大学语言学考试17章试题和答案.docx

大学语言学考试17章试题和答案.docx

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大学语言学考试17章试题和答案

12maximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant.itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda..Thecorrectsyllabificationofthewordcountryshouldbe

第一章，填空

1.Thestudyofthemeaningoflingusticwords,phrasesiscallesdemantics.

2.Displacementisadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawildrangeofthingsfreefrombarrierscausedby

4.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

5.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.

6.Chomskydefines“competencaes”theidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.

7.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinformativeinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.

8.Thelinkbetweenalinguisticsignanditsmeaningisamatterof

9.Languageisdistinguishedfromtrafficlightsinthattheformerhasthedesigningfeatureofduality.

10.Inlinguisticsresearch,bothquantityandqualityapproachesarepreferred.判断：

11.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech,thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday'shaveno√

idealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognize.×

13.Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.×

14.Chomsky'scompetence'andperformancearesimilarinmeaningtoSaussure'slangueandparole.√

15,Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors”√forlanguag

16.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforaofreasons.√

17.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.×chochronic共时的

18.LangueandparoleisthefundamentaldistinctiondiscussedbyChomskyinhisAspectsoftheTheoryof

distinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguisticsasParoleandlanguage√.

20.AccordingtoChomsky,thetaskofalinguististodeterminefromthedataofperformancetheunderlyingsystemofrulesthathasbeen√

选择:

1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalysethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobedescriptive

2.IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2000yearsago.Thisshowsthat

languagehasthedesignfeatureofdisplacement.

3.

thispirsesacnriepxtiavmerpuleleos.f

“Don'tendasentencewithapreposition.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostreferredtoasabranchofthestudyofmeaningin

5.Thesynchronicstudyoflanguagetakesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.

6.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalledpragmatics.

7.ThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageisA没照下图片arbitrary

8.Thedescriptiveofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisdaiachronicstudy.

9.题目没照下来。

答案为：

principles-and-parameterstheory

10.Chomskyusesthetermscompetencetorefertoactualrealizationofalanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguistic...

11.TransformationlGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.

12.题目没拍下来，答案morphology.

13.AccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhis

language.

14.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuilet”.

othernamewouldsmellassweet”wellcilolunsvteranteionalnature

15.没拍到overvariousperiodsoftime历时diachronic

16.Linguisticisthescientificstudyofhumanlanguageingenenral

17.Pragmaticsisastudyof（D）

A:

Languagelearning

B:

Languageacquisition

C:

Languageplanning

D:

Languageinuse

18.Alinguistisinterestedin（B）

A:

Whatissaid

B:

Whatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemantics

C:

Whatisgrammatical

D:

Whatoughttobesaid

19.hasbeenwidelyacceptedastehforefatherofmodernlinguistics（B）

A:

Chomsky

B:

Saussure

20.Thefactthatthewell-knownLiuSanJiefeaturesascenceof“dugie”（song

dueling）mostlyforthesheerjoyofplayingonfunctionoflanguage.（B）

A:

phaticcommunion

B.recreational

C:

emotive

D:

informative

21.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit（”B）is.

A:

informative

B:

phatic交流感情的

C:

directive

D:

performative

whichindicatesthatlanguageis_arbitrary（任意）

25.Thefunctionoflanguageisprimarilytouselanguagetotalkaboutlanguage

itself.（D）

A:

performative

B:

interpersonal

C:

informative

D:

meta-language

26.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandle___（B）

A:

arbitrarinessandcreativity

B:

generalizationsand⋯..

名词解释

1.Language

2.designfeatures

petence&performance

4.language&parole

5.Metalanguage

certainkindsoflinguisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.

简答题

2.Communicationcantakemanyforms,suchassign,speech,bodylanguageandfaciallanguage.Dobodylanguageandfaciallanguageexpressionshareorlackthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage

3.DoyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguisticsGiveyourreasons.

第二章

单词填空

1.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervoicedorvoiceless清音,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced.Voicing浊音

2.phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled有序规则Sequentialrules

（1）anddark

（1）areallophonesofthesameonephoneme,theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations.Thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementary

distribution.

transcriptiontranscribessoundswithdiacritics,whilebroadtranscriptiondoes

not.

essentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithanyobstructionwhenasoundisproduced.

foursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,.theyareallbilabial双唇音

1.insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi;p/,/geip/and/su;p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,.pronouncewithheldtosomeextent.

2.‘Beat”and“bit”arenotaminimalpair.F

3.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.T

4.theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmarkingthetwophonessimilar.T

5.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconsciencewithhowspeechso⋯T

6.whenapluralform–sisaddedtoanounthatendswithavowel,itispronouncedas{z},duetoassimilation.F

1.ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothe

sequentialrulesinEnglish.（A）

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

2.

intermsoftheplaceofarticulation.Thefollowingsounds{t}{d}{z}{s}{n}sharethe

A.palatal

B.Alveolar齿槽

C.bilabial

D.dental

3.whosecardinalvowelsystemisstillinuse（C）

A.A.J.Ellis

B.A.M.Bell

C.DanielJones

D.A.C.Gimson

4.whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabial双唇stop（A）

A[p]

B[m]

C[b]

D[t]

5.AccordingtoridiculeofEnglishorthographythenon-existentwordghoticanbepronouncedinthesamewayas.（C）

A.Goat

B.Hot

C.Fish

D.Foot

6.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionof[v]（B）

A.Voicelesslabiodentalfricative

B.Voicedlabiodentalfricative浊音唇齿摩擦

C.Voicelesslabiodentalstop

D.Voicedlabiodentalstop

7.isasoundproducedbybringingthetipofthetongueintocontactwiththe

upperteethtocreatetheobstruction.（A）

A.Analveolar齿槽音

B.Abilabial

C.Apalatal

D.Adental

8.isnotanEnglishconsonant.（A）

A.Labio-dentalplosive

B.Alveolarnasal

C.Velarstop

D.Dentalfricative

9.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,termsof

（A）

A.mannerofarticulation

B.Opennessofmouth

C.Placeofarticulation

D.Voicing

10.isnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglishphonology.（D）

A.Nasality

B.Voicing

C.Aspiration

D.Rounding

11.Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis

A.Random

B.Predictable

C.Variable

D.Independent

12.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

13.isnotasuprasegmentalfeature.（A）

A.Aspiration

B.Intonation

C.Stress

D.Tone

名词解释

International

Association

Phonology

Voicing

Vowel&consonant

Phonetic

Phoneme&allophone

Maximalonsetprinciple

分析

3.Analyzethedatabelow,andthenanswersomequestions.

A.fivepast[faivpa;st][faifpa;st]

B.Loveto[l^vt

C.Hasto

D.Ascanbeshown

E.Losefive-nil

F.Edgetoedge

（1）Whatrulesofphonologicalprocessesdoyoufind

（2）BycomparisonwithNasalizationrule:

[-nasal][+nasal]/[+nasal].Dentalization

rule:

[-dental][dental]/[dental],andVelarizationrule:

[-velar]

[+velar]/[+velar],canyougiveamoregeneraltermthatcoversalltherules

mentionedabove

2.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeature.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning

第三章

21.Freemorpheme

2.Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear.,definitemeaning,

3.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaksian,withthekprecedingthes.

Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknowamsetathesis（换位）

4.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecal