解读《简爱》的帝国主义意识Word文档格式.docx

解读《简爱》的帝国主义意识Word文档格式.docx

《解读《简爱》的帝国主义意识Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《解读《简爱》的帝国主义意识Word文档格式.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

JaneEyreincludesmanyfactorsoftheimperialism.Inthemiddleof19thcentury,Britainbegantoexpandtotheoutsiderapidly,mostoftheBritishpeoplerevelinthedreamoftheWhiteMyth.Asoneoftherepresentsofideologicalnovel,JaneEyrewasinevitabletoadvancetotheculturalempire,andCharlotteBronte’sJaneEyreisoneofthemostimportantloopsinthenarration.Inthenovel,theantagonismbetweensuzerainandcolonies,thesuperiorityoftheempireanddiscriminationtothecoloniespermeatedthroughit.Theimperialisticflavourpervadedinit.FromVictoriatimeson,Britainbegantodevelopcolonization.Atthesametime,theculturalsourceofideologyplayedanimportantpart.JaneEyreincludestherecessivestructureoftheimperialisticconsciousness,exhibitsallkindsofculturalcharactersintheperiodoftheimperialism,andrevealstheconnectionbetweenthecultureandimperialism.

KeyWords

imperialism;

colonialism;

culture;

feminism

摘　要

文化战略是帝国主义国家控制殖民地的一种方式，作为文化的产物，<

<

简.爱>

>

包含了帝国主义的各种因素。

19世纪中期的英国，以前所未有的速度向外扩张，人们普遍沉醉于白色神话的迷梦中，而作为意识形态表现之一的小说也在向文化帝国迈进。

夏绿蒂.勃朗特的<

是其叙事链中举足轻重的一环。

在这部小说里，宗主国与殖民地的对立，帝国的优越感和对殖民地的歧视都渗透其中，弥漫着十足的帝国主义味道。

英国自维多利亚时代开始，就不断发展对外殖民事业。

其中，作为意识形态的文化资源也起了举足轻重的作用。

这部小说中也有着帝国主义意识的隐性结构，隐性话语，展示了帝国主义时代的种种文化上的特点，显示了文化和帝国主义之间的联系。

关键词

帝国主义;

殖民主义;

文化;

女权主义

Introduction

JaneEyrewascreatedinthemiddleof19thcentury.Itisalwaysaclassicallovestoryinpeople’shearts.CharlotteBrontealsobecameveryfamousallovertheworldbecauseofit.JaneEyrewasfiguredasagreatwoman，whowaschaste,well-informedandstrong-willed.Shelivedinthebottomofthesociety,sufferedenoughfromtribulations,however,shewasstubborn,aggressiveandbravetoseekforherhappinessandfairness.Soherspiritswasadmiredbypeopletoo.Peopleneverchangedsuchkindofthoughtthatitisjustalovestory,butafterreadingmanytimesthewritergotalotofnewviewsaboutit.Accordingtothecreatedtimeofthework,Britainbegantoexpandtotheoutsiderapidlyanddevelopcolonization.Andatthattimetheimperialisticcolonizationwasnotonlytheexpansionoftheterritoryandpillageofthesource,butalsotheideologicalcolonization.Atthattime,astheideology,theculturalsourceplayedanimportantpartinthecolonizationandintheimperialisticcondition,asoneofrepresentsofideologicalnovel,JaneEyrewasinevitablytoadvancetotheculturalempire.CharlotteBronte’sJaneEyrethatwascreatedinthisperiodimpliedstrongimperialisticcolour.Therearefulloftheantagonismbetweensuzerainandcolonies,thesuperiorityoftheempireand 

discriminationtothecolonies.Theimperialisticflavourinthisnovelexhibitedallkindsoftheculturalcharactersintheperiodoftheimperialism.AsoneoftherepresentativeworksintheperiodofBritishcolonization,JaneEyrewasaverygreatworkofthelovestories.Fromalovestorytothereflectionoftheimperialism,CharlotteBrontewasatpainsindeed,thelovewasdifficulttoescapefromtheaffectionoftheimperialisticconsciousnessbecauseintheperiodoftheimperialismpeople’slivewasrelatedwiththeimperialisticconsciousnessinsomedegree.

I.SomeTreatise0ntheImperialism

Intermsofthewidestmeaning,theimperialismreferstothestructureofsomeempire,soifsomecountryexpandeditscontroltooneormoreneighbouringcountries,theimperialismbecameonesideinthatperiod.Accordingtothecommonmeaning,EdwardSaidthoughttheimperialismwassomemetropoliscentreofthecontrolwhichruledthedistantpossessionitwasapractice,atheoryandaattitude,andthecoursewasalsodifferentfromcolonialismwhichindicatedmigrationandcolonizationinthedistantpossession.（EdwardSaid,55）Butgenerallyspeaking,theword“imperialism”asapublicpolicywhichthroughthewayofthestratagemandpoliticstogettheadvantagesoftheeconomicsandconquerthecoloniesappeareduntil1880th.Beforethattime,theword“empire”,especiallyinBritainindicatedaprocessthattheEuropeansexpandedtothecoloniesontheflagofbeneficent—thecolonieswerenotoccupied,butaccrued.Inthemiddleof19thcentury,theword“imperialism”wasdescribedforthegovernmentandthepolicyofNapoleonIIIwhoappointedtheemperorforhimself.Till1870,thewordwasusedintheBritishpartieswhoslanderedforeachother.Butafter1880,the“imperialism”becameallkindsofpolitical,culturalandeconomicalreasonsamongEuropeancountries.Itwasobviouslyanaggressivepolicy.

Themodernmeaningoftheimperialismisthattheempiresgrabtheoverseascolonies.TheimperialismisconcernedwithEuropeanizationwhichhasthreeperiods:

thegreatdiscoveryofgeographyintheperiodof15thand16th;

thecommercialismintheperiodof17thand18thcentury;

theimperialismintheperiodof19thandearly20th.TheEuropeanizationwasnotcausedbytheEuropeangovernmentsandcountries,butthetenthousandofcolonists,businessmen,churchmenandadventurersspreadingalloverAfricaandEurope.ItisdifficulttotracebacktotherootofEuropeanization,buttheveryimportantthingistounderstandhowtheEuropeanimperialismwaslaidthefoundationbytheusualtravellers,adventurers,churchmenandcolonistsforseveralcenturies.

Theimperialismisthatacountryconquersandrobstoanothercountry,fromRomeperiodtotoday,ithasaverylonghistoryandthemostobviousrepresentisthatthehistoricalpoweronitsbackistheplentyofthematerials,thewidemarkets,andthecheapestlaboursareneededbythecompetitiveeconomicalsystemofthewestcountries.Atthesametime,theideologysuppliedtheimportantsupporttotheimperialismandmadeitlaythefoundationontheculturalandpoliticaladvantagesoftheimperialisticcountries.Thestrongideologyandthebureaucracysystemmovingallovertheworldwasthereasonwhytheimperialismwasdifferentfromcolonialism.Theimperialismkeptupthekindofsystematichegemonybyalotofways,whichincludedtheslavery,thecivilisation,andmodernizationinthepolitics,law,religion,healthandeducation.AfterWorldWarII,theimperialismhadnewpatternswhichnotleanedtothehostility,operationandarmsraceofthecountriesinEurope,butaimedattheeconomicalrelationbetweenfirstworldcountryandthirdworldcountry.Thiskindofnewstageofthecolonialismbecametheresearchobjectofthepost-colonialismfinally.

II.TheDeepRelationsoftheImperialism,theColonialismandtheCulture

Thereisasimplewaytoexplainthecloserelationamongtheimperialism,colonialismandculture:

makingphrasesrespectivelywiththeword“culture”bythewords“imperialism”and“colonialism”,twophraseshaveformed—CulturalImperialismandCulturalColonialism.Thetwophrasescanexplainthedeeprelationamongtheimperialism,thecolonialismandthecultureverywell.

InordertogiveaperfectexplanationofCulturalImperialismtothelearningworld,therewerealotofsavantshadmadegoodexplanationsofCulturalImperialism.Theseexplanationsalsoembodythecloserelationsofthem.theymasteredCulturalImperialismaccordingtothemeaningthattheeconomicwasthepioneerandtheculturewastheaimanddefineditaccordingtothemeaningoftheculturewasthepioneerandservedfortheeconomicsandpolitics.SomesavantsthoughtthatCulturalImperialismwasmediumimperialismandsomeothersbelievedthatitwasanationalcultureinplaceofanotherone.HansJ.Morgenthauthoughtthatitwasapolicywhichisnotbythewayofconqueringtheterritoryandcontrollingtheeconomiclives,butconqueringandcontrollingpeople’smind.Accordingtohisideas,ifacountrycarriedoutthepolicyofCulturalImperialismtoconquerthemainpeople’smind,furthertorulethewholecountry,itwasbetterthanbythewayofmilitaryaffairs.

Thecolonialismisalsoapolicythatthecapitalisticcountriesusedthemilitaryaffairs,politicsandeconomicstoconquer,enslaveandexploittheweakcountries,nationsandtheunenlightenedareasandmakethembecomethecoloniesorhalf-colonies.however,Inthedifferentperiodsofthecapitalism,thecolonialismhavethedifferentrepresentforms:

intheprimitiveperiodoftheaccumulationofthecapital,thecolonialismtakethewaysofthebareviolencesuchas 

thearmedoccupation,overseascolonization,plunderofthepiracy,deceitfultradeandbloodymarketingofslaves;

intheperiodoftheliberalcapitalism,itwasmainlybythewayof“liberaltrade”—capitalisticcountrymadetheundevelopedcountries,nationsandareasbecomeitsmerchandisemarkets,theproducingareasoftherawmaterial,investmentplacesandsourcesofthelaboursandemploysoldiers;

intheperiodoftheimperialism,exceptfortheaboveways,theexportofthecapitalwasthemainformtoexploitthesecountriesandnations.Betweenthelateof19thandthebeginningof20th 

century,thecountriesandareasoftheworldthatwereoccupiedascoloniesorhalf-colonieshadformedtheimperialisticcolonizationsystem.AfterWorldWarII,thenationalismranup,mostoftheAfro-Asiancountriesgottheindependenceanddestroyedtheimperialisticsystem.Atthesametime,thecolonialcountriesusedthewaysoftheindirect,covertanddeceptiveformstomaintainandfigureforthemorecolonialbenefits.Onthepolitics,oneside,theyallowandadmittheindependenceofthecoloniesandhalf-colonies;

ontheotherhand,theyeducatedandsupporttheiragenttocontrolthesecountries.Onth