全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word文档格式.doc

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word文档格式.doc

《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word文档格式.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word文档格式.doc（12页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

Thisandothercases___8___thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla___9__betweenthecourtandpolitics.

TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw__10__havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions__11__theywouldbefreeto__12__thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto__13___politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely__14___.

Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial___15___likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit__16___isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily___17__asunjust.

Thejusticesmust__18___doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves__19___tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,__20___,convincingaslaw.

1.[A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D]recognize

2.[A]when [B]best [C]before [D]unless

3.[A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D]eliminated

4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D]accepted

5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded

6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone

7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]leads [D]applies

8.[A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle

9.[A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict

10.[A]by [B]as [C]through [D]towards

11.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though

12.[A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace

13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer

14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied

15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]convenience

16.[A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls

17.[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted

18.[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore

19.[A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable

20.[A]byallmeans [B]atallcosts [C]inaword [D]asaresult

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.

　　Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

　　Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

　　Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

　　There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

　　Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

　　[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

　　[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

　　[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould

　　[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

　　[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

　　[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

　　[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

　　[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

　　[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

　　[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

　　[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

　　[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

　　[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

　　[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

　　[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

　　[A]harmful

　　[B]desirable

　　[C]profound

　　[D]questionable

Text2

Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.

　　Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It’sastunningmove.

　　Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.

　　EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.

　　Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:

whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.

ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）reviewsthecompany’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.

26.Thephrase“renegingon”（Line3.para.1）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]condemning.

　　[B]reaffirming.

　　[C]dishonoring.

　　[D]securing.

27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto

　　[A]