高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙168课课后答案汇编.docx

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙168课课后答案汇编.docx

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高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙168课课后答案汇编

LessonOne

1.Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.

Andconversationisanactivityfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.

2.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.

Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideasorpointsofviews.

3.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.

Infact,peoplewhoaregoodatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthisideas.

4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother’slives.

Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotclosefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachother’sprivatelives.

5.....itcouldstillgoignorantlyon...

Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.

6.Therearecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef.

Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinthefields,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeetbeef.

7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.

ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeithardfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.

8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.

EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore.

9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.

Thephrase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.（Theworkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.）

10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.

AstheearlySaxonpeasants,theworkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.

11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wordswillhardenintothingsforus.“

Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,thatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.

a.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachother,theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.

不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

b.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.

争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。

交谈中没有胜负之说。

c.PerhapsitisbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.

或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

d.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayit---sheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayit,itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind---butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.

我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

e.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesfor“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

f.Wordsarenotthemselvesareality,butonlyrepresentationsofit,andtheKing’sEnglish,liketheAnglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality.

词语本身并不是现实。

正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

g.Perhapsitisworthtryingtospeakit,butitshouldnotbelaiddownasanedict,andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow.

或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。

h.Thereisnoworseconversationalistthantheonewhopunctuateshiswordsashespeaksasifhewerewriting,orevenwhotriestousewordsasifhewerecomposingapieceofproseforprint.

如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。

i.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.

当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。

j.Therewouldhavebeennoconversationtheothereveningifwehadbeenabletosettleatoncethemeetingof“theKing’sEnglish.”

那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。

LessonTwo

1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.

Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.

2.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.

Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals（bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings）.

3.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard.

Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.

4.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.

Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.

5.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.

Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.

6.everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury

EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.

7.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.

However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.

8.Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.

Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.

9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.

Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas

10.fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,backbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.

Lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople．Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil．

11.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.

Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，that。

shewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal．

12.Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.

Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible．

13.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms.

TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready—madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell—builtbodies．

14.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?

Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?

。

15.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.

Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind．

●Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis-twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin-whenyouseehowthepeoplelive,andstillmorehoweasilytheydie,itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghumanbeings.

当你穿行于这样的城镇中—20万居民中至少有2万人除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫外，一无所有——当你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易死亡时，你总是很难相信自己是行走在人类之中。

●WhenyougothroughtheJewishquartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike.

当你穿过犹太人聚居区时，你就会了解中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子。

●Manyofthestreetsareagooddeallessthansixfeetwide,thehousesarecompletelywindowless,andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereiunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.

很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见，像成群的苍蝇，数也数不清。

●Evenablindmansomewhereatthebackofoneoftheboothsheardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand.

甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来，伸手在空中乱摸。

●5.Ah,that’sonlyforshow!

They’reallmoneylendersreally.

噢！

那只不过是装样子罢了。

实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。

●6.Injustthesameway,acoupleofhundredyearsago,pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal.

颇为相似的是，几百年前，有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆活活烧死，但事实上她们连为自己变出一顿像样的饭菜的巫术都没有。

●7.Ittakesinthedried-upsoil,thepricklypear,thepalmtreeandthedistantmountain,butitalwaysmissesthepeasanthoeingathispatch.

那干巴巴的土地，仙人掌，棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里耕作的农民却往往没人看见。

●8.MostofMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit.

摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉，以至于那里生存的最大的野生动物就是野兔。

●9.Exceptforadayortwoaftertherarerainstormsthereisneverenoughwater.

除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外，这里总是缺水。

●10.Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen,whentheygetbeyondacertainage,shrinktothesizeofchildren.

在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪身材便会萎缩得如孩子般大小，这似乎是一个普遍现象。

LessonThree

1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe....

OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartoclaimallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadendowedthemwithcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.However,todaythisissuehasnotyetbeensettledinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.

2.Thismuchwepledge---andmore.

Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.

3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.

Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinalargenumberofjointundertakings.

4.....ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace...

TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.

5....toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.

WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargethe