英语新题型7.doc

英语新题型7.doc

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Practicetest7

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

WhyMenandWomenCan’tCommunicate

byDeborahTannen

A）Amanandawomanwereseatedinacarthathadbeencirclingthesameareaforahalfhour.Thewomanwassaying,“Whydon’twejustasksomeone?

”Themanwassaying,notforthefirsttime,“I’msureit’saroundheresomewhere.I’lljusttrythisstreet.”

B）Whyaresomanymenreluctanttoaskdirections?

Whyaren’twomen?

Andwhycan’twomenunderstandwhymendon’twanttoask?

Theexplanation,forthisandforcountlessminorandmajorfrustrationsthatwomenandmenencounterwhentheytalktoeachother,liesinthedifferentwaysthattheyuselanguage—differencesthatbeginwithhowgirlsandboysuselanguageaschildren,growingupindifferentworlds.

C）Anthropologists,sociologistsandpsychologistshavefoundthatlittlegirlsplayinsmallgroupsorinpairs;theyhaveabestfriend,withwhomtheyspendalotoftimetalking.It’sthetellingofsecretsthatmakesthembestfriends.Theylearntouselanguagetonegotiateintimacy—tomakeconnectionsandfeelclosetoeachother.Boys,ontheotherhand,tendtoplaycompetitivegamesinlargergroups,whicharehierarchical.High-statusboysgiveorders,andlow-statusboysarepushedaround.Soboyslearntouselanguagetopreserve

independenceandnegotiatetheirstatus,tryingtoholdcenterstage,challengeandresistchallenges,displayknowledgeandverbalskill.

D）Thesedivergent（有分歧的）assumptionsaboutthepurposeoflanguagepersistintoadulthood,wheretheylieinwaitbehindcross-genderconversations,readytoleapoutandcausepuzzlementorgrief.Inthecaseofaskingfordirections,thesameinterchangeisexperienceddifferentlybywomenandmen.Fromawoman’sperspective,youaskforhelp,yougetit,andyougettowhereyou’regoing.Afleetingconnectionismadewithastranger,whichisfundamentallypleasant.Butamanisawarethatbyadmittingignoranceandaskingforinformation,hepositionshimselfone-downtosomeoneelse.Farfrompleasant,thisishumiliating.Soitmakessenseforhimtopreservehisindependenceandself-esteematthecostofalittleextratraveltime.

E）Hereisanotherscenefromthedramaofthedifferencesinmen’sandwomen’swaysoftalking.Awomanandamanreturnhomefromwork.Shetellseverythingthathappenedduringtheday:

whatshedid,whomshemet,whattheysaid,whatthatmadeherthink.Thensheturnstohimandasks,“Howwasyourday?

”Hesays,“Sameoldratrace.”Shefeelslockedout:

“Youdon’ttellmeanything.”Heprotests,“Nothinghappenedatwork.”Theyhavedifferentassumptionsaboutwhat’s“anything”totell.Toher,tellinglife’sdailyeventsandimpressionsmeansshe’snotaloneintheworld.Suchtalkistheessenceofintimacy—evidencethatsheandherpartnerarebestfriends.Sinceheneverspenttimetalkinginthiswaywithhisfriends,bestorotherwise,hedoesn’texpectit,doesn’tknowhowtodoit,anddoesn’tmissitwhenitisn’tthere.

F）Anothersourceofmutualfrustrationisthedifferenceinwomen’sandmen’sassumptionsabout“troublestalk.”Shebeginstotalkaboutaproblem;heoffersasolution;shedismissesit,withpique（赌气）.Hefeelsfrustrated:

“Shecomplains,butshedoesn’twanttodoanythingtosolveherproblems.”Indeed,whatshewantstodoaboutitistalk.Sheisfrustratedbecausehissolutioncutsshortthediscussion,andimpliessheshouldn’tbewastingtimetalkingaboutit.

G）Thefemalesearchforconnectionandthemaleconcernwithhierarchyisevidenthere,too.Whenawomantellsanotherwomanaboutaproblem,herfriendtypicallyexplorestheproblem（“Andthenwhatdidhesay?

”“Whatdoyouthinkyoumightdo?

”）;expressesunderstanding（“Iknowhowyoufeel”）;oroffersasimilarexperience（“It’slikethetimeI……）Alltheseresponsesexpresssupportandbringthemcloser.Butofferingasolutionpositionstheproblem-solverasone-up.Thisasymmetry（非对称）isdistancing,justtheoppositeofwhatshewasafterinbringingupthediscussion.

H）Asimilarmismatchofexpectationsoccurswhenawomancomplainsaboutherboss,andamantriestobehelpfulbyexplainingtheboss’pointofview.Sheperceivesthisasanattack,andalackofloyaltytoher.Onemantoldme,incredulously,“Mygirlfriendjustwantstotalkaboutherpointofview.”Hefeelsthatofferingopposingviewsisobviouslyamoreconstructiveconversationalcontribution.Butconversationsamongwomenareusuallycharacterizedbymutualsupportandexploration.Alternativeviewsmaybeintroduced,buttheyarephrasedassuggestionsandquestions,notasdirectchallenges.Thisisoneofthemanywaysthatmenvalueoppositionalstances,whereaswomenvalueharmoniousones.

I）Awomanwashurtwhensheheardherhusbandtellingtheguestsatadinnerpartyaboutanincidentinvolvinghisbossthathehadn’ttoldher.Shefeltthisprovedthathehadn’tbeenhonestwhenhe’dsaidnothinghappenedatwork.Buthedidn’tthinkofthisexperienceasastorytotelluntilheneededtocomeupwithmaterialtoputhimselfforwardatthedinnerparty.

J）Thus,itisn’tthatwomenalwaystalkmore,whilemenaretaciturn（沉默寡言的） andsuccinct（简约的）.Womentalkmoreathome,sincetalk,forthem,isawayofcreatingintimacy.Sincemenregardtalkasameanstonegotiatestatus,theyoftenseenoneedtotalkathome.Buttheytalkmorein“public”situationswithpeopletheyknowlesswell.Atameeting,whenquestionsaresolicited（要求）fromthefloor,itisalmostalwaysamanwhospeaksfirst.Whenthephonesareopenedonaradiotalkshow,thevastmajorityofcallsarefrommen,whoaremorelikelytospeakatlength,givingintroductionstotheirquestions（iftheyhaveany）andaddressingmultipletopics.

K）Generalizingaboutgroupsofpeoplemakesmanyofusnervous.Weliketothinkofourselvesasuniqueindividuals,notrepresentativesofstereotypes.Butitismoredangeroustoignorepatternsthantoarticulatethem.

L）Ifwomenandmenhavedifferentwaysoftalking（andmyresearch,andthatofothers,showsthattheydo）,thenexpectingustobethesameleadstodisappointmentandmutualaccusation.Unawareofconversationalstyledifferences,wefallbackonmutualblame:

“Yougoonandonaboutnothing.”“Youdon’tlistentome.”Realizingthatapartner’sbehaviorisnothisorherindividualfailing,butanormalexpressionofgender,liftsthisburdenofblameanddisappointment.Surprisingly,yearstogethercanmakethemutualfrustrationworse,ratherthanbetter.After57yearsofmarriage,myparentsarestillgrappling（争斗）withthedifferentstylesIhavedescribed.WhenmymotherreadmybookYouJustDon'tUnderstandWomenandMen,shesaid,“Youmeanitisn’tjustDaddy?

Ialwaysthoughthewastheonlyone.”Understandinggenderdifferencesinwaysoftalkingisthefirststeptowardchanging.Notknowingthatpeopleoftheothergenderhavedifferentwaysoftalking,anddifferentassumptionsabouttheplaceoftalkinarelationship,peopleassumetheyaredoingthingsrightandtheirpartnersaredoingthingswrong.Thennooneismotivatedtochange;ifyourpartnerisaccusingyouofwrongbehavior,changingwouldbetantamount（等于的）toadmittingfault.Butwhentheythinkofthedifferencesascross-cultural,peoplefindthattheyandtheirpartnersarewilling,eveneager,tomakesmalladjustmentsthatwillpleasetheirpartnersandimprovetherelationship.

46.Accordingtospecialists,girlstendtouselanguagetomakeconnectionswhileboys,ontheotherhand,areapttouselanguagetopreserveindependenceandbuildupprestige.

47.Womentendtoregardtalkingasawayofcreatingintimacywhilemenoftenuselanguageasameanstoenhancestatus.

48.Unabletoreachthedestination,thewomanwouldliketoaskfordirectionswhereasthemanwouldrathernot.

49.Failuretoseethedifferencesinconversationalstylesbetweenmenandwomenwillleadtodisappointmentandmutualaccusation.

50.Offeringasolutionputstheproblem-solverinasuperiorposition.

51.Agoodunderstandingofgenderdifferencesinwaysoftalkingmighteventuallyleadtoimprovedrelationshipsbetweenhusbandandwife.

52.Sofarastheuseoflanguageisconcerned,girlsandboysaregrowingupindifferentworlds.

53.Menthinkofofferingopposingviewsasmoreconstructivewhilewomensimplyprefersupportiveresponsetoalternativeviews.

54.Usually,whenawomanstartstotalkaboutaproblem,sheisexpectingtohaveagoodlistenerbutthemanisjusteagertoprovideasolution.

55.Mostmenarereluctanttoaskfordirectionsbecausethemaleegopreventsthemfromadmittingignoranceandaskingforinformation.

Translation

Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

80后“啃老族”

最近，针对80后“啃老”现象展开了一项网络调查。

结果显示:

有62%的80后年轻人，承认2年内“啃过老”；有54%的人，预期今后3年内还会继续啃老。

收入低〈年薪多在5万元之下）、物价高、买房压力大，看来是80后“啃老”“名正言顺”的理由。

但记者调查发现，除了频繁跳槽导致经济困顿外，过度消费、盲目使用信用卡、不会理财，也是80后“啃老”的重要原因。

专业人士建议，80后年轻人要养成良好的理财习惯，杜绝信用卡盲目透支;工作“跳槽”也应三思而后行；“跳槽”之前，至少要备足半年的“钱粮”以防“被动啃老”。

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。