全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用.docx

全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用.docx

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全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用

Abstract:

Thetotalstationinthehighwaycenterlineconductorsandtheapplicationofmeasurementtechniques,theTotalStationusemattersneedingattention.

Keywords:

TotalStationRoadmeasuringtechniques

1Totalstationinthewiremeasurement

1.1TotalStationCoordinatetheadvantagesofTotalStationcanbeuseddirectlywiththemeasuringpointcoordinatemethod,ratherthanpolarcoordinateslawrequired,sothatheavyequipmentoperatorsfromthecalculationofthedataout.Outsidetheindustryarenowvirtuallynorecords,onlyasimplemindandthenextpointwiththepointoftherelationshipbetweenthefinishingindustryforthereferenceperiod,butalsodonothavestaffwitharecordofthecalculation.FinishinginatimewhentheindustryaslongasthedatatransmissionfromthetotalstationtoPC2E500calculator,ordirectlytothedatainputtoacomputer,aftercoordinateadjustment,onthecomputerusingAutoCADdrawingsoftwaresuchaspoints,cut-offpoint,andcalculatedtheanglevalueofeachcurve,thedistancebetweenthepointofintersectionaswellasthecoordinatesofeachpileandso.

1.2Noteandtheapplicationofstate-controlledthree-dimensionalcoordinatesofpointsCoordinatesmethodusedbefore,asfaraspossiblethecountrytofindcontrolpointsandcontrolpointsofthesethree-dimensionalcoordinates,andthesecontrolpointsthroughthejointtest,notonlycantesttheirmeasurementaccuracy,anderror-yunXuscopecanbecarriedoutthroughtheadjustmentofthesecoordinates,sothatahighermeasurementaccuracy.

1.3PointsetshouldtakeintoaccounttheneedtotakethemiddlelaneInthesetpoint,notonlyshouldbewirelinecontrolpoints,thatis,topointthecenterlineshouldalsopreparefortherelease,dependingontheroutepassconditions,5andhigherterraincanbelaidatanumberofaircraftequipment,thebenefitsofdoingsoistotakethemiddlelanewhenthereisagreaterchoiceanddonothaveequipmentforanadditionaltwopointstoallowdevicestostopseveraltimes.

1.4Apparatusaftertheoperationandstaffing,astheroleofstaffTotalStationwiththeroadgenerallytraversingatotalof5~6people,dependingonthelocationoftheprevious3to4people,equipmentoperator1,thelatterdependingonaperson.Afterthetotalstationasthestaffcanrecordmorepoints,thecenterlineofthelatterlineofmeasurementanddesigncanplayaverylargerole.Worksthroughthefollowingspecificexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofafter,asthestaff.HenanProvincialHighway23inNanyangCityLinetoBangladeshfloorhabitatsDengzhousecondaryroadstraversingalterationworks,becauseitistheoldGM,themeasurementprincipleistomeettheregulatoryrequirementsunderthepremiseofusingtheoldasmuchaspossible.Easytocontrolthegenerallinesegment,andtheDepartmentinordertobendasmuchaspossiblealongtheoldroadonthebendradiusmustbeaverysuitablechoice.Wemeasuredthekeyis:

thepeople,asaftertheafter,after,as,toturnthecorneralongtheoldrelease5~6bendradiuscontrolpoint,soTotalStationtorecordthecoordinatesofpoints,sowithintheindustrytodealwithwires,theDepartmentofthesebendlinessuchastheuseofdesignsoftwareinHaitithroughthedebugradiuscurvesmakeasmuchaspossiblethroughthesepoints.IfbothsidesofalongerandalotofflatcurvesHousingDepartment,later,asintheoldcurvemeasured12pointstocontrolthecurve,includingtheindustrydealwiththepositionfoundinthecomplexcurveisthebestoptiontoavoidthesetcausedbythedemolitionofamulti-radiuscurvesandlinearnon-idealerrors.

1.5WiresshouldbenotedthattheissueofmeasurementTotalStationwiththewireusedtofightsomeoftheareasinneedofspecialattention,otherwiselargeerrorsmayariseevenleadtorework..1）Whenthelatter,aswemustpayattentiontopeopleafterthelegislation,as）thelatterpointofviewandcoordinatewiththeimportationofequipmentandtakethepointsConsistentstandard,itisbesttousewalkie-talkiecommunicationswitheachother6likedotswithaprismdependingontheexhausted,theusedequipmentafterthereleasepointofviewtoseewhetherthesamelocation,sothaterrorprobabilitycanbereducedtoaminimum.HenanProvincialHighway48inlineXixiathroughoutthewiremeasurement,asfirst-timecoordinates,apparatus,aircraftoperatorswillviewthesiteandpostthecoordinatesoftheanti-lost,resultinginShowmaponyourcomputerwhentheroadatthislocationfoundthatthe180°foldkokreturnedtomaketheworkdayhasbecomeworkwithnoavail2）Wherepossible,afterthepointofviewfromtheplanefartherfromthesite）aspossible,undernormalcircumstances,afterthetwositesandbetweenthepointofviewPutupastationshouldnotbelessthanthedistancetothedistancebetweenthemeasuringpoint,sotoensureaccuracy.3）Inthemeasurementofcoordinatesdonotbringdownthemirror,because）thewholepointMiriamcoreessenceofthecoordinatesoflaworbythedeclination,thedistanceobtainedinternalcalculationbythetotalstationdataprocessingmodulesareconvertedintocoordinates,sobringdownthemirrorcoordinatesystemisequivalenttorotatingthewhole180°,thatistosaylessbiasedangleof180°,theresultofcourseiswrong.4）Totalheightmeasurementhasitslimitations,themeasurementerrorofthemainelevationoftheobservationerrorfortheverticalangle,rangingerror,apparatus,highWithhighmeasurementerroroftheprism,whichisthreekindsoferrorsinverticalangleobservationtheimpactoftheerrorthemost,onlytotakeappropriatemeasurestoimprovetheaccuracyofobservