浙江专用届高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作训练专题三概要写作.docx

浙江专用届高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作训练专题三概要写作.docx

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浙江专用届高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作训练专题三概要写作

专题三概要写作

Writing1

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

YesterdayMattwassick.IpickedupArchiefromthesitterandEloisefromschoolanddecidedtoruntoTargetforafewthings.Ihadhopedtobeinandoutquickly.

Ifoundalinewithjustonepersonaheadofmeandbeganorganizingmyitemsontheconveyor.Afterplacingmyitems，Ilookeduptoseethatthepersonaheadofmewasanelderlywoman.Shewaspayingforheritemswithchangeandwantedtopurchaseeachseparately.Iwasfrustratedwiththiswomanandtheinconvenienceshehadplacedonme.

ButthenIwatchedtheyoungemployeewiththiswoman.Iwatchedhimhelphercountherchange，eversosoftlytakingitfromhershakinghands.Whensheaskedifshehadenoughtobuyareusablebag，hetoldhershedidandwenttwolinesovertogetoneforherandthenrepackagedheritems.Neveroncewasthisemployeeangry.Hewasnothingbutpatientandkind.

AsIwaswatchinghim，IsawthatEloisewastoo.Shewasstandingnexttothewoman，watchingtheemployeecountthechange.IrealizedIhadn’tbeeninconveniencedatall.Thatmydaughterwasinsteadwitnessingkindnessandpatienceandbeingtaughtthisvaluablelessonbyacompletestranger.

Whenthewomanwasfinished，theemployeebeganringingupmyitemsandthankedmeformypatience.Ithenthankedhimforteachinguspatienceandkindnessbyhistreatmentofthatelderlywoman.WhenhewasfinishedIpushedmycartthroughthestoretryingtofindthemanager.Iwantedhertoknowoftheemployee’skindnessandpatienceandhowmuchitmeanttome.Aftertrackingherdownandsharingthestorywithher，weleftTargetwithacartfullofconsumableitems，butwhatismore，aheartfullofgratitudeforsuchaninvaluablelesson.

IfyouareeverintheGlendaleTarget，giveIshmaelasmileandanod.Theworldcouldusemorepeoplelikehim.

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【写作指导】

要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：

（1）谁做了什么？

（2）结果如何？

如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：

作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。

【参考范文】

Thepassagetellsusanexperienceofshopping.（要点1）Oneday，theauthorwithtwochildrenwenttoTargetforshopping.（要点2）Whilewaitinginline，shefoundanoldladywastroublesome，buttheyoungemployeetreatedherpatiently.（要点3）Seeingthat，theauthorwastouchedbyhiskindnessandpatienceandshethoughtherchildrenwouldlearnalotfromthisexperience.（要点4）

Writing2

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Sugarsarepopularintheprocessedfoodindustrybecausetheyaddtaste，colourandthicknesstofoodproducts.Thestudieshaveshownthatsugarscanprovideasourceofenergy.Thebodybreaksdownthesugarintosimpleformsthatcanbereadilyusedinthebody.Buttoomuchsugarcancontributetohealthproblemslikeobesityandtoothdisease.

Havingtoomuchsugarisnottheonlyreasonforobesityorbeingoverweight，butitdoesaddtotheamountofkilojoulesinfood.Eatingtoomuchofanyfood，withoutdoingenoughexercise，willcauseyoutobecomeoverweight.

GovernmentsintheUnitedStatesandUnitedKingdomarewagingawaronsugarintheinterestsofpublichealth.Bothcountriesclaimthattheoverconsumptionofsugarbymuchofthepopulationisharmfultopeople’shealth.OnThursday，theU．S.governmentissuednewdietaryguidelinesthatstronglyrecommendpeoplereceivelessthan10percentoftheirdailycalorieintakefromaddedsugar.Onthesameday，BritishPrimeMinisterDavidCameronsaidhehasnotruledouttheideaofataxonsugartoencourageconsumerstobuyfoodwithreducedlevelsofthesweet.PoliticiansintheU．K.aredebatinghowareductionintheintakeofsugarcouldhelpreduceBritain’srisingratesofobesity.

TheAmericanandBritishgovernmentsbothrefertoastudyconductedinMexicothatshowedataxonsugary，carbonateddrinksledtoareductioninconsumption.ThetaxwascarriedoutonJanuary1，2014andpurchasesofthetaxeddrinkswentdownby12percentbyDecemberofthatyear.Salesofmineralwaterincreasedby4percentoverthesameperiod.Analternativetotaxingsugareddrinksistoreducethelevelofsugarinthem.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityinLondonsaythatreducingthesugarcontentinsugar－sweeteneddrinksby40percentoverfiveyearscouldpreventonemillioncasesofobesityintheU．K.Researcherssaypeoplemightnotevennoticethechanges.

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【写作指导】

本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人体摄入过多糖分会影响健康。

英国和美国政府都号召人们不要摄入过多糖分，甚至考虑通过增收糖税来减少糖的食用。

读懂原材料是写好概要的关键，在理解原文的基础上，用尽可能简洁的语言集中概括原文的主要观点及思想，但不能简单重复原文，同时，对各要点的概括要详略得当，结构严谨，表达明确，语义准确简练，避免空泛、含混之词。

【参考范文】

Sugarisusefulforourbody，buttoomuchsugardoesharmtoourhealth，whichprobablyleadstohealthproblems.（要点1）Asforthis，governmentsintheUnitedStatesandUnitedKingdomcallonpeoplenottotakeintoomuchsugar.（要点2）BritishPrimeMinisterevenplannedtoputataxonsugar.（要点3）Astudyshowedthatthetaxonsugarhelpedreducetheconsumptionofsugar.（要点4）Researchersalsothinkreducingthesugarcontentslightlywouldnotbenoticed.（要点5）

Writing3

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Dietershavelongswornthatgrapefruithelpsthemloseweight.TheGrapefruitDiet，alsocalledtheHollywoodDiet，datesbacktothe1930sandhasahostofcelebrityfansincludingsingerKylieMinogue.Itinvolveshavinggrapefruitorgrapefruitjuicewitheverymealwhilecuttingbackoncalories.

Now，scientistsarebeginningtobelievethem.

Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkinggrapefruitjuicewheneatingfattyfoodlowerstheamountofweightputonbyuptoafifth.

Theresearchalsosuggestedthatgrapefruitcouldbeasgoodasprescriptiondrugsatkeepingbloodsugarlevelsundercontrol—akeypartofmanagingdiabetes.

Theexperimentswereconductedonmice—butresearcherssaytheresultsjustifystudiesonhumans.ProfessorJosephNapoli，oftheUniversityofCalifornia，Berkeley，said，“Weseeallsortsofscamsaboutnutrition.Buttheseresults，basedoncontrolledexperiments，warrantfurtherstudyofthepotentialhealth－promotingpropertiesofgrapefruitjuice.”

Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthemicewerefedfattyfoodforthreemonths，thosegivengrapefruitjuicetodrinkgainedupto18percentlessweightthanthosegivenwater.

Theyalsohadlowerbloodsugarandinsulinlevels—despiteeatingthesamenumberofcaloriesanddoingthesameamountofexerciseasthemicewhodrankwater.Infact，grapefruitjuicewasasgoodatcontrollinginsulinasthewidelyuseddiabetesdrugmetformin，thejournalPLOSONEreports.

However，thefruitjuiceonlyhadaneffectonweightwhentheanimalsatefattyfood.Theresearcherssaidtheydidnotknowhowgrapefruitstopsthepoundsfrompilingon.

SpokesmanMarietteAbrahams，adietician，saiduntilthenitistooearlyforpeopletotrygrapefruitdiets.“Grapefruitshouldbepartofahealthybalanceddiet，butitshouldn’tbethefocusofthediet，”shesaid.

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【写作指导】

本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效。

第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景；第二至七段的内容是：

研究表明，葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处；第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性；最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见。

考生在作答时，应注意条理清晰，避免混乱性语句；语言简洁，要点全面，可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略，以节约词数。

另外，考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性。

【参考范文】

DietersthinkgrapefruitjuicehelpsloseweightandtheGrapefruitDietortheHollywoodDietwasapopularwayoflosingweightinthe1930s.（要点1）Theexperimentsconductedonmice，whichcanalsoapplytohumans，showsthatgrapefruitjuicebenefitsthelossofweightandthecontrolofbloodsugarandinsulinlevels.（要点2）However，thefruitonlytakeseffectwhentheanimalseatfattyfood.（要点3）Theoppositeviewdoesn’tthinkeatinggrapefruitcanbethefocusofthediet.（要点4）

Writing4

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Infact，greatwhitesharksarenotwhite.Thenameisthoughttohavecomeaboutbecausethesesharksarewhiteinonecircumstancewhentheyarelyingdeadonthedeckofaboat.

Itwouldbemorepropertocallthisspeciesthe“blackshark”．Theyhaveadarkuppersurface，whichmeanstheirprey（猎物）aredifficulttospotthemapproachingfromthedarkdepths.

Speakingofprey，theyhavebeenrecordeddiningoutonawiderangeofspecies，includingwhales，squid（鱿鱼），turtlesandoccasionallypenguins.

“Ifyoumakealistofeverythingthat’sbeenfoundinawhiteshark’sstomach，you’dgetavarietyofthings，”saysmarinebiologistGeorgeBurgessoftheUniversityofFloridainGainesville.Butwhat’sclearisthattheirtasteschangeastheyage.

“Theyarealmostjustfish－eatersuntiltheyare7，8，9feetlong，”saysBurgess.“Astheygetbigger，theywillbegintostarteatingmammalpreyiftheygettheopportunity.”

Theseoldersharkspreferseals，sealionsandwalruses.Whentheystrikefrombelow，atspeed，whitesharkscanclearthesurfacebyasmuchas3m.

Tolocatetheirprey，whitesharksusealmosteverytrickinthebook.“Theyhaveaseriesofsenses，”saysBurgess.

Ina1963study，researchershungaspeakerovertheedgeoftheirboatoffMiamitoseeiftheycouldattractsharkswithsound.

Nogreatwhitesharkswerespottedinthisstudy，butit’sreasonabletoassumetheyhavegoodhearingtoo.

Asagreatwhitesharkgetsclosertoitsprey，itssenseofsmellbeginstokickin.Astudyofthebrainsofdifferentspeciesofsharksshowsthatthegreatwhite’solfactorybulb（嗅球）isespeciallylarge.

Theirvisionisnotbad，either.“Theyseeparticularlywell，”saysBurgess.

T