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GeneralUseSoftware-Softwareusedbyawiderangeoforganizationsandhomeusersforvariouspurposes.Theseapplicationscanbeusedbyanybusinessorindividual.

3.Explainthedifferencebetweenlocalandnetworkapplicationsoftware.

Localapplication-Alocalapplicationisaprogram,suchasawordprocessor,thatisstoredontheharddiskofthecomputer.Theapplicationrunsonlyonthatcomputer.

Networkapplication-Anetworkapplicationisonethatisdesignedtorunoveranetwork,suchastheInternet.Anetworkapplicationhastwocomponents,onethatrunsonthelocalcomputerandonethatrunsonaremotecomputer.Emailisanexampleofanetworkapplication.

4.

1.2

5.Listthesixcommontypesofcomputersavailable.

a.Mainframes

b.Servers

c.Desktops

d.Workstations

e.Laptops

f.Hand-heldportabledevices

6.Explainwhatserversareandwhattheyareusedfor.

Serversarehighperformancecomputersusedinbusinessesandotherorganizations.

Serversprovideservicestomanyendusersorclients.

7.Whydoserversoftencontainduplicateorredundantparts?

Theservicesprovidedbyaserverareoftenimportantandmayneedtobeavailabletousersatalltimes.Servers,therefore,oftencontainduplicate,orredundant,partstopreventthemfromfailing.

8.Howdoworkstationsdifferfromdesktopcomputers?

Desktopsarecommonlyusedtorunapplicationssuchaswordprocessing,spreadsheetsandnetworkedapplicationssuchasemailandwebbrowsing.

Workstationsarehigh-poweredbusinesscomputers.Theyaredesignedforspecialized,high-endapplicationslikeengineeringprogramssuchasCAD（ComputerAidedDesign）.

9.

10.Howdolaptopsdifferfromdesktops?

Theyareportabledevicesbuilttobelightweightanduselesspower,withabuilt-inmouse,monitorandkeyboard.

11.Whataretheadvantagesofusingadockingstationwithalaptopcomputer?

Itallowstheusertoutilizealargermonitor,mouse,full-sizedkeyboardandhavemoreconnectionoptions.

1.3

12.Howmanyvaluesareinasinglebinarydigit（orbit）?

Two

13.WhatisASCIIandhowdoesacomputeruseit?

Computersusebinarycodestorepresentandinterpretletters,numbersandspecialcharacterswithbits.AcommonlyusedcodeistheAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange（ASCII）.WithASCII,eachcharacterisrepresentedbyastringofbits

14.Explainthefollowingterms:

Byte-

Whileabitisthesmallestrepresentationofdata,themostbasicunitofdigitalstorageisthebyte.Abyteis8bitsandisthesmallestunitofmeasure（UOM）usedtorepresentdatastoragecapacity.

Kilobyte–

Onekilobyteisalittlemorethanonethousandbytes,specifically1,024.

Megabyte–

Amegabyterepresentsmorethanamillionbytesor1,048,576.

Gigabyte–

Agigabyteis1,073,741,824bytes.

15.Whatarebytes,megabytes,andgigabytestypicallyusedtomeasure?

Kilobytes,megabytes,gigabytes,andterabytesaretypicallyusedtomeasurethesizeorstoragecapacityofadevice.Examplesofcomponentsanddevicesthatusebytestorageinclude:

randomaccessmemory（RAM）,harddiskdrivespace,CDs,DVDs,andMP3players.

CompleteLab1.3.2

16.Listandexplainthreetypesofcommonlyusedmedia.

a.Cables,whichusepulsesofelectricitythroughcopperwires

b.Fiberoptics,whichusepulsesoflightoverfibersmadefromglassorplastic

c.Wireless,whichusespulsesoflow-powerradiowaves.

17.Howaredataratesmeasured?

Datatransferratesaremeasuredinthousandsofbitspersecond（kbps）ormillionsofbitspersecond（Mbps）.

18.Graphicsresolutionismeasuredbywhatunitofmeasurement?

Graphicsresolutionismeasuredinpixels.

19.Whatunitofmeasurementisusedtomeasurethespeedofacomputerprocessor?

Hertzisameasurementofhowfastsomethingcyclesorrefreshes.Onehertzrepresentsonecyclepersecond.Incomputers,thespeedofthecomputerprocessorismeasuredbyhowfastitcancycleinordertoexecuteinstructions,measuredinhertz.

