定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
1.定语从句的结构及理解
2.定语从句的关系词的使用
3.定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
（一）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：
对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.
2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.
3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.
4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.
（二）定语从句的结构：
在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：
that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.
2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.
3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.
4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.
5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.
6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.
（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.
1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.
2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.
知识重点与难点
（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all,no,only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。
1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.
2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.
（三）定语从句的简化表达：
1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.
2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.
3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:
45.
说明：
以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：
1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.
2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.
3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:
45.
说明：
修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：
doing短语，done短语，beingdone短语，tobedone短语修饰。
其结构和意思如下：
1.被修饰名词+doing短语：
正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2.被修饰名词+done短语：
被…..的人/事
3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语：
正在被…..的人/事
4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：
将要被…..的人/事
（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?
（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.
（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?
（4）Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.
（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.
（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.
（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.
总结：
以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。
如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。
V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。
beingdone表示正在被做的
3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，tobedone表示将要被做的
【典型例题】
[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it
分析：
_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。
答案：
A
[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.
A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom
分析：
_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi，从句完整的表达是：
IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。
答案：
C
[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
分析：
定语从句_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。
先行词在从句中做宾语。
答案：
A
[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose
分析：
非限定性定语从句_____workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose
答案：
D
[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
分析：
公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。
_____in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames，指过去的内容，表示被动。
用done做定语。
答案：
C
[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.
A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt
分析：
根据句意房子即将开工。
_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修饰Thehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。
答案：
B
[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?
A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended
分析：
根据句意：
比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？
_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmanyofus做定语。
与全句动作同步.
答案：
B
[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.
A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem
分析：
非限定性定语从句__isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren，根据从句中的is判断，是说：
三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。
答案：
B
【模拟试题】
1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.
A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid
C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid
2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.
A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich
3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.
A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich
4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.
A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich
5.1.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.
A.beingdiscussedB.discussed
C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss
6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.
A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked
7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?
A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread
【试题答案】
1.CSusan正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。
先行词theverygirl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom
2.C定语从句_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.修饰先行词money：
用这笔钱买火车票。
关系词前面需要加介词：
with
3.C定语从句_____hedevotedmuchtime意思是：
他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。
devote….tosth.关系词前加介词：
to
4.A定语从句_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修饰先行词theday：
先行词theday在从句中做时间状语：
在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。
5.C短语_____tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion，根据表达的内容：
明天即将被讨论的问题。
应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。
6.D短语_____atthemoment做thefood的定语,表示：
正在做的食物。
Beingdone做定语表示：
正在被……的……。
7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebigtree做定语修饰theteacher表示：
正在大树下看书的那位老师。
高一英语定语从句
1． Mary lives in the room, the door _____ opens east。
A. of it B. of which C. of that D. whose 2.The engineer _____ my father is talking has just come from abroad.
A. with whom B. with who C. with which D. that
3. He lives in a hotel, _____ is only five minutes’ walk from here.
A. that B. which C. in which D. where
4.Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
A. which B. who C. as D. that
5.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
6.This is the reason _____ they are all against the plan.
A. which B. that C. why D. what
7.It was not until late in the evening _____ the traveler found a hotel.
A. which B. that C. as D. where
8.I didn’t like the way _____ she spoke to me.
A. which B. that C. how D. as
9.This is _____ I can do for you right now.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
10.It was at our college library _____ I borrowed the novel.
A. which B. in which C. that D. where
11.I have seen trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leavesB. of which the leaves C. whose leaves D. its leaves
12.All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
13.The foreign guests, _____ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of whom B. most of them C. most of which D. most of those 14.I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
15.On the train I saw a student _____ I thought was your sister.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
16.Is the river _____ through the town very long?
A. flows B. that flows C. which flow D. the one flows
17.Is this college _____ they went to last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
18.Is this the university _____ you visited last time?
A. that one B. which C. the one D. the one what
19.It is the factory _____ his father worked a few years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
20.It is the factory _____ his father wanted to go to.
A. that B. the one C. where D. what
21.Egypt is a country _____ is famous for its pyramids.
A. where B. which C. in which D. at which
22.China is the country _____ he spent the best part of his life.
A. where B. which C. in that D. at which
23.A small car arrived, _____ came a man, a woman and five children of different ages.
A. out of that B. out of it C. out of which D. whose car
24.Can you suggest a time _____ it will be convenient to meet?
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
25.I’d like to tell you _____ I saw in the exhibition.
A. which B. that C. what D. /
26.Have you got anything _____ belongs to me?
A. which B. that C. of which D. what
27.I
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