人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 十七 必修4 Unit 2文档格式.docx

人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 十七 必修4 Unit 2文档格式.docx

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Besidestheobviouspotentialforspreadingdiseasestohumans,animalsandcrops,therearealsohiddendangers.

Microorganismsareinvisibletothenakedeye,sowetendtoignorethemanddon’tnecessarilyappreciatetheirroleinhowtheplanetoperates.Bacteriaareveryimportanttobiogeochemistry—thecyclingofnutritionandotherchemicalsthroughecosystems.Forinstance,beforehumansinventedawaytomakefertilizerindustrially,everysinglenitrogen（氮）atominourproteinsandDNAhadtobechemicallycaughtbyabacterialcellbeforeitcouldbetakeninbyplantsandthenenterthehumanfoodchain.Theoxygenwebreatheislargelymadebymicroorganismsintheoceansratherthanmainlybyrainforests,asisoppositetocommonbelief.

Oureffectsonbacteriahavethepotentialtochangethesebasicbacterialfunctions.Itisvitaltogainabetterunderstandingofhowhumansareaffectingmicroorganisms’distribution,theirabundance,andtheirlife-keepingprocesses.Althoughbacteriaareinvisible,weoverlookthematourownrisk.

【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了细菌的作用,以及很多细菌成了濒危物种。

1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebacteriaaccordingtothetext?

A.Theirpopulationisbecominglarger.

B.Someofthemmaybecomeendangeredspecies.

C.Theyonlycausegreatthreattoothercreatures.

D.Muchattentionhasbeendrawntotheirresearches.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段内容可知一些细菌也成为了濒危物种。

2.Whatwasthefirststepofthecyclingofanitrogenatombeforeenteringourbody?

A.Beingcaughtbyabacterialcell.

B.Enteringthehumanfoodchain.

C.Beingtransportedbyhumans.

D.Beingtakeninbyplants.

【解析】选A。

由第五段everysinglenitrogenatominourproteinsandDNAhadtobechemicallycaughtbyabacterialcellbeforeitcouldbetakeninbyplantsandthenenterthehumanfoodchain.可知氮原子在进入我们的身体之前,首先要被细菌细胞抓住。

3.Whereisthemajorityofoxygenproducedaccordingtothetext?

A.Inthehumanfoodchain.　B.Intherainforest.

C.Inthemountains.D.Intheoceans.

【解析】选D。

由第五段Theoxygenwebreatheislargelymadebymicroorganismsintheoceansratherthanmainlybyrainforests,asisoppositetocommonbelief.可知大部分氧气是由海洋中的微生物产生的。

4.Whichpartofthenewspaperisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Scienceandtechnology.

B.Healthandmedicine.

C.Agricultureandanimals.

D.Environmentandenergy.

推理判断题。

这篇文章主要讲了细菌的作用,以及很多细菌成了濒危物种,所以这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的科技板块。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

Despitetheirvastnumbers,littleresearchhasbeendonetounderstandtheimpactthatmodernhumanpracticeshaveonthesetinyorganisms,whichhaveanimportantinfluenceonmanyaspectsofourlives.

翻译:

尽管它们数目众多,但是很少有调查去研究现在人们的行为会对这些微小的生物的影响,而这会对我们人类生活的很多方面起着至关重要的作用。

分析:

本句的主干是littleresearchhasbeendonetounderstandtheimpact,that引导限定性定语从句修饰前面的impact,which引导非限定性定语从句修饰前面整个句子。

B

Ourmotherearthisgoingthroughaverytoughsituationandwe,theentirehumanrace,aredestroyingourenvironmentorunconsciouslywithoutevenrealizingitsconsequences.Nowwehavetoactverysmartlyandplansomethingtosustainwhatwestillhave,gettingallnecessarysupportfromnaturetoleadhealthylives.

Gardeningisalwaysanexcellentandenvironmentallyfriendlyidea.Ifyoucangoforsustainablegardening,thenitwillbeevenmoreusefulforall.Gardeningisafavoritehobbyformany.Itistimetochannelizeyourhobbytowardsamoremeaningfulmotivation.

Whenwedogardeningweneedtousedifferentingredientstogrowplants.Someofthemarenaturalresourceslikewater,soil,sunshine,andmanythingslikethese.Usingtheseresourcessmartlyisapartofsustainablegardening.Somesimpletechniquesinclude:

uselesswaterandorganicthingstogrowplants;

trytostorerainwatersothatyoucanusethemforgardening;

tryusinglessenergytodrivedevices;

avoidusingplasticsinanyformwhilegardening;

reusetheleavesfromyourgardentofertilizethem.Thesearethebasicsustainablemeasures.Todosoweneedtohaveproperknowledgeaboutgardeninganditsrequirementssothatwecanuseproperresourceswithoutwastinganyofthem.

Intoday’sbusylifewedon’tgetmuchtimetospendonourenvironment.Gardeninggivesusachancetodoso.Wecanalsohavesomepesticide-freeandfreshfoodifwegrowtheminourgarden.Thisistherighttimetodosomegoodtoprotectourownenvironmentandgardeningisoneoftheeasiestways.Doyouwanttostartgardening,butyou’renotsurehow?

Clickhere:

http:

//www.gardenhowto.com.

