany（48）______attheuniversitytomakeitalittleextraspecialforBilly.

Whathappenednextcompletely（49）______her.HerpostspreadrapidlyonFacebook,eventuallyreachingUniversityofTennesseefansandthentheuniversityitself.Theuniversity（50）______bysendingBillyapackageofUTsouvenirsforhimandhisclassmates.

“I’mnotevensureIcanputintowordshis（51）______.Itwassoheart-warming,”Snyderwroteinan（52）______toherpost.“Billywassoamazedatallthegoodiesinthebox.Heproudlyputonthejersey（运动衫）andoneofthemanyhatsinthebox.Allwhosawapplaudedforhim.”

Butthenthingsgotevenbetter.

Theuniversity’sofficialshop（53）______onSeptember5thatitdecidedtotakeBilly’shandmadelogoandturnitintoanactualshirt.Andsomeofthemoneywillbedonatedtoananti-bullying（反欺凌）organization.

“WhenItoldhimthathisdesignwasbeingmadeintoarealshirtandpeoplewantedtowearit,hisjaw（54）______,”Snyderwrote.“Hehadabigsmileonhisface,walkedtaller,andIcouldtellhis（55）______grewtoday!

ThankyoutotheUTNationforthat!

”

Billy’smotherwrotealetterofgratitudethatSnyderposted.Itsaid,inpart,“IcantellyouthatIspentalotofmydayreadingallthekindwordsinsupportofmysonandI’mtouchedbeyondwords,”shewrote.

41.A.appreciatingB.representingC.admiringD.picturing

42.A.remindedB.convincedC.impressedD.satisfied

43.A.attachedB.woreC.turnedD.printed

44.A.brandB.signC.colourD.sample

45.A.strangeB.stupidC.cruelD.selfish

46.A.sustainableB.typicalC.availableD.convenient

47.A.cheerB.tripC.teamD.pick

48.A.exchangeB.contactC.suggestionD.knowledge

49.A.frozeB.posedC.blindedD.floored

50.A.acknowledgedB.greetedC.respondedD.permitted

51.A.reactionB.improvementC.behaviourD.attitude

52.A.emailB.addressC.interviewD.update

53.A.advertisedB.explainedC.promisedD.announced

54.A.changedB.droppedC.achedD.closed

55.A.confidenceB.expectationC.responsibilityD.reputation

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

In2012,JamesCameron,creatorofAvatarandTitanic,becamethefirstpersontoreachtheChallengerDeep.WhenhearrivedatthedeepestspotonEarthat7milesbelowsealevel,hespenthoursmappingtheregionandtakingphotosandsamples.

“Ashumanbeings,we’redrawntoabsolutes—thedeepest,thehighest,thecoldest,thefarthest,”hesays.“Andasastorytellerandcuriousmonkey,Ijustwantedtoseewhatwasthere.”Theanswerisobvious—plasticandmore.“Ourso-calledcivilizationisusingtheoceanasitstoilet,”Cameronsays.“Unlessthischanges,oceanecosystemsaregoingtocontinuetheirrapidcollapse.”

Despitedecadesofenvironmentalstudies,theimpactofplasticandotherformsofpollutiononoceansarenotentirelyunderstood.Initialstudiesappeartoindicatethatingestingthem—eitherdirectlyorindirectly—couldcausedisease.Plasticscanalsoreleasepoisonoussubstancesintothewater,whichcouldpotentiallyimpactanimalpopulations.

Butplasticisjustoneoftheproblemsfacingoceansthathaveyettobefullyunderstood.“Plasticwasteintheoceanishorrifyingbutisonlythemostobviousofourmanydeadlywastestreams,whichincludecarbonthat’sheatingtheatmosphereandmakingtheoceanacidic,andtherun-of