The Comparison of the Landscape Architecture Arts of the Summer Palace and the Versailles PalaceWord文档格式.docx

The Comparison of the Landscape Architecture Arts of the Summer Palace and the Versailles PalaceWord文档格式.docx

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摘要

本文从凡尔赛宫和颐和园的异同入手，对比了不同社会背景和思想潮流以及文化熏陶下对于两个皇家园林建筑设计理念所造成的影响，分析了凡尔赛宫和颐和园的建筑历史背景和建筑概括，提出两座园林上所反映出来的皇家园林和宫殿建筑在建筑规划和形式上的共性，并比较凡尔赛宫和颐和园在园林建筑艺术上的差异。

这将有利于我们更清晰的了解到不同艺术风格产生的原因、发展和形成，而园林是它们所在时代文化与艺术的完美结合，是各地风土人情的不同展示，是历史留给当代世界的无价之宝，也会更好地站在自己的文化基点上来客观的评判这两种风格迥异的辉煌，客观的发掘和引用其他国家的艺术精华，进而借鉴他国园林的艺术表现手法来推动我国园林的进一步发展。

关键词:

颐和园；

凡尔赛宫；

园林艺术设计；

差异；

历史

ContentsTOC\o"

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Abstract:

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1.Introduction2

1.1TheHistoricalOriginandtheArchitecturalSummaryofPalaceofVersailles2

1.1.1TheHistorical0riginofPalaceofVersailles2

1.1.2TheArchitecturalSummaryofPalaceofVersailles3

1.2TheHistoricalOriginandtheArchitecturalSummaryoftheSummerPalace4

1.2.1TheHistoricalOriginoftheSummerPalace4

1.2.2TheArchitecturalSummaryoftheSummerPalace5

2.VersaillesandtheSummerPalaceArchitecturalPlanningandFormalCommonality6

2.1FreedomofChoice6

2.2EnormousConstructionScale7

2.3MagnificentBuildings8

2.4AbsorbtheCharacteristicsAround8

2.5SymbolofRoyalMeaning9

3.TheGardenArtStyleDifferencesofthePalaceofVersaillesandtheSummerPalace10

3.1ThePalaceofVersaillesStressestheRules,theSummerPalaceAttachesImportancetoNature11

3.1.1ThePalaceofVersaillesPursuitArtificialBeauty,RequiresNeatSymmetry11

3.1.2TheSummerPalacePursuitofNaturalBeauty,RequiresaNaturalTwistsandTurns12

3.2ThePalaceofVersaillesPerformtheBeautyFormofFreeandUnrestrained,theSummerPalaceReflectthePoeticMoodofthePoeticBeauty13

3.2.1ThePalaceofVersailles–BeautyFormofFreeandUnrestrained13

3.2.2TheSummerPalace-theArtisticBeautyofPoeticPainting14

3.3ThePalaceofVersaillesistheCityintheGarden,theSummerPalaceistheGardenintheCity15

3.3.1AparkintheParisCity,aTwistsandTurnsoftheCity15

3.3.2Beijing-aCityinthePark,aSquareoftheCity16

4.TheReasonsfortheDifferencesintheStyleoftheGarden16

4.1NaturalFactors17

4.2SocialFactors18

4.2.1TheImpactofthePoliticalSystem18

4.2.2TheImpactofSocialTraditionalCulture19

5.Conclusion20

1.Introduction

Intheformationofmanyfactorsinthegarden,theSummerPalaceandVersaillesbecauseofitscountry,geographicaldifferences,duetonaturalconditions,politicalbackgroundandsocialandculturaldifferencesandpresentsadifferentgardenlandscapeform.WhencomparingVersaillesandtheSummerPalace,firstofall,thehistoryofthetwogardensandthebasicbuildingshouldhaveamorecomprehensiveunderstanding.

1.1ThehistoricaloriginandthearchitecturalsummaryofPalaceofVersailles

1.1.1ThehistoricaloriginofPalaceofVersailles

PalaceofVersaillesislocatedinthesouthwestofParisontheoutskirtsoftheprovincialcapitalofFranceEvelyntownofVersailles,isoneofthefamouspalacesinParis,isoneoftheworld'

sfivelargestpalaces（TheImperialPalaceinBeijing,PalaceofVersaillesinFrance,BuckinghamPalace,theWhiteHouse,theKremlininRussia）.1979waslistedas“WorldCulturalHeritageList”.

TheareaofVersailleswasoriginallyaforestandswampwasteland.In1624,KingLouisXIIIbought117acresofwastelandatapriceof10,000livres,whereatwo-storeyredbrickbuildingwasbuiltusedasahuntingpalace.Onthesecondfloorthereareking'

soffice,bedroom,audiencechamber,coatroom,entouragebedroomandotherrooms,alayeroffurniturestorageroomandarsenal.Atthattimethepalacehas26rooms,nowithas2300rooms,67staircasesand5210piecesoffurniture.

Later,LouisXIVbeganin1661andlastedfor28years,tomakeeveryeffort,humanresourcesinitsreignof50years,thePalaceofVersailleseclecticdesignessenceofmanyFrenchartistsandarchitects,andaftertherenovationandexpansion,itbecomeEurope'

smostgrand,themostmagnificentpalace.ThenLouisXVandLouisXVIhaveaddednewcontenttothepalace,re-decoratedandintegratedallthearchitecturalstyles,Frenchclassical,Rococoandeventheneoclassicalarchitecturalstyleofeverythingthatoneexpectstofind.Thefinalstructureofthebuildingissimplyimmense,withmorethan700rooms,coveringanareaof51,000squaremeters.UntilOctober6,1789,LouisXVIhasbeenforcedtotheFrenchRevolutionintheParispeopletothecityofPariswaspushedtotheguillotinedecapitation.ThepalaceofVersaillesistheendofthehistoryoftheFrenchcourt.Afterthesubsequentrevolutionperiodofterror,theVersaillesPalacewasransackedmanytimesbythepeople,thepalacefurniture,murals,tapestries,chandeliersandfurnishingswerelooted,thepalacedoorsandwindowshavebeensmashedanddemolished.In1793,theremnantsofartandfurnitureinthepalaceofVersaillesweretransferredtoanotherarttreasuresinthecityofParis──theLouvreMuseumandVersaillesinruins.In1833,KingLouisPhilipoftheOrleansdynastyorderedtherestorationofthePalaceofVersailles.Sincethen,theNorthPalaceandtheImperialPalacefromthebottomofLouisPhilipchangedtoahistorymuseum,collectedalargenumberofpreciousportraits,sculptures,hugehistoricalpaintingsandotherarttreasures.

Today’sVersaillesPalaceisaworld-famoustouristattraction,withaconstantstreamofvisitors,withmorethantwomillionvisitorseachyearaftertheEiffelTowerintheheartofParis.Inadditiontothetour,theFrenchPresidentandotherleadersoftenmeetorinvitenationalheadsofstateanddiplomaticenvoys.

1.1.2ThearchitecturalsummaryofPalaceofVersailles

VersaillesPalaceisthepalaceofVersaillesandgardenscollectively,covering1.1million㎡,fromeasttowest,includingthreeparts:

trainingground,thepalaceareaandthegarden.

Thepalaceareaisagroupofclassical-stylebuildings,thecentralpalace,surroundedbyprincesandtheprincesofthepalace,andaristocraticresidenceandoffices,churches,operahousesandotherbuildings.Itwithmagnificentandsolemnimposingmanner,strictandcoordinatinglayout,andinteriordecorationisalsoelegant,withluxuriousandsplendidfurnishings.

Palaceareatothewestisalargeareaof​​thegarden.Fromthecenterofthepalacetothewestthereisalengthof3kilometerswideboulevard,constitutethecentralaxis,thegardenisroughlydistributedonbothsidesofthecentralaxis.Theeast-westboulevarddividesthegardenintomanyblockswithmanystraightcrossedtrees.Eachgardenissymmetricallydistributedindifferentgeometricshapesofdifferentsizesofthepool,fountain,statue,water,theater,aswellasthegreenlawnandaccordingtoavarietyofpatternsarrangedflowerbedsandwoods.Therearetrunksoftranquiltrees.Varietyofstatuesorstandingontheavenue,orbathedinafountain.Thewesternpartofthegarden,thecentralaxisfromtheboulevardintoalargeartificialriver,andinthemiddleoftheartificialriverthereisahorizontalartificialriver,twoartificialriversconstitutesacross-shaped,awildprofusionofvegetationtalltreeforestbesidetheriver.Intheintersectionofthemainaxisofthegardenandtheviceaxis,generallybuiltalargefountainpoolandvariousgodsofthestatuefromtheGreekandRomanmythsandlegends.VersaillesPalaceisnotonlytheappearanceofamagnificentfeeling,butalsoitsinteriorfurnishingsanddecorationsevenmoreartisticcharm,interiordecorationisextremelyelegantandluxuriousisalsoamajorfeatureofVersaillesPalace.

Theentireprocessused3,000constructionworkers,6000horses,andtheconstructionworkerstocompletethestoneworks,horsestocarrythings.Evenso,theconstructioncontinuedtotally47years,duringwhichtheplanninganddesignofthenon-stopchanges,showingthesupremeauthorityoftheFrenchkingandextremelyluxuriousliferequirements.Fromtheartisticperspective,themagnificentappearanceoftheVersaillesPalaceandthestrictrulesofthegardendesignunderthecultureofclassicalideasintheFrenchfeudalautocraticruleoftheheyday,becometherepresentativeoftheFrenchclassicalgarden.Afterthat,hundredsofyearsEuropeanroyalgardensalmostallfollowitsdesignideas,influencedthedevelopmentofEuropeangardens.

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