高中英语Book5知识点补充.docx
《高中英语Book5知识点补充.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语Book5知识点补充.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高中英语Book5知识点补充
Unit1
1.Characteristicadj./n.
Characteristicofsb/sth
Shespokewithcharacteristicenthusiasm.
Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety.
2.Putforward提出；提前
Puttogether合计，总和，合起来；组装
Putsthaside忽视；不理睬；忘记
攒钱；积蓄
Putsthaway将……收起；把……放回原处
Putsthback将……放回；推迟，延迟
Putsthdown放下；写下；镇压
Putsthin安装；打断，插话
Putsthoff推迟；延迟
Puton穿戴；上演；增加体重
Putout扑灭；生产；公布
Putup树立；张贴；提出（意见）
Putsbup留某人住在家中
Putupwith容忍；忍受
3.Analyse/analysis/analyst/analytical
4.Infect/infection
Beinfectedwith被感染….
Infect:
使感染（某种感情）；影响
Sheinfectedthechildrenwithherenthusiasmformusic.
5.Challenge
Facethechallenge面对挑战
Meetthechallenge迎接挑战
Accept/takeupachallenge接受挑战
6.Enquiry/enquire/enquiring
（1）调查；查究
Tohold/order/setupanenquiryintotheaffair
进行/责令/提出调查此事
（2）询问；打听
Enquiry（fromsb.）（aboutsb/sth）
Wereceivedover300enquiriesaboutthejob.
7.Foresee
Noonecouldhaveforeseen（that）thingswouldturnoutthisway.
8.Investigate/investigation
Underinvestigation
9.Handle处理
同义词Approach/handle/tackle
词组：
dealwith,copewith,seeto,attendto
10.Instruct指示；命令；吩咐
Instructsb.todosth
Instruct+that/wh从句
Heinstructedthatawallshouldbebuiltaroundthecity.
Instruction用法说明；操作指南
Followtheinstructionsonthepacketcarefully.
11.Enthusiastic/enthusiasm
Youdon’tsoundveryenthusiasticabouttheidea.
Ihaveneverlostenthusiasmforteaching.
With/withoutenthusiasm有/没有热情
12.P1.Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingout…..
Setout:
topresentideas,factsetc.inanorganizedway陈述；阐明
Hesetouthisobjectionstotheplan.
13.P7Theproblemarose
Arise发生；产生；出现
Anewcrisishasarisen.
Arisefrom/outof由……引起；因……产生
Emotionalormentalproblemscanarisefromaphysicalcause.
语法：
过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词作定语的含义：
1.一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示“主动和完成”之意。
Thefallenleaves
Therisensun
Thenewly-arrivedguests
2.及物动词的过去分词作定语的含义
（1）表示“被动和完成”
Thecastlebuiltinthe1980s.
Lookatthebrokenglasses
（2）表示“被动和经常性的动作”。
Englishisnowaninternationallanguage,spokenbyabout750millionpeople.
（3）表示“被动的状态”
Itwascoldanddampthemanpulleduphiscollarandputhishandstohisfrozenface.
过去分词作表语
连系动词be/get/become/feel/remain等后面接过去分词作表语，过去分词和主语之间是被动关系，表示主语所处的状态或感受，很多已转化成形容词。
Althoughthecitieswerecrowded,thecountrywasbeautiful.
Somepeoplegottrappedintheburningbuilding.
Remainseated
Unit2
1.accomplish/accomplishment
Thefirstpartoftheplanhasbeensafelyaccomplished.
ItwasoneofthePresident’sachievements.
2.Conflict
Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.
Johnoftencomesintoconflictwithhisboss.
Thegovernmenthasdonenothingtoresolvetheconflictovernurses’pay.
Conflictofinterests
3.Credit
（1）（从银行借的）借款；贷款
Thebankrefusedfurthercredittothecompany.
（2）赞扬；称赞
He’saplayerwhorarelyseemstogetthecredithedeserves.
Toone’scredit使值得赞扬；使受尊重
Tohiscredit,Jacknevertoldanyoneexactlywhathadhappened.
（3）信誉，信用
Hercreditisn’tgoodanywherenow.
（4）学分
Mymathclassisworththreecredits.
4.Rough
Theskinonherhandswashardandrough.
（粗糙的，不平滑的）
Aroughcalculation/estimateofthecost
（不确切的；大致的）
Theycomplainedofroughhandlingoftheguards.
（粗暴的，粗野的）
Itwastooroughtosailthatnight.（海洋）风浪大的
He’shadareallyrough/toughtimerecently.（艰难的；令人不快的）
Roughlyspeaking,wereceiveaboutfiftylettersaweekonthesubject.（粗略地说）
Tough:
艰苦的；严格的；强壮的；不易损坏的
5.Administration
Administrationcostsarepassedontothecustomer.
6.Alikeadj.相像的
MysisterandIdonotlookalike.
Adv.相像地；两者都，同样地
Goodhealthandsafetymanagementbefitsemployersandemployeesalike.（同样地）
7.Statue/status
Status地位，身份，社会阶层；状况，情形
Whatisthecurrentstatusofourapplicationforfunds?
（状况）
8.Tense神经紧张的，担心的；（形式、事件、时期）令人紧张的
Shesoundedtenseandangry.
Theatmosphereinthemeetingwasgettingmoreandmoretense.
Tension:
紧张局势；（情绪）紧张，烦躁
9.Consistent/consistency
Consistent一致的，始终如一的；连续的，持续的；相符的，符合的
She’snotconsistentinthewayshetreatsherchildren.
Apatternofconsistentgrowthintheeconomy.
Theresultsareentirelyconsistentwithourearlierresearch.
Thefootballrefereemustbe_____inapplyingrules;otherwiseitwillcauseconflictsinthefield.
A.confidentialB.consistent
C.contradictoryD.constant
P14.Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstanding…..
Remain作连系动词的用法
1）跟形容词
Hismindremainedactiveinspiteofphysicalinjuries.
2）跟分词
Thedoorremainedclosed.
Thelandreformquestionremainedunresolved.
Sheremainedstandingforanhour.
3）跟名词
Wecanremainfriends.
Thelabourshortageremainsaproblem.
4）跟介词短语
TheIndianpeoplesremainindeeppoverty.
5）跟不定式
Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.
语法：
过去分词作宾语补足语
请同学们记牢能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词。
一些使役动词：
have;get;make;keep；leave
一些感官动词:
see;hear;watch;find;feel
部分表示“希望、打算”等动词want;wish;order;wouldlike
其他动词：
declare;consider;acknowledge
Unit3
1.Aspect
Thebookaimstocoverallaspectsofcitylife.
Shefeltshehadlookedattheproblemfromeveryaspect.
Respect（事物的）方面，细节
Inthisrespectweareveryfortunate.
2.Previous
Previousto早于……
Seniorto级别/职位/年龄高于
Juniorto级别/职位/年龄低于
Superiorto比……更好
Inferiorto较差的……;次的……
Priorto在前面的……
3.Tolerate/tolerant/tolerance
Betolerantof/towards
Toleratedoing
Sherefusedtotoleratebeingcalledaliar.
4.Adjustment/adjust/adjustable
Adjuststh（tosth）
Adjust（oneself）ton/doing
Makeadjustmentstosth
5.Flash
1.飞速运动；掠过
Alookofterrorflashedacrosshisface.
2.突然想到；猛然想起
Aterriblethoughtflashedthroughmymind.
6.Switch
1）.转变
Switchsth（over）fromsthtosth
SwitchbetweenAandB
2）交换；转换
Switchsthwithsth
Switchon开（电灯/机器）等
Switchoff关（电灯/机器）等
Switchoff不在想着；不再考虑
7.Slideinto
Slide（使）快捷而悄声地移动
Sheslidintobed.
Sheslidoutwhilenoonewaslooking.
表示“悄悄干/走”含义的还有：
Steal/sneak/tiptoe
8.Optimistic/optimism
Pessimistic/pessimism
9.Enormous
Anenormousamountoftime/money/information
10.Efficiency/efficient
Proficient/proficiency精通；熟练
Effect/effective
Sheisproficientinseverallanguages.
