英语新题型5.doc

英语新题型5.doc

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Practicetest5

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheVirtualOffice

A）Twentyyearsfromnow,asmanyas25millionAmericans—nearly20percentoftheworkforce—willstretchtheboundariesbetweenhomeandworkfarbeyondthelinesdrawnnow.Technologyhasalreadysoacceleratedthepaceofchangeintheworkplacethatfewfuturistsarewillingtopredicthardnumbers.Butnearlyalltrend-trackersagreethatmuchofthenextcentury’sworkwillbedecentralized,doneathomeorinsatelliteofficesonascheduletailoredtofitworker’slivesandtheneedsoftheirfamilies.Eveninternationalboundariesmayblurastheeconomygoestrulyglobal.

B）Between1990and1998,telecommutingdoubledfromabout3percentto6percentoftheworkingpopulation—orabout8.2millionpeople.Thenumbersareexpectedtodoubleagaininfarlesstime,withasmuchas12percentofthepopulationtelecommutingbytheyear2005,saysCharlieGrantham,directoroftheInstitutefortheStudyofDistributedWorkinWindsor,California.

C）Wirelesscomputersandseamlesscommunicationssystemsarealreadyintheworksandfuelingthetrend.Thevideophoneisnotfaroff;anadvancethatmanyfuturistsbelievewillmakeevenmorecompaniescomfortablewithemployeesworkingfromhome.“Now,wecommunicateatthelevelofradio,”saysGeraldCelente,authorofTrends2000anddirectorofTheTrendsResearchInstituteofRhinebeck,NewYork.E-mailandthetelephoneareprimitive,heargues,andmakepeoplefeelcutofffromco-workers.Butonceeveryonecanseeeachotheronthescreen,long-distancerelationshipswillfeelmoreintimate.

D）Whatabouttheoffice?

“Today’sofficesareadirectdescendantofthefactory,”saysGilGordon,aconsultantbasedinMonmouthJunction,NewJersey,whohasspentnearlytwodecadesadvisingcompaniesonhowtoinstitutetelecommutingandmoreflexibleworkpatterns.“Theymaybebetterlighted,butthey’remuchthesame.”Still,Gordondoesnotthinktheofficebuildingwillvanishaltogether.Rather,theofficeof2020willbejustoneplaceforfocusedworkthatrequirestruecollaboration.Itwillalsobeakeysiteforsocializingandcementingtherelationshipsthatkeepabusinessgoing.

E）Physically,however,itmaylookquitedifferent.Thetypicalofficetodayallocatesabout80percentofthespacetoofficesandcubicles,withtherestgivenovertoformalmeetingrooms,Gordonsays.Thatwillsoonchangeto20percentforindividualworkstationsand40percentfor“touch-downspaces”tolandinbutnottomoveinto.WemaysitstillonlylongenoughtocheckE-mailandaccessdata.Gordonpredictstheremaining40percentofspacewillbedevotedtositesusedbyteamsandgroups,includingconferencerooms.Buttheywillnotlookliketoday’sdullconferencerooms.Instead,manywillbedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.

F）It’salsolikelythatcompanieswillsharespace.Insteadofmorehigh-riseofficetowers,therewillbemoremulti-usecenterssharedbyseveralfirms.“Youwillcallaheadandreserveaspaceandcheck-intime,andakindofconcierge（前台接待）willassignyouaspotandmakesurethat,asofsevena.m.thatday,yourphoneringsthere.”Withallthismobility,employeesmaylongforasenseofbelonging.Transitionalworkspacesmaybecomemoreindividualized,accordingtoGordon.“Alightedpanelmaydisplaypicturesofyourfamily,yourdogoryoursailboat.”FuturistLisaAldisert,aseniorconsultantwithaNewYork-basedtrendsanalysisfirm,suggeststhat,throughsophisticatedmicrochipapplications,arovingemployeewillbeablewiththeflickofaswitchtoalterwallcolorsandroomtemperaturetofithermood.

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NewWorkRelationships

G）Thebenefitsofthesechanges,forbothworkersandcompanies,arealreadyevidenttomany.Compellingstudieshaveconvincedmanycompaniesthattelecommutingisaplusforthebottomline.Aetna,forexample,findsthatthepeoplewhoprocessitsclaimsproduceabout20percentmorewhentheyworkoutsideoftheoffice.Whatwillsomeothersideeffectsbe?

Noonecanguessyetjusthowthelegalrelationshipsbetweenworkersandemployerswillchange.Manyworkersmaymovefromasalarysystemtoanindependentcontractorsystem.Ortheymaysignonwithdifferentclientsonaproject-by-projectbasis.Companiesmightcontinuetoprovidebenefitstomanyworkerstoassuretheirloyalty.Inanycase,companieswillstilltrytofindwaystofosterasenseofidentitywiththeirproductsandservices.Todotheirbest,workerswillstillneedtofeelpartofateam,saysLeslieFaught,presidentofWorkingSolutions,awork/lifebenefitcompanybasedinPortland,Oregon.

H）Somefuturistsalsonotethattechnologymaychangethehierarchyofmostworkplaces.Infact,workmaybecomemuchmoredemocratic,ascompaniessharemoreinformationtogetthejobdone.Introducingsoftwaretostreamlinecommunicationswithinacompany,forexample,canalsomeanallowingaccesstoinformationthatwasformerlyheldbyoneortwopeople.Thatcanbethreateningtosomemanagersatfirst,butmanychangetheirminds,oncetheyseehowmuchbetterworkingrelationshipscanbe.“Oncetheygetonboard,manymanagersrealizetheirownlivesarebettertoo,”saysKathyKingoftheOregonOfficeofEnergywhosejobistopromotetelecommunicatingfromanenvironmentalstandpoint.

NewSocialLife

I）AgrowingnumberofAmericanworkershavealreadyhadatasteofthefuture.LeslieFaught“talks”viaE-mailwithcustomersandpartnersscatteredacrossSouthAmerica,CanadaandAsia.Shesaysbeingabletoseethemviavideophoneandworkwiththemviainteractivecomputerwillonlystrengthenpersonalconnectionsshehasalreadyforged.Nonetheless,beingpartofavirtualcommunitywillneverentirelyreplacetheneedforin-personconnectionsrighthereathome.That’swhyworkersofthefuturewillalsoflocktosatelliteworkcentersintheirneighborhoods.Manywillhaveamenities（福利生活区）—providedbycompaniesorentrepreneurs—thatbringpeopletogether,astheyusedtogatheraroundthewater-cooler.It’salreadyeasytoseeprototypesinplaceslikeSeattle,whereKinko’sandTully’sCoffeearenextdoor,andpeoplebounceinandoutwhiletheydobothworkandcommunityprojects.

J）Attheheartofallthesechanges,saysGilGordon,isthefactthatwehavefinallybeguntoseparatetheideaofworkfromtheplacewherewedoit.Andthatwillmakeblendingworkandfamilyaloteasierformanypeople.LikeJaneHansonandherhusband,manyfamilieswillfindlifelesshecticandmoreintegrated.

46.Since1990,thenumberoftelecommuters（peoplewhoworkfromhome,usingequipmentsuchasphones,faxmachines,andmodemstocontacttheircolleaguesandcustomers）hasbeenonthesharpincrease.

47.Officesinthefuturetendtolookdifferentandservedifferentpurposes;theywillmostlikelybedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.

48.Intheyearstocome,theofficebuildingsmaynotdisappear;they’llstaytherejustforfocusedworkandserveasasiteforsocializing.

49.Itappearsthatflexibleinworkpatterns,telecommutersaremostlikelytobemoreproductivethantheiroffice-basedcounterparts.

50.Futuristsbelievethatoncetheexecutivesrealizethepotentialbenefits,theywouldnotonlywelcomebutpromotethosechangesinworkplacesaswell.

51.Withallthesepossiblechangesinworkplaceorworkpatterns,peoplemayfinditeasiertodevelopaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenworkandfamilylife.

52.Futuristspredictthattherewillspringupmanymulti-usecentersharedbyseveralcompanies.

53.Inthe21stcentury,therapiddevelopmentofhightechandgrowingtrendtowardstheglobalizationofeconomyhasbeenbringingabouttrulydramaticchangesinthechoiceofworkplaceandeventhetraditionalconceptaboutinternationalboundaries.

54.Asameansofcommunication,E-mailandtelephonemaybeconsideredtobeprimitive.

55.Regardlessofotherworkplacechanges,employeeswillstillneedtofeelpartofateaminordertodotheirbest.

Translation

Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

欢乐兴致是会传染的

正如歌里唱的那样:

“你喜笑颜开的时候，整个世界都与你同声欢笑。

”今天一篇发表在医学杂志上的论文作出这样的结论:

欢乐兴致是会传染的，人们甚至能把快活的欢呼声，传送给素不相识的陌生人。

随着skype、twitter、脸谱之类的社交网络的兴起，我们可以断言，互联网同样能产生这种效应。

这类科技更增进了你与朋友的交往，所以它应该能保留我们所观察到的那种情绪感染效应。

心情快活的人，往往处于社交网络的中心，拥有许多心情也同样快活的朋友。

快活情绪是以三度叠加的方式向外——向朋友们的朋友的朋友扩散。

获得一大笔外快，可以增加你获得快感的几率，但有限得很——比起你从结交一位乐天好友而获得快感的几率，明显要差多了。

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。