【文章大意】本文重点介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺,不浪费资源,不产生对环境有害的物质,从而保护地球。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“channelize”inParagraph2referto?

A.Cause.　B.Transform.　C.Direct.　D.Associate.

【解析】选C。

词义猜测题。

本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道,频道”,根据后半句towardsamore...可知,channelize为“指导,导向”的意思,故选C。

6.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasustainablemeasure?

A.Usingadvancedelectricalmachines.

B.Avoidingfertilizers.

C.Wateringplantswithcollectedrainwater.

D.Clearingawaytheleaves.

根据第三段trytostorerainwatersothatyoucanusethemforgardening可知,使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物,是属于可持续发展的措施,故选C。

7.Whatisthebenefitofsustainablegardening?

A.Itrequireslittlewater.

B.Itneedsnofertilizer.

C.Itbreaksupplastics.

D.Itdoesn’twasteanyresource.

根据第三段Todosoweneedtohaveproperknowledgeaboutgardeninganditsrequirementssothatwecanuseproperresourceswithoutwastinganyofthem.可知,用这样的方法,可以合理利用资源,不浪费资源,故选D。

8.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anewspaper.　　B.TheInternet.

C.Aguidebook.　　D.Asciencereport.

根据最后一段Clickhere:

//www.gardenhowto.com.可知,本文来源于网站,故选B。

【知识拓展】难句解读

Todosoweneedtohaveproperknowledgeaboutgardeninganditsrequirementssothatwecanuseproperresourceswithoutwastinganyofthem.

要想做到这一点,我们需要对园艺和它的要求有所了解,只有这样我们才能做到不浪费资源,合理利用资源。

本句是sothat引导的目的状语从句,主句中Todoso为目的状语。

Ⅱ.完形填空

　　Isn’titamazinghowyouneverhavetowateryourweedsornurture（培育）themandtheystillgiveyouanunwantedcrop?

Icanrememberasayoungboymygrandfathershowedmehowto　1　thisannoyingweedcalledBermudagrass.Itwas　2　stuffanditwouldreally　3　ifyoudidn’tgetitoutbythe　4　. 

WhenmywifeandIboughtourfirsthomeabout8yearsago,whatIhadtodealwiththisisthiscertainpartweeds　5　totheBermudagrass,whichwouldalsospreadwildly. 

Aftergettingtheinsideofourhome　6　,itwastimetoworkontheoutside.OnmyhandsandkneesI　7　—attackedtheweedswithasmallhandspadegettingeachone　8　bytheroots. 

JustthisSpringIrealizedthatoneparticularweedwasnolonger　9　butanotheronewasinfull　10　.Soagain,Igotdownonmyhandsandkneesandgottowork　11　themfrommyyard.WhenIwas　12　,myyardwasbetteroff. 

Sometimesourlifecanbesosimilar.Weallhaveweedsinourlife.Theseweedscanbechallenges,setbacks,or　13　beliefs,andthelistcanbe　14　. 

Whendealingwiththeseweedsof　15　,the　16　istogettotherootofthemandremovethemonebyoneoutandeventuallyyouwill　17　thisround.Andwhenanothercropofweeds　18　,dealwiththemdirectly　19　theyspread,becausenowthatyouknowwhattodowiththembygettingtotherootofit,itwillgiveyoumorecourageand　20　thenexttimeaproblemarisesup. 

【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类短文阅读。

文章主要讲述了作者自己铲除杂草的经历,引申到我们如何铲除我们人生中的杂草。

1.A.eatup　　　　　　　B.digup

C.breakupD.putup

根据后句Itwas_________stuffanditwouldreally_________ifyoudidn’tgetitoutbythe_________.提示可知祖父给我示范如何铲除一种叫百慕大草的讨厌杂草。

digup把……挖出来,铲除,符合语境。

2.A.powerfulB.poisonous

C.sensitiveD.terrible

根据前句中的thisannoyingweed“讨厌的杂草”可知,这种草是一种很可怕的（terrible）东西。

3.A.spreadB.succeed

C.withdrawD.compromise

根据后句ifyoudidn’tgetitout,可知如果你不斩草除根,它就会逐渐蔓延（spread）开来。

4.A.leavesB.hands

C.spadesD.roots

根据后文attackedtheweedswithasmallhandspadegettingeachone_________bytheroots.直接找到答案,这里指斩草除根（root）。

5.A.attractiveB.similar

C.fundamentalD.unknown

根据后句whichwouldalsospreadwildly.提示可知,这一大片杂草简直可以与那时候的百慕大草相似（similar）。

6.A.countedB.mended

C.appreciatedD.settled

根据后句itwastimetoworkontheoutside.该清理外面了。

可知我们处理（settle）好屋子的内部。

7.A.energeticallyB.unsuccessfully

C.curiouslyD.thankfully

根据前句OnmyhandsandkneesI可知,作者很积极地铲草。

句意:

我跪在地上不知疲倦地（energetically）,用一个小手铲把所有的杂草连根除掉。

8.A.insideB.out

C.offD.across

根据前文Itwas_________stuffanditwouldreally_________ifyoudidn’tgetitoutbythe_________.提示可以直接选出答案。

这里指作者用小铲将每一根杂草连根拔掉。

getsth.out把事物弄出来,即拔起。