CompleteLab1.3.3

1.4

20.Whataretheadvantagesofpurchasingapreassembledcomputer?

a.Lowercost

b.Adequatetoperformmostapplications

c.Nowaitingperiodforassembly

21.Whataretheadvantagesofpurchasingacustombuiltcomputer?

a.Theend-usercanspecifyexactcomponentsthatmeetuserneeds

b.Generallysupporthigherperformanceapplicationssuchasgraphics,gaming,andserverapplications

22.Whataresomeissuestoconsiderwhenselectingamotherboard?

a.SupporttheselectedCPUtypeandspeed

b.SupporttheamountandtypeofsystemRAMrequiredbytheapplications

c.Havesufficientslotsofthecorrecttypetoacceptallrequiredinterfacecards

d.Havesufficientinterfacesofthecorrecttype

23.ExplainwhattheCentralProcessingUnit（CPU）isandwhatitdoes.

TheCPU,orprocessor,isthenervecenterofthecomputersystem.Itisthecomponentthatprocessesallofthedatawithinthemachine.

24.Ifacomputerisrunningmultipleapplicationssimultaneouslywhatcomponentisessentialtoaccomplishthis?

Mostcomputersarecapableofrunningmultipleapplicationssimultaneously,ormulti-tasking.Themoreapplicationsthatneedtorunsimultaneously,themoreRAMrequired.

25.Explainindetailthefunctionofthefollowingadaptercards.

VideoCards–

Videocardsacceptinformationfromcomputersandtranslateitintoaformatthatcanbedisplayedonamonitorscreen.VideocardsoftencontainlargeamountsofRAManddedicatedprocessorchipsformanipulatingvideocontent.Thechoiceofvideocardsismadebasedonvideospeedandhigherresolutioncards.Videocardsmustmatchthecapabilitiesoftheconnectedmonitors.

SoundCards–

Soundcardsacceptdigitalinformationfromthesystemandconvertthemintoasignalthatistransmittedtoaspeakerthatoutputsanaudiosignal.High-endsoundcardscanproduceanaudiooutputthatrivalssomedothebeststereoequipmentavailable.

NetworkInterfaceCards–

Networkinterfacecards（NICs）enableacomputersystemtoexchangeinformationwithothersystemsinalocalnetwork.ThespeedofthenetworkandthetypeoftechnologyhelpdeterminewhatNICisrequired.ThemostcommonnetworkingtechnologyiscurrentlyEthernet.

26.Whatisthemainstoragemediumfoundinalmostallcomputersincluding:

servers,desktops,andlaptops?

Harddiskdrives

27.Whatisanothernameforstaticmemoryandmemorysticks?

USBmemorykeysorflashdrives

28.Listseveralinputdevices.

Trackball,joystick,scanner,digitalcamera,digitizer,barcodereader,microphone

29.Listseveraloutputdevices.

Printer,plotter,speakers,headphones

30.Explainthepurposeofasurgesuppressor?

Asurgesuppressorisdesignedtoremovevoltagespikesandsurgesfromthepowerlineandpreventthemfromdamagingacomputersystem.

31.Explainindetailthefunctionandprocessofanuninterruptiblepowersupply.

（Inotherwordsexplainwhatitdoesandhowitworks.）

AUPSisadevicethatcontinuallymonitorsthepowertoacomputersystemandmaintainsthechargeonaninternalbattery.Ifthepowerisinterrupted,theUPSprovidesbackuppowertothesystemwithoutinterruption.ThebackuppowercomesfromabatteryinsidetheUPSandcanonlypowerthecomputersystemforashortperiodoftime.UPSsaredesignedtoprovidetheend-userwithsufficienttimetoproperlyshutdownacomputersystemshouldthemainpowerfail.AUPScanalsoprovideanevenflowofpowertothecomputerandpreventdamagecausedbyvoltagesurges.

1.5

32.Whatisthereasonfortechnicianstowearspecialwristgroundingstraps?

Aspecialwristgroundingstrapisusedtoconnectthetechniciantothecomputercase.GroundingensuresthattheybothreachthesamevoltagepotentialandESDisprevented.

33.Afterinstallinganewcomputercomponentwhyisitimportanttoobtainthemostcurrentdriverforit?

Driversarecontinuallyupdatedtoimproveefficiencyandfunctionality.Themostcurrentdrivercanbeobtainedfromthemanufacturer'

swebsiteandshouldnormallybeused.

34.Computercomponentsaredesignedtomakeuseofspecificsetsofsystemresources.Whendealingwithnewercomponentshowaretheseresourcesassigned?

Newercomponentsandoperatingsystemsareabletodynamicallyassignsystemresources.

35.Whatarethestepsrequiredtoinstallaperipheraldevice?

a.Connecttheperipheraltothehostusingtheappropriatecableorwirelessconnection

b.Connecttheperipheraltoapowersource

c.Installtheappropriatedriver

36.Ifanewlyinstalledperipheraldevicedoesnotfunctionproperlywhatstepscanbetakentocorrecttheproblem?

a.Verifythatallcableshavebeenproperlyconnectedandthatthedeviceispoweredup.

b.Manydevices,suchasprinters,offeratestingfunct