剑桥商务英语中级模拟49文档格式.docx

剑桥商务英语中级模拟49文档格式.docx

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Youwillneedtousesomeofthelettersmorethanonce.

1.Youcanfindouthowtomakeafortune.

2.Thewilltosucceedisthemostimportantfactorinsuccess.

3.Peopleindifferentjobsandpositionscanalllearnhowtomakeotherpeoplechangetheirminds.

4.Notallgoodideasinvolvespendingalotofmoney.

5.Youcanachievemorethanpeoplethinkyoucan.

6.Youcangetwhatyouwantinbusiness,withoutloweringyourmoralstandards.

7.Improvementcanbeachievedthroughfollowingadairysystem.

A

TheMillionDollarMentality

JemimaTate

WriterandbusinessexpertJemimaTaterevealshowmillionairesthinkandwhatdrivesthemtobebest.Herphilosophyissimple:

millionairesarenodifferentfromanyoneelseandgiventhedesireanddeterminationtoimprovethequalityoftheirlives,virtuallyanyonecanrealisetheirdreams.Tateprovidesthevitalingredientsthatcanleaduofinancialindependenceandrevealsthesecretsofbecomingseriouslyrich.Thisbookwillinspireanyonewhowantstoworktowardsmillionairestarus.

B

UsingthePowerofInfluence

MegCarbery

MegCarberyshowsreadershowtosurviveandprosperintherapidlychangingbusinessandsocialenvironmentbyprovidingacomprehensiveguidetotechniquesofpersuasionatworkwhicharebothethicalandeffective.Thisbookisacomprehensiverepertoireofprofessionalinfluencingskillswhichwillservetheneedsofmanagers,leaders,professionalsandsalespeopleandthoseconcernedwithinfluencingthebehaviorofemployees--whomaybebetterqualifiedthanthemselves!

C

NorbertStarr'

sPositiveActionPlan

NorbertStarr

NorbertStarr'

sPositiveActionPlanisaninvaluablesourceofinspiration,motivationandideas.Foreachdayoftheyear,aquotationfromStarr--manydrawnfrompreviouslyunpublishedmaterial--isfollowedbyfurtherinstructionandadetailedplanofactionforputtingtheconceptsintopractice.Eachmonthhasatheme,sothatprogressisorganisedandconsistent;

April,forinstance,is'

GoalSet-ting'

andMayfollowslogicallywith'

Action!

'

Starr'

sadvicecomesfrommanyyearsinbusiness,whichiswhatmakesitthemostvaluableavailable.

D

1001WaystoPromoteYourBusiness

GeoffreyandJohnBehr

Nowadaysitisyourresponsibility'

totaketheinitiativeinpromotingyourbusiness.Thisbookisfullofinnovativeandunusualpromotionalideasthatcarrytheaddedbenefitofbeinginexpensive.Byusingthesetriedandtestedtechniquesyouwillrealisehoweasyitistoexeeedyourcusomers'

expectationsandmakeyourproduct,serviceoreventworthItalkingabout.

PARTTWO

Readthearticlebelowabout.

Choosethebestsentencetofillineachofthegaps.

Foreachgap8-12,markonletter（A-G）onyourAnswerSheet.

Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.

TheSteadyProgressofAPEC

ItisameasureofAPEC'

ssuccessthatitssummitmeetings（statingwiththefirstheldin1993atSeattleinUSA）arenowheldannually.Thesecondwasheldin1994atBogorinlndonesia.Itadoptedadeclarationtoabolishtariffsbetweenallitsmembersbytheyear2020.APEC'

sdevelopedeconomieswould,however,followanearlierscheduleoffreeingtradeby2010.ThethirdsummitatOsake（Japan）inNovemberwastostockoftheprogresstowardsthefreetradegoal.

APEC'

sprogressisevengreaterconsideringthatuntilthefirstAsiaPacificEconomicCooperation（APEC）meetingof12regionalforeignandeconomicministersinAustralia,itwassimplyalaudableidea.（8）EversincethatfatefulCanberraconferenceinNovember1989,APEChasneverlookedback.Theoriginal12-memberforumhas18members:

Australia,Brunei,Canada,Chile,China,HongKong,Indonesia,Japan,SouthKorea,Malaysia,Mexico,NewGuinea,thePhilip-pines,Singapore,Taiwan,ThailandandtheUnitedStates.TherushtojointheAPECclubissogreatthatithadtoimposeathree-yearmoratoriumonnewmembershiptill1996.（9）WhenAustraliafirstmootedtheproposaltoconveneaconferenceforregionalcooperation,therewasconsiderablemisgivingandscepticismaboutit.MostASEANcountries（AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations）--Brunei,Indonesia,Malaysin,thePhilippines,SingaporeandThailand（Vietnamwasnotamemberofthem）--werenotparticularlyenthusiastic.（10）Indonesia'

sForeignMinister,AhAlatas,simplywantedanyPacificorganizationtobeanextensionofASEAN.Indonesia'

shostingoftheAPECsurnmitlastyear,wherePresidentSoehartoplayedaleadingroleinputtingtogetherthefreetradedeclaration,wouldsuggestthatJakarta'

