NEW答案考研英语历年真题英语二真题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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difficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI

___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to

25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.And

over30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderately

obese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem___9___,theyarenot.Obesityis

probablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIare

infactextremelyfit,___10___otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor___11___.For

example,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers___12___asobese,

thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframe

mayhavehighbodyfatbuta___13___BMI.

Todaywehavea（an）___14___tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweight

aresometimes___15___inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes

___16___withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospects

forsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshownto

harborbiasesagainsttheobese.___17___veryyoungchildrentendtolookdown

ontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaproblemin

schools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,___18___inhealthconcerns,have

stimulatedanumberofanti-obesity___19___.Myownhospitalsystemhasbanned

sugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossand

fitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibility

campaign__20___childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatest

nationalsecuritythreat.

1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,

an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhousein

Floridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshe

hopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,she

coulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthe

mostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreat

wealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yet

satisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwas

onceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;

regretcreepsin.Itisfarbetterto

spendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,

uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemore

valuablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeeling

moreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslottery

winnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”Itseemsmostpeoplewould

bebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewith

friendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverage

Americanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierfor

it）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasing

thingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumed

sparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald’srestrictstheavailability

ofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichinto

anobjectofobsession.

Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousabout

fulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeoplein

wealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelink

betweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichand

poorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthings

formostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,which

rangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmerican

homebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoney

wellspent.

21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemost

rewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.

[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat_______.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_______.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto______.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearch

saysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehavea

deep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumber

ofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverage

effect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrate

ourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingon

wellwithothers-allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.

Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestoothersto

boostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudying

intoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyrate

theirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginal

photograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenaltered

toappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“an

automaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleor

noapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalsely

flatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowthey

looked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthere

anyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipants

whothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsoto

makeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimages

higheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththose

whoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthe

findingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.

“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.If

youaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘s

study,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselves

Viscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureas

themselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecan

shareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,

intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,says

CatalinatomaofWiscon-Madisonuniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealized

versionofthemselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat

______.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesare