初中定语从句讲解及练习.docx
《初中定语从句讲解及练习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中定语从句讲解及练习.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
初中定语从句讲解及练习
初中定语从句讲解及练习
初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,
when、why
*关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句
*1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
*2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2)Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)*4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,
做宾语时可省略。
(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(2)Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)*5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
andapprovalpersonnelshallbestrictlyguidedbycreditpoliciesandrequirementsforreviewandapproval.Reviewapprovalthroughlogicalexamination,comparisonandverificationofpersonnelaswellastheirownexperienceinreviewandapprovaltoenhancetheauthenticityofthecreditinformationaudit.Forobviouserrors,contradictions,orunreasonableorunexplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Contentreviewandapprovalpersonnelshouldconducta
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
*具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1、只能使用that,不用which的情况:
*1)当先行词是:
all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
有什么可以为你做的吗,
Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。
*2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:
Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
*3)当先行词有:
theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。
例如:
Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
*4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who,以避免重复。
例如:
Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁,
*5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。
例如:
uctaunexplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Contentreviewandapprovalpersonnelshouldcondapprovaltoenhancetheauthenticityofthecreditinformationaudit.Forobviouserrors,contradictions,orunreasonableorthroughlogicalexamination,comparisonandverificationofpersonnelaswellastheirownexperienceinreviewandandapprovalpersonnelshallbestrictlyguidedbycreditpoliciesandrequirementsforreviewandapproval.Reviewapproval2
Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况:
*1)关系代词前有介词时;
e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.
*2)非限定性定语从句中;作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.
*3)先行词本身是that时;
e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
(非限)
Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
*4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。
Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
*关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.
=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
*像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
aplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Contentreviewandapprovalpersonnelshouldconductovaltoenhancetheauthenticityofthecreditinformationaudit.Forobviouserrors,contradictions,orunreasonableorunexthroughlogicalexamination,comparisonandverificationofpersonnelaswellastheirownexperienceinreviewandapprandapprovalpersonnelshallbestrictlyguidedbycreditpoliciesandrequirementsforreviewandapproval.Reviewapproval3
*1、when:
当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时,它只能作定语从句的时间状语,放在定语从句句首。
如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语,则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。
例如:
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.(=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。
IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。
Theday(that)Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。
(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语,that可以省略)
*2、where:
当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时,它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语,放在定语从句的句首。
如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时,也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。
例如:
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity
Thisistheroomwhere(,inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。
Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?
这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗,
Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。
Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。
(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语)
Thatisthefactory(that)theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。
(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语,that可以省略)
*注意:
不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如:
Don’tforgetthetime(that)I’vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
(that用作told的宾语)
I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
(when用作状语)
uctaunexplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Contentreviewandapprovalpersonnelshouldcondapprovaltoenhancetheauthenticityofthecreditinformationaudit.Forobviouserrors,contradictions,orunreasonableorthroughlogicalexamination,comparisonandverificationofpersonnelaswellastheirownexperienceinreviewandandapprovalpersonnelshallbestrictlyguidedbycreditpoliciesandrequirementsforreviewandapproval.Reviewapproval4
Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。
(that/which在从句中用作主语,且不能省略)
Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
(where作状语)
That’sthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。
(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)
That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。
(why在从句中作状语)
*英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。
如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke,
可改为Thisishowhespoke(how引导的是表语从句),
当然也可说成Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hespoke.(其中的that/inwhich可省略)
*另外,when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.
星期天是假日,(这天)人们不上班。
Hetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.
他把我们带进教室,那儿只有少数几个学生。
*在定语从句的使用中,oneof后面的名词是复数,这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词,用复数;而在oneof前面有the或theonly时,后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?
Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.
定语从句练习
一、请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
aplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Contentreviewandapprovalpersonnelshouldconductovaltoenhancetheauthenticityofthecreditinformationaudit.Forobviouserrors,contradictions,orunreasonableorunexthroughlogicalexamination,comparisonandverificationofpersonnelaswellastheirownexperienceinreviewandapprandapprovalpersonnelshallbestrictlyguidedbycreditpoliciesandrequirementsforreviewandapproval.Reviewapproval5
3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
uctaunexplainabledata,informationshouldbeindicatedinthereviewapproval.Content