11.Dispose/disposal
Disposeof1）去掉；清除
Thedifficultiesofdisposingofnuclearwaste.
2）应付，解决；处理
Thatseemstohavedisposedofmostoftheirarguments.
12.Manufacturevt/n
Manufacturedgoods工业品
Anewsstorymanufacturedbyajournalist.
编造；捏造
Themanufactureofcars汽车制造
13.Motivate/motivation
Motivatesbtodosth
What’sthemotivationbehindthissuddenchange?
14.Iwasunsettled…
Unsettled不镇静的，心绪不宁的，不安的
Theyallfeltrestlessandunsettled.
多变的；不安定的；不平稳的
Theseweredifficultandunsettledtimes.
15.Clearyourmind
Clear（使）变清醒，变清晰
Ashermindcleared,sherememberedwhathadhappened.
Iwentforawalktoclearmyhead.
16.Performtasks
Thisoperationhasneverbeenperformedinthiscountry.
17.Theyhavetomonitortherobots…
Eachstudent'sprogressiscloselymonitored.
18.Mymindbegantowander.
语法：
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作和句子主语之间是被动关系，从时间方面考虑可以是“被动和发生”的动作；也可以表示“被动的状态”而没有明确的时间性。
Weakenedbysuccessivestorms,thebridgewasnolongersafe.（被动和发生的动作）
Convincedthattheyweretryingtopoisonher,sherefusedtoeatanything.（被动状态）
Depressed，hewenttoseehiseldersister.
过去分词（Done）和现在分词完成式的被动形式（havingbeendone）的差异。
过去分词突出强调“被动”意味，如果分词的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生可转化成havingbeendone形式。
其他情况不能用havingbeendone形式代替done。
Painted/Havingbeenpaintedred,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.
Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.
Theycamein,followedbytheirwives.
Greatlyinterested,Iaskedhowheplayedthesenewworks.
Lostinthought,healmostranintothecar.
Havingbeendone形式，突出强调“完成”意味，表明分词的动作发生之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，分词的动作和谓语动词的动作之间有时间间隔。
Unit4
高考重点词汇：
involve;assignment;admirable;assistance;submit;
Concentrate/concentration;amateur;acquire/acquisition
Assess/assessment;deadline;deliberately;skeptical;
Dilemma;section;thorough/thoroughly;edition;accurate/accuracy;polish;approve/approval;process;negative
1.Assistance:
Despitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.
2.Assess/assessment
同义词：
Evaluate/evaluation
It’shardtoassesstheeffectsofthesechanges.
Adetailedassessmentoftherisksinvolved.
3.Acquisition
Languageacquisition
4.Deliberately
同义词intentionally
Iwouldneverintentionally/deliberatelyhurtanyone.
5.Skeptical:
Havingdoubtsthatsthistrueorsthwillhavehappen.doubtful
Beskepticalof/about
Iamskepticalabouthischancesofwinning.
Therepublicremainedskepticaloftheseclaims.
Suspicious:
feelingthatsbhasdonesthwrong,illegalordishonest,withouthavinganyproof.
Besuspiciousof/about
Theybecamesuspiciousofhisbehaviorandcontactedthepolice.
6.Thorough/thoroughly
Thepolicecarriedoutathoroughinvestigation.
I’mthoroughlyconfused.
7.Approve/approval
Hedoesn’tapproveofmeleavingschoolthisyear.
Thecommitteeunanimouslyapprovedtheplan.
8.Process
1.Totreatrawmaterial,food,etcinordertochangeit,preserveit,etc加工；处理
Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.
2.Todealofficiallywithadocument,request,etc.审阅，审核，处理
Itwilltakeaweekforyourapplicationtobeprocessed.
9.WhenIgoouttocoverastory.
Cover的词义有哪些？
10.It’salsousefulifapersonwantstochallengeyou.
The losers may challenge the outcome.（质疑）
Thejobdoesn'treallychallengeher.（考验）
11.…becausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong.
错综虚拟语气
Ifyouhadtakenyourmedicineyesterday,youwouldbequiteallrightn
升级会员 