高中英语Book 8 补充知识点.docx
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高中英语Book8补充知识点
Unit1
Keywords:
Distinct;distinction;majority;despite;hardship;percentage;boom;applicant;customs;occur;indicate;apparent;apparently;slip;fascinating;angle;miserable;punishment;justice;authority;reform;grasp;thankful;insert;makealife;teamupwith;markout;takein;
1.Despite=inspiteof
Despitetheheavyrain,thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.
Despitethefactthatitwasrainingheavily,…
Although/thoughitwasrainingheavily,…
Heavilyasitwasraining,
2.Hardship
Peoplesufferedmanyhardshipsduringthatlongwinter.
同义词：
difficulty;Setback；obstacle
3.Indicate/indication
Researchindicatesthateatinghabitsarechangingfast.
（表明；显示）
Aredskyatnightoftenindicatesfineweatherthenextday.（象征；暗示）
Thereareclearindicationsthattheeconomyisimproving.
4.Apparent:
obvious;evident
Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.
Itsoonbecameapparenttoeveryonethathecouldn’tsing.
Transparent:
透明的
5.Fascinating/fascinate
It’sfascinatingtoseehowdifferentpeopleapproachtheproblem.
Thechildrenwatched,fascinated,asthepicturebegantoappear.
Befascinatedby
6.Miserable/misery
Wewerecold,wetandthoroughlymiserable.
（难受的，痛苦的）
Ispentamiserableweekendaloneathome.
Miserablehousingconditions
7.Justice/justify
Justify1）证明…正确（或正当、有理）
Hersuccesshadjustifiedthefaiththatherteacherhadputinher.
她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的。
2）对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护）
TheprimeMinisterhasbeenaskedtojustifythedecisiontotheparliament.
8.Authority/authorize/authoritative
Haveauthorityoversth管辖
Havetheauthoritytodosth.有权干某事
Undertheauthorityof经…的授权
9.Percentage百分率；百分比
Whatpercentageofthepopulationisoverweight?
Proportion:
部分，份额；比例
Theproportionofmentowomeninthecollegehaschangeddramaticallyovertheyears.
Property：
财产
10.EachillustratessomethingaboutCalifornia.
Illustrate（用示例、图画）说明，解释
Toillustratemypoint,letmetellyoualittlestory.
11.PeopleArrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.
Anewschoolhasbeensetupinwhatusedtobeawasteland.
IlivedinwhatyounowcalltheancientGreece.
12.Byallmeans:
无论如何；当然可以
语法：
作主语、宾语、表语的名词性从句
主语从句：
特别注意：
1）that和what引导的主语从句。
2）whatever/whoever/whichever引导的主语从句。
表语从句
…iswhat/when/where/why/how…类的从句
Suggestion/advice/order…isthat（should）do
宾语从句
重视it作形式宾语的情况
1）Find/think/make/feel/consideritadj./n.+that从句
2）Takeitforgrantedthat
Seetoitthat…
Rely/dependonitthat
Bringittoone’sattentionthat
3）hate/love/likeitwhen
4）wouldappreciateitif….
Unit2
Keywords
Differ;exact;identical;commercial;straightforward;complicated;undertake;procedure;altogether;arbitrary;correction;object;impact;medium;obtain;attain;moral;conservative;forbid;accumulate;compulsory;constitution;owe;retire;bother;assumption;regulation;popularity;initial;resist;drawback;merely;restore;decoration;adore;becastdown,beboundtodo;strike…intoone’sheart;invain
1.Identical完全一样的；相同的
Beidenticalto/with
Herdressisalmostidenticaltomine.
2.Straightforward
1）.简单的；易懂的
Astraightforwardprocess/operation/solution
2）.坦诚的；坦率的；率直的
Astraightforwardman
3.Object
Objectton/doing
Manylocalpeopleobjecttothebuildingofthenewairport.
Objectto=Oppose=beopposedto=beagainst
Objection
Raiseobjectionto对…提出异议
Haveobjectionto对…有异议
4.Undertake
1）承担；从事；负责
Toundertakeatask/project
承担一个任务/项目
Undertakeafullinvestigationintotheaccident
对事故进行全面调查
2）承诺；允诺；答应
Undertaketodo
HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.
5.Altogether
1）（用以强调）完全，全部
Idon’taltogetheragreewithyou.
Iamnottogetherhappyaboutthedecision.
2）总之；总而言之
Thefoodwasgoodandwelovedtheatmosphereandthepeople.Altogetheritwasagreatevening.
3）.总共
6.Impact
n.impactofsth…的影响
impactonsb./sth对…影响
have/makeanimpactonsth
Herspeechmadeaprofoundimpactoneveryone
Theimpactoftherecession经济衰退的影响
Vi/Vt
Herfather’sdeathimpactedgreatlyonherchildhoodyears.
Thecompany’sperformancewasimpactedbythehighvalueofthepound.
公司的业绩受到了英镑高值的冲击。
7.Attain
达到（某年龄、水平、状况）
Thetigercanattainaspeedofupto100kph.
8.Conservative
1）保守的；守旧的
Theconservativeviewsofhisparents.
2）（估计）低于实际数量的；保守的
Ataconservativeestimate
按照保守的估计
9.Owe
Owesthtosb./owesbsth前某人什么东西
Owesthtosb./owesb.sth欠某人的情
Owesthtosb./owesb.sth归因于；归功于
Ioweadebtofgratitudetoallmyfamily.
我很感激我的家人。
Heoweshissuccesstohardwork.
同义词组：
attribute…to
Sheattributeshersuccesstohardworkandalittleluck.
10.Initial
Intheinitialstagesofthecampaign
运动的最初阶段
Myinitialreactionwastodeclinetheoffer.
Initially,thesystemworkedwell.
11.Adore
Adoredoing
Sheadoresworkingwithchildren.
12.…halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.
Half,twice/double,threetimesthesize,（length,height,width,depth,weight）of…
13.Thedrawbacktocloningagroupofanimals…
Thedrawbackto/ofn/doingsth
Thisistheonemajordrawbackto/ofthissystem.
14.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearthismerelyadream.
Icouldhearthenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosedinthedistance.
Idreamedoftherebeingachancetogoabroad.
语法：
同位语从句
注意分割性的同位语从句
Wordcamethat…
Thesuggestionwasputforwardthattheschoollibraryshouldkeepopenontheweekend.
After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that __________（它着陆）as scheduled the next day.（land）
Unit3
Keywords:
Patent;distinguish;stainless;abrupt;abruptly;convenient;caution;expectation;passive;seize;recognition;criterion（plcriteria）;claim;valid;file;string;identification;innocent;jam;occasionally;dynamic;multiple;tap;current;stable;associate;practical;extension;version;competence;competent;personnel;diveinto;hangon;outoforder;getthrough
1.Convenient
Beconvenientto/forsb.
Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.
For（thesakeof）convenience为了方便起见
Fortheconvenienceofsb.为了某人的方便
Atone’sconvenience在方便时候
2.Seize
Seizepower夺权
Seizeachance;anopportunity抓住机会/时机
Seizeon抓住（可利用的事物）
3.Recognition
Thereisageneralrecognitionoftheurgentneedforreform.（承认；认可）
Shegainedonlyminimalrecognitionforherwork.（赞誉；赏识）
Hereceivedtheawardinrecognitionofhissuccessoverthepastyear.（肯定；认可）
4.Criterion（pl.criteria）
Criterion:
astandardorprinciplebywhichsthisjudged,orwiththehelpofwhichadecisionismade.
（评判或作决定的）标准，准则，原则
Themaincriterionisvalueformoney.
主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
Whatcriteriaareusedforassessingastudent’sability?
5.Valid
1）、（法律上）有效的；（正式）认可的
Theyhaveavalidclaimtocompensation.
2）、符合逻辑的；合理的
Shehadvalidreasonsfornotsupportingtheproposals.
6.File
Theformsshouldbefiledalphabetically.（归档）
Tofileaclaim/acomplaint/apetition/alawsuit
提出索赔；申诉；呈交诉状；提起诉讼
7.String
Astringof一串；一系列
Astringofsuccesses
接二连三的成功
8.Dynamic
Adynamicpersonality（充满活力的）
充满活力的个性
Thedynamicprocess（动态的）
9.Extend/extension/extensive/extensively
Extensive1）广阔的；广大的；大量的
2）广泛的；广博的
Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneintothisdisease.
10.Competence/competent
Makesurethefirmiscompetenttocarryoutthework.
Heisverycompetentinhiswork.
I’msureheiscompetentforthejob.
11.Setaboutdoing
Setouttodo
12.Havesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
Occupyone’smind在脑海中萦绕
Problemsatworkcontinuedtooccupyhismindforsometime.
13.Aflashofinspiration
Aterriblethoughtflashedacrosshisface.
Aflashofanger/inspiration
14.Hefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolve.
Ifindhimeasytogetalongwith.
Ifindthepoemdifficulttounderstand.
15.Thedayiscomingwhen…
ThepicturebroughtthedaysbacktomewhenIlivedinthecountryside.
ThedaysaregonewhenweChinesesufferedalot.
16.Whilesearchingforakitestrongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,
Adj.+enoughtodo的结构作后置定语
Iwanttohaveaholidaylongenoughtorelaxmyself.
Aroombigenoughtohold100people.
Amanstrongenoughtoclimbmountains.
语法：
过去分词作定语、表语
语法重点：
过去分词作表语时，有时为了强调或保持句子平衡，可以把过去分词提前，用完全倒装语序。
Carvedonthestonearesomeredcharacters.
Writtenonthecardarethreewords“Iloveyou”.
GonearethedayswhenteacherswereGodtostudents.
Unit4
Keywords：
Adaption;classic;caption;plot;hesitate;hesitation;outcome;disguise;brilliant;classify;remark;betray;extraordinary;condemn;acquaintance;amazement;fortune;authentic;status;superior;disapprove;antique;shabby;compromise;disgusting;overlook;fade
1.Disguise/indisguise
Disguisesb.as
Shedisguisedherselfasaboy.（假扮，装扮）
Shemadeanattempttodisguisehersurprise.（掩饰，掩盖）
Thestartravelledindisguise.
2.Classify
Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedaccordingtosubject.
Patientsareclassifiedintothreecategories.
3.Amazement
Amaze/amazed/amazing/amazement
Toone’samazement
Inamazement
4.Authentic
1）Idon’tknowifthepaintingisauthentic.
（正真的；真迹的；真品的）
2）Anauthenticaccountoflifeinthedesert.
（真实的；真正的）
3）Anauthenticmodeloftheancienttown
（逼真的）
5.Shabby
Adj.不公平的；不讲理的
Shetriedtomakeupforhershabbytreatmentofhim.
6.Compromise
Compromisewithsb.onsth
Reachacompromise
Makeacompromise
Aftermuchargument,thejudgesfinallycompromisedonthedecision.
7.Disgusting
Disgust（n/vt）
Theideafillsmewithdisgust.
Hewalkedawayindisgust.
Muchtomydisgust,theyrefusedtohelp.
Bedis
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