Liucoa吴俭托福写作讲义310.docx
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Liucoa吴俭托福写作讲义310
Timewillpiercethesurfaceoryouth,willbeonthebeautyoftheditchdugashallowgroove;Janewilleatrare!
Abornbeauty,anythingtoescapehissicklesweep
.--Shakespeare
托福写作讲义
吴俭wujiangg@
TeachingPlan（10）
第一次课
⏹托福写作考试整体介绍
⏹作文理论Briefing
⏹学习目的及课堂安排
第二次课
⏹词法：
30组托福经典词汇
⏹语法：
20组常犯语法错误
⏹改错练习
第三次课
⏹独立写作综述
⏹BeginningParagraph的写法
第四次课
⏹TopicSentence的写法
⏹Howtodevelopsentence
（1）
第五次课
⏹SupportingIdeas的写法
第六次课
⏹解题思路的扩展与总结
⏹佳句赏析
第七次课
⏹让步式的写法
⏹Howtodevelopsentence
（2）
第八次课
⏹结尾段的写法
⏹写作流程总结及思路培养
第九次课
⏹综合写作综述
⏹综合写作阅读及听力技巧
⏹综合写作文章结构
⏹综合写作模板使用
第十次课
⏹综合写作练习
⏹托福写作最新考题分析
⏹新托福考场备考策略及全攻略
第一次课
课程安排
⏹托福写作考试整体介绍
⏹作文理论Briefing
⏹学习目的及课堂安排
◆托福作文考试简介
50分钟/2篇作文（综合写作、独立写作）
☐综合写作（150字）
5种关系（_____________________________________）
☐独立写作（350字）
3种出题方式
3种基本话题
◆作文理论Briefing
作文考试目标
6分作文的三个标准
☐
☐
写作面临的2大困惑
☐
☐
写作之中遵循的2个原则
1._____________________________________________
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
2.______________________________________________
✓说明文（两段式）
✓议论文（三种传统理论）
☐传统段
☐对称式
☐让步式
学习目的及课堂安排
本课堂的学习内容
1、
2、
3、
4、
第二次课
课程安排
⏹词法：
30组托福经典词汇
⏹语法：
20组常犯语法错误
⏹改错练习
雅思四大话题－30组经典词组和句子
1.action/activity
Thepolicetookimmediate_______whentheyrealizedthesituationwasgettingoutofhand.
Economic________stagnatedastherecessiontookhold.
2.advice/advise
Canyou________meonthebestcourseofactiontotake?
Heofferedmesomeexcellent____________
3.affect/effect
Cutsinspendingwillhaveaserious_______ontheNationalHealthService.
Thestrikeswillseriously_______trainservices.
4.appreciable/appreciative
Thereisan_______differencebetweenslaughterandmurder.
Shewasvery_______ofoureffortstohelp.
5.assumption/presumption
Theyraisedtaxesonthe_______thatitwouldhelpcontrolspending.
It’ssheer_____forthegovernmenttosuggestthingshaveimprovedsincetheycametopower.
6.avoid/prevent
Rapidgovernmentreformsmanagedto_______arevolutiontakingplace.
He’salwaystryingto_______takingadecisionifhecanhelpit.
7.besides/beside
Theofficeisjust_______therailwaystation.
_______theirregulardaytimejob,manypeopledoextraworkintheevening.
8.briefly/shortly
_______beforetheconflictbegan,thearmypulleddowntheborderpost.
Theministerspoke_______abouttheneedforpoliticalreform.
9.channel/canal
Thetelevision________receivedaformalcomplaintabouttheprogram.
TheSuez________wasbuiltinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.
10.conscientious/conscious
_________workersalwaystaketheirworkseriously.
Mostpeopleare__________oftheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.
11.continual/continuous
A_________tradeembargohasbadlyaffectedtheeconomicinfrastructure.
Thecomputerhasgivenus___________problemseversinceweinstalledit.
12.control/inspect
Environmentalhealthofficersregularly________kitchensandotherfoodpreparationareas.
Thegovernmentplansto_________thepriceofmeattomakesureitdoesn’tgouptoomuch.
13.criticism/objections
Theydidn’traiseany_________whenweinsistedoninspectingthefigures.
Thegovernment’splanwasmetwithsevere_________.
14.damage/injury/harm
Itwasasevere__________whichneededimmediatehospitaltreatment.
Alotof____________wascausedtobuildingsalongthecoastduringthestorm.
Thereisno_________inworkingoutthedetailsrightnow.
15.during/for/while
Shopswereclosed_________thedurationoftheconflict.
______thetransitionfromadictatorshiptodemocracy,thecountryexperiencedseverestrikes.
Thebombwentoff_________thepresidentwasmakinghisspeech.
16.however/moreover
Theplanwasgoodintheory.________,inpracticeitwasextremelydifficulttoimplement.
Theplanwasexcellent.____,itwasclearfromthebeginningthatitwasgoingtobeasuccess.
17.inconsiderate/inconsiderable
An______________amountofmoneywaswasted.
_________behaviormakeslifeunpleasantforeverybody.
18.intolerable/intolerant
Iconsiderhisbehaviortobequite______________
Thegovernmentis_____________ofotherpoliticalparties.
19.job/work
Everybodyhastherighttoadecent__________________withgoodpay.
Followingtherecession,manypeoplearestilllookingfor_________________
20.lay（s）/lie（s）
ThecityofGuito___________neartheequator.
Themanagermadeitclearheintendedto_____________downsomestrictrules.
21.lookat/watch
Wemust___thesituationinLugumbacarefully,andbepreparedtoactifviolenceflaresagain.
Weneedto____________theproblemcarefullyandifthereisanythingwecandoaboutit.
22.permission/permit
I’mafraidcan’t__________photographyinhere.
Theyreceived_________toattendthesessionsaslongastheydidn’tinterrupt.
23.possibility/chance
Thereisalwaysthe___________thatthegovernmentwillreverseitsdecision.
Ifweactnow,wehaveagood_____________offindingacureforthedisease.
24.practice/practice
It’simportantto_____________yourEnglishwheneverpossible.
Youneedmore___________beforeyoutaketheexam.
25.priceless/worthless
_______paintingsbyartistslikeVanGoghshouldnotbeinthehandsofprivatecollectors.
Atinflationspiraledoutofcontrol,papermoneysuddenlybecame___________
26.principal/principle
The____________ofthecollegeisanardentnon-smoker.
Thecountry’s________________productsarepaperandwood.
Notmanypeoplearefamiliarwiththe____________ofnuclearphysics.
27.process/procession
The________madeitswaydowntheavenue.
Applyingforavisacanbealongandfrustrating______________
28.raise/rise
Asprices___________,demandusuallydrops.
Inresponsetothecurrentoilshortage,mostairlinesplanto_____________theirfares.
29.respectable/respectful
Thedelegateslistenedin________silenceasthechairmanspoke.
Theywanttobringuptheirchildreninanareawhichisconsideredtobe____________
30.treat/cure
Hospitalsaresounderstaffedthattheyfinditimpossibleto___patientswithminorinjures.
Theywereunableto_____________thedisease,andhundredsdiedasaresult.
1.Therebe结构
错误表达：
Therehavemanypeoplebelievethatcomputersareuseful.
正确表达：
2.情态动词（情态动词必须加一个动词原形）
错误表达：
Weshouldbetakesomeeffectivemeasures.
正确表达：
3.不一致
不一致包括主谓不一致，也包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等
错误表达：
Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.
正确表达：
4.时态问题
错误表达：
Somepeoplearguedthatwomenshouldjointhearmy.
正确表达：
5.语态问题
错误表达：
Somepeoplethinkthatoldbuildingsshouldpreserve.
正确表达：
6.悬垂修饰语
错误表达：
Tosolvethisproblem,propermeasuresshouldbetaken.
正确表达：
错误表达：
Servinginthearmy,self-respectandconfidencecanbecultivated.
正确表达：
7.词性使用
错误表达：
Nobodycannegativetheimportanceofeducation.
正确表达：
8.介词短语加了句号
错误表达：
Withthedevelopmentofsociety.Peoplebegintorealizetheimportanceofeducation.
正确表达：
9.句子不完整
错误表达：
Thequestionwhethertheinternetisablessingoracurse.
正确表达：
10.固定词组的搭配
错误表达：
Thereisagreatdealofviolenceshowninmediatothepurposeofmakingpeoplerelaxed.
正确表达：
11.指代不清
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致
错误表达：
However,theinternetalsohastheirdisadvantages.
正确表达：
12.suchas和forexample的区别
错误表达：
Computersenjoyahostofmeritsforexamplehighspeed,easyaccessibilityandgreatefficiency.
正确表达：
错误表达：
Studyingwithteachersisbeneficial.Suchas,wecanacquirebothusefulknowledgeandpracticalskills.
正确表达：
13.逗号隔开了两个完整的句子
错误表达：
Thehumanracehasenteredamarvelousage,theworldisdevelopingatanamazingrate.
正确表达：
14.用词不当
是指在特定的句子中如何适当的选用词语的问题，我们在作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是
错误表达：
Theuseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsogivesrisetopollution.
正确表达：
15.不连贯
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不通顺
错误表达：
AsIseeit,watershortage,itisthemostpressingproblemoftheearth.
正确表达：
16.名词单复数使用错误
错误表达：
Livinginthisinformation-explosionsociety,wecanobtainanincreasingnumberofinformations.
正确表达：
17.正式原则
一般不能出现缩写形式
错误表达：
Asisknowntoall,wecan’tdowithoutadvertisement.
正确表达：
特例：
18.大小写的错误
每句开头第一个字母都得大写
错误表达：
asweallknow,lifeishopeandhopeislife.
正确表达：
19.从句引导词错误
错误表达：
Asiswidely-accepted,thattherearemanypeoplewhichfailtotakeintoaccountthefactthatthediversityofspeciesisthegreatestcharmintheworld.
正确表达：
20.介词使用不当
错误表达：
ThereisnoyetabsoluteagreementinthequestionwhetherschoolsareofnouseintheComputerAge.
正确表达：
错误表达：
Onanutshell,wecanconcludethatmediawillstillexertpositiveimpactsonthesocietaldevelopment.
正确表达：
CorrectionExercises
1.Theinventionofcomputersmakespeoplelivemorecomfortableandconvenient.
2.Don’tputhandinpocket.
3.Manytrafficaccidentsoccurredistheresultofcareless.
4.Lastnightwastoocold.
5.Bycomparison,nuclearenergyhassomedistinctiveadvantages,suchasitisverycleanandcheap.
6.Somepeopleclaimthatfastfoodwillinsteadoftraditionalfood.
7.Despiteheisverydiligentatstudy,hestillcannotpasstheTOEFLtest.
8.Ifinishedhomeworkandwentoutofdormitoryforadrink.
9.ThoughtheInternethasmanybenefits,butitalsohassomedrawbacks.
10.Ifyouareconvenient,pleasegivemeahand.
11.Inthepast,thepriceofmilkwassoexpensivethatfewpeoplecouldhardlyaffordit.
12.Iforgotmywatchathome.
13.Smokingisharmfultoyourbody.
14.Underhishelp,wepasttheIELTStest.
15.Thetwotypesofdesignsexistdifference.
16.Thetruefactisheneveroffershelptoothers.
17.Therearemanypeopleplantostudyabroad.
18.Keeppetsareverypopularamongpeopleliveinbigcity.
19.Ifletaloneathome,manyoldpeopleareverydangerous.
20.Thesocietyshouldpaymoreattentiontoth
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