初中英语名词专项讲解Word下载.doc
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2.普通名词:
包括可数名词和不可数名词
个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:
sister、table、bike、window
可数名词
集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:
family、police、class、group
物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:
water、air、wood
不可数名词
抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:
danger、interest
区分方法:
将物体分成两半,如果每半不能叫原名,则为可数名词,如果还可叫原名,则为不可数名词。
注:
有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,例:
glass作玻璃杯时可数,作玻璃时不可数。
身兼二职的名词对照表
glass
fish
chicken
time
可数
玻璃杯
鱼类
小鸡
次、倍
不可数
玻璃
鱼肉
鸡肉
时间
orange
light
paper
hair
橘子
电灯
报纸/试卷
(几根)头发
橘汁
光
纸
头发
exercise
idea
life
work
练习题
主意/意见
生命
著作
锻炼
了解
生活
工作
turkey
radio
youth
experience
火鸡
收音机
青年人
经历
火鸡肉
无线电
年轻、青春
经验
interest
room
爱好
房间
兴趣
空间
【注意】
(1)family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数,强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数;
(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念:
①police指警察、警官的总称,本身表示复数。
Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数
②people指人们、人民,本身表示复数。
(The)…people+谓语动词复数
people指民族,有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族
二、名词的单复数形式
(1)规则变化:
名词的复数构成,通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es
1、一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bags。
2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es,例bus-busesbox-boxes。
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,y变成i加-es例city-cities;
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加s。
4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es,其余直接加s。
5、以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s,
例life-liveswife-wivesroof–roofs。
(2)不规则变化
1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children
2、某国人变复数,口诀:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面
例:
anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans
3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类:
表示动物的名词
deer鹿,fish鱼,sheep绵羊,bison野牛,crab螃蟹
表示人的名词
Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,Swiss瑞士人,kin亲属
craft及由-craft构成的名词
craft飞机,aircraft飞机,spacecraft太空船
表示数量的名词
Hundred百,thousand千,million百万,dozen一打,score二十
其他
series系列;
species种类;
means方法
(3)不可数名词一般只用单数,它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。
表示数量时用量词搭配。
acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(两杯牛奶)
threepiecesofpaper(三张纸)fourbottlesofwater(四杯水)
三、名词所有格
含义:
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。
表示形式:
一种是’s所有格,一种是of所有格
BeijingisChina’scapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.
ThisisTom’sbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.
Lilyisthekey’sowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.
1、’s所有格构成
单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词,只需在词尾加’s,如Lucy’spen路西的钢笔Children’sDay(儿童节);
以s结尾的复数名词,只加’,如thestudents’books学生们的书。
2、几个人共有的东西,只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,如LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。
表示各自所有,则每个名词都加’s,如Lucy’sandLily’sdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。
3.of所有格:
1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。
themapofChinathedooroftheroom
2).双重所有格:
of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词
Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).
Issheadaughterof__________(you)?
典型例题讲解
1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories
2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,oranges
C.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalk
C.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson
5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandapple
C.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers
7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room
8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeter
C.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.
A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperience
C.anexperienceD.alotexperience
11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s
12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.
A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen
13.Theteam________havingameeting.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
14.“Wouldyoulike_________?
”“________,please.”
A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffees
C.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees
15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.
A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millions
C.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions
三巩固训练:
1.Thisis___reading-room.
A.theteacher’sB.teacher’sC.teacher’sD.theteachers’
2.Nothingwasfoundbut___broken.
A.theroomwindowB.theroom’swindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom
3.Howmany___wouldyoulike?
A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread
4.Hewaspraisedforhis___.
A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave
5.Pleasegetmeanew___whenyougototown.
A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers
6.Thereare34___doctorsinthehospital.
A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s
7.Some___areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.
A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos
8.Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin___.
A.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecond
9.Oldasheis,hehas___todoeveryday.
A.alotofworkB.muchworks
C.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks
10.Jack’sroomisfurnishedwith___.
A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnitures
C.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture
11.Haveyouread___newspaperyet?
A.today’sB.Today’s
C.thetoday’sD.yourtoday’s
12.It’snotfar,only___walkfromheretoourschool.
A.atenminutesB.tenminutes
C.atenminutes’D.tenminutes’
13.Lastmonth,hewroteme___letter.
A.a1000-wordB.1000words
C.a1000-wordsD.1000words’
14.Hehada___sleepyesterday.
A.agoodnightB.agood-night
C.agoodnight’sD.good-night’s
15.___isnotalongwaytodrive.
A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistance
C.Threemiles’distanceD.Athree-mile-distance
16.Hisisn’tfitforthework.Pleasegetme___.
A.somethingelseB.somebodyelse
C.someoneelse’sD.somebody’selse
17.Doyouknowhowlarge___is?
A.populationofChinaB.Chinesepopulation
C.ChinapopulationD.China’spopulation
18.___istoomuchfortheboytocarry.
A.TheboxweightB.Thebox’sweight
C.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight
19.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest___shop?
A.shoesB.shoe
C.shoes’D.shoe’s
20.What___weatherwe’rehavingthesedays!
A.niceB.anice
C.abadD.worse
21.Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe___.
A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportance
C.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant
22.I’mgoingtocallat___thisevening.
A.MrBlackB.theBlacks
C.MrBlack’sD.Blacks’
23.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeople’sreligious___.
A.beliefB.beliefs
C.beliefsD.believs
24.Therearesome___waitingforyououtside.
A.GermanB.American
C.grown-upD.Japanese
25.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof___tohelppeoplewalk.
A.machineB.machines
C.amachineD.themachine
26.There’remany___inmybrother’salbum.
A.leafsB.toys
C.booksD.stamps
27.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof___.
A.tomatoesB.potatos
C.vegetableD.meats
28.UponhearingwhatIsaid,his___rose.
A.angerB.angry
C.angrilyD.angriness
29.Excuseme,canyouchangethis___forme?
A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnote
C.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes
30.Youhavetomake___foryourjourney
A.preparingB.preparation
C.apreparationD.preparations
四课堂过手训练:
1.Wehaven'
tgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?
(07)
AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit
2.I’veread_____sportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)
AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof
3.Linda,I'
veboughtmany.Nowlet'
smakethebirthdaycake.(03)
A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings
4.Youcangetmuch____________ abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(01)
A)map B)picture C)ticket D)information
5.Comeon,children.Helpyours