searliermisgivingshavedisappeared.（11）Inthelead-uptotheOsakasummit,thereportcardonthefreetradeagenda（gleanedfromthemeetingsofofficialsfrommembercountries）didnotseemterriblygood.TheUnitedStates,whichseeksexpandedaccess（andataquickerpace）toregionalmarkets,wasunhappywiththeslownessofJapantoadvancethefreetradeagenda.JapanwasthecountrychairingAPECfor1995.AccordingtoMSSandraKristoff,theUSStateDepartment'

sCoordinatorforAPEC,Japanhad"

togooutthereandcreateaconsensus[onfreetrade],leadaconsensus,makethishappen...TheUnitedStatesdoubtedJapan'

sfreetradecredentialsandfeltthatitsheartwasnotintheAPECpledge.Tokyohaswantedafreetradeagendatodeveloponavoluntarybasis.（12）

…………

However,becauseofAmerica'

sgrowingpreoccupationinthemonthsaheadwithpresidentialelections,theClintonadministration'

simpatienceandconsequentnegativerhetoricneednotbetakenatitsfacevalue.WashingtoncannotaffordtoignoreoroptoutofAPEC,withtheUSAhavingabout＄400billionannualtradewiththeregion.

AThesecondsummitwasheldin1994atBogorinIndonesia.

BItwasfeltthatapan-Pacificorganizationwoulddwarf12ASEAN,whichmightthenloseitsreasonforbeingdiscussedandevenitsexistence.

CBut,itwasanideawhosetimehadcome.

DItwould,however,benaivetosuggestthatAPECwillbeallsmoothsailing.

EThisinitselfisaproofoftheconsiderableheadwayAPEChasmadeinashortperiodofaboutsixyears.

FItneedsemphasizingthatallAPECmembersareinfavourofregionalfreetradebutalldenotfavoursettime-schedulesandtheirenforcement.

GWashingtonhasnotbeenhappywiththisapproach.

PARTTHREE

Readthearticlebelowaboutcommonstockandpreferredstock.

Foreachquestion13-18,markoneletter（A,B,CorD）onyourAnswerSheet,fortheansweryouchoose.

CommonStockandPreferredStock

Apubliccorporationissuescertificatesofownership,calledcommonstock,thatmaybetradedonstockexchanges.Anyonecanbuyandsellsharesofcommonstock.Ownersofstockarereferredtoasshareholdersandstockholders.Commonstockholdersareaccordedcertainrightsbythecorporatecharter.IntheUnitedStates,theserightsvaryfromstatetostate,butingeneralthearticlesofincorporationspelloutvotingrightsandrightstoreceiveprofits.

Commonstockholdersarethevotingownersofacorporation.Theyareusuallyentitledtoonevotepershare.Theymayvoteonnumerousdecisionsaffectingthecorporation（includingaderisiontosellormergewithanothercorporation）andelectaboardofdirectors,who,inturn,hiremanagerstorunthebusiness.Amajorityshareholderisonewhoownsover50percentoftheoutstanding（issued）sharesinacorporationand,thus,cancalltheshots.Allothershareholdersareminorityshareholders.Inlargecorporationsnosinglepersonororganizationownsanywherenearamajorityinterest.Inlarge,publiclyownedcorporationsashareholderwithaslittleas10percentofthesharesmaycontrolthecorporationeffectively.Ifthingsgobadly,acoalitionofsocalleddissidentshareholdersmaygatherenoughvotestoreplacetheexistingboardofdirectors;

thenewhoardmayfiretheexistingmanagementandbringintheirownmanagementteam.

Althoughcommonstockrepresentsownershipinacompany,itdoesnotguaranteetheownersaspecificrateofreturn.Asowners,thestockholdersreceiveprofitsafterallexpenses,includingdebtsandtaxes,havebeenpaid.Theyreceiveprofitsfromthebusinessintheformofdividendpayments,whichrepresentapercent-ageofprofits.Notallafter-taxprofitsarepaidtothestockholdersindividends.Directorsusuallyderidequarterlyhowmuch,ifany,oftheprofitstheywishtodistributetotheowners.Theprofitsareeitherdistributedtotheownersindividendsortheyarereinvestedbackintothecompanyintheformofretainedearnings.Ifthecompanydecidestokeeptheprofits,thecompanymaybecomemorevaluableandthepriceofthestockusuallygoesup.Someinvestorspreferprofitsinthewayofdividendswhileothersspeculateforanincreaseinthepriceofstock.Ifacompanygoesbroken,commonstockholdersgetlastclaimonwhateverisleftover.

Corporationsmayalsoissuepreferredstocktoinvestors.Preferredstockusuallyhasnovoteintheelectionofthebardofdirectors,butdoesgetpreferenceinthedistributionofthecompany'

searnings.Itoffersinvestorsadifferenttypeofsecurityandmaybeissuedonlyaftercommonstockhasbeenissued.Theterm"

preferred"

appliestotwoconditions.First,preferredstockholdersgainpreferentialtreatmentinthematterofdividends;

thatis,theyreceiveafixedrateofdividendspriortothepaymentofdividendsoncommonshares.Second,ifthecompanygoesoutofbusinessorliquidates,pregerredstockholdersareclosertothefrontofthelinethancommonstockholders!

whe