基础英语3期末复习材料.docx
《基础英语3期末复习材料.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《基础英语3期末复习材料.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
基础英语3期末复习材料
基础英语3期末复习材料
Unit5
Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.
1.whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.
Whenwestarttotellthefirstlie,wearelikelytotellmoretocoverthefirstone.Oneliewillleadtoanother,thenwewillgetourselvesinacomplicatedsituation.
2."Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar`sperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp."
Psychologicalbarriersbecomesmallerandsmaller.Wetelllieswithouthesitationevenifthedeceitwasuncovered.Theliarwouldn`ttakeitseriously.
3.Themostunderstandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincipleoftrustfortheprincipleofcaring.
Accordingtoethicizes,themostforgivableandacceptableliesarebasedonprincipleofcaringandloveinsteadoftrust.
Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.
veryimportanttotheworld
2.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheother`sfeeling.
avoidhurtingother`sfeeling
3.Andthenthereareprofessions—lawyers,pundits,PRconsultant—whosemembersspecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclient`sneeds.
modifyingthefact
4.PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonslipperyslope.
somethingthatcanleadtoseriousconsequence
5.Areallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcasts?
underanycircumstances
Ⅲ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.
1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunethicalforphysicianstoadvertize.（ethics）
2.Theyoungactorwasrequestedtospeakinafeignedvoice.（feign）
3.Wemustbeunsparinginourcriticismofarmstrade.（spare）
4.Herhardexperiencehasnotcoarsenedherormadehercynical.（cynicism）
5.Mostshopsareshutdownduringthisconfoundedlyhotspell.（confound）
6.Theavailabilityofcreditlubricatedthechannelsoftrade.（lubricant）
7.TheropeswereentangledsoJohnnywasnotabletountietheparcel.（tangle）
8.Willfulpeoplecannottoleratetheslightestfrustrationoftheirwishes.（will）
Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.
1.Theoutdoorconcertwascalledoffduetotheweather.
canceled
2.Theexpandedvocabulary,aswellastheimprovedreadingspeedandaccuracy,willbearecordthatcanencourageyoutogetovertheboredom.
overcome
3.Theyknewthatanyfailuretoabidebythetermsofthetreatywouldbringinternationalcondemnation.
follow
4.HewasreducedtobegginginthestreetsofManhattan.
fellinto
5.Theplainfactisthattheyaregivingmethesake,howevertheytrytodressitup.
makeitmoreacceptable
6.Thesecretisnottobroodoveryourfailures,buttaacceptthemasinevitable.
careabout
7.Theoptionofincreasinginvestmenthasbeenruledout.
givenup
8.Itiswisetosetfoodandmoneybyincaseofafutureemergency.
reserveforfutureuse
Ⅴ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.
1.Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem"littlepreoccupationorregret."
十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有是他们十分纠结或者后悔。
2.Despitetheseadmission,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere"satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter."
尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意。
”
3.Surely,these"nicelies"areharmlessandwell-intended,anecessarysociallubricant.
这些善意的谎言无疑是好意的，也是社会必要的润滑剂。
4.Andifyou`renotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb."Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends."
如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则“拿不准的时候就说实话，这会使迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。
”
Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.
1、当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯（feign）
Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingaboutwhattodo.
2、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩（prevarication）
Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.
3、真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见（ubiquitous）
Sometimesthelightofthetruthisjusttoodazzling,sowhiteliesareubiquitous.
4、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满（profess）
ManywomeninAmericaprofessthattheyareunhappywiththeirstatusassecond-classcitizens.
5、一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurtout）
Ontheimpulseofthemoment,heblurtedoutthesecret.
6、你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断（warp）
Youshouldgetridofanyprejudice,resisttemptationsandletnothingwarpyourjudgment.
7、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络（atangledweb）
Beingover-sensitiveandimaginative,heoftenweavesatangledwebinhismind.
8、他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦（spare）
Heisverypopularamonghispeersashealwaystriestospareothersanytrouble.
Unit8
Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.
1.Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.
Itwouldbeunwisetopursueanimpossiblegoalevenifitismagnificent/great.
2.Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.
Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistogetone'shorizonfreefromtheconfinementoftimeandspace.
Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:
thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.
takeintoconsideration;
attachadequateimportancetoeachfact
2.Nodoubt,iftheycouldhavefoundthem,theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind,butasitwastheirliveswerewasted.
Surely;
broughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind;
actually
3.Todescendtolessheroicmatters,considerthecaseoftwomen,Mr.AandMr.B,whohateeachotherand,throughmutualhatred,bringeachothertodestruction.
talkaboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant;
destroyorruineachother
4.Sightandsoundandtouchareboundupwithourownbodiesandcannotbeimpersonal.
connectwith
5.Graduallywiththeyears,hishorizonwidens,and,inproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates,heachievesgrowingwisdom.
accordingly
Ⅲ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.
1.ThemainbeneficiariesoftheHopeProjectarepoverty-strickenchildrenlivinginremoteareas,（benefit）
2.Traditionalherbalmedicineissaidtohavelessundesirablesaideffects.（desire）
3.Thecoldwinddrovethesnowalmosthorizontallyatthesoldiersmarchinginthewilderness.（horizon）
4.AmericanIndiansarenowproudtobethedescendantsofNorthAmerica`sfirstinhabitants.（descend）
5.Thesouthernregionshaveincreasinglyreliedonforeigninvestment（increase）
6.Thisphilosophicalessayisbeyondmydaughter`scapacity.（philosophy）
7.Calmdown!
Let`snotbeundulyworried.（due）
8.Intesttheory,standardizationreferstomeasurementsorassessmentsconductedunderexactspecified,andrepeatablecondition.（standard）
Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.
1.Paul`spickedupathroatinfectionthatprovesverydifficulttogetridof.
sufferedfrom
2.Hewouldnotstandbyandwatchherimpulsivelythrowherlifeaway.
lookonunconcerned
3.Thecommitteewassetupprimarilytoinquireintostandardsofpubliclife,
investigate
4.Thenursewillattendtoyourwoundsassoonasshe`sfree.
treat
5.WedecidedtoabandonfishingandheadforhomebeforeIfrozetodeath.
go
6.Imusthaveblackedout;thenextthingIrememberedwastwomenpullingmefromthecar.
lostconsciousness
7.Theserviceprovidedbythiscanteenisfarfrombeingsatisfactory,butweshalljusthavetoputupwithit.
bear
8.Thecommunitycommitteeofferedtheresidentsalectureonhowtodisposeofthehouseholdgarbageandtherecyclableresources.
dealwith
Ⅴ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.
1.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeinwisdom.
大多数人或许都会同意,虽然我们所处的时代在知识积累方面远远超过以往任何时代,但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长.
2.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld.
它产生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最为稠密的地区,食品供应短缺,生活水平下降.
3.Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingarenarrow.
有些人知识渊博而情感狭隘,这绝不少见.
4.Noonecanviewtheworldwithcompleteimpartiality;andifanyonecould,hewouldhardlybeabletoremainalive.
没有人能够毫无偏见地看待世界,若有的话,他将难以活下去.
Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.
1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料（surpass）
Theresultoftheexperimentfarsurpassedtheirexpectations.
2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题（takeaccountof）
Weshouldtakefullaccountofthecostoftheprojectandthedifficultieswemaymeet.
3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一（contributeto）
Thefineweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.
4.巴西球员球星罗纳尔多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球（spectacular）
Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrail,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsinthe2002WorldCup.
5.罗伯特•弗罗斯特（RobertFrost）由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位（confer…upon）
ManyhonorarydegreesfromdifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisgreatcontributionstopoetry.
6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力（emancipationfrom…）
Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.
7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去（instill）
Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents’minds.
8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正（impartiality）
Youshouldshowimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.
Unit11
Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.
1.Childrenenterschoolasquestionmarksandleaveasperiods.
Whentheystartschool,childrenarecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.Butafterseveralyearsschooleducation,theyendupgivi
升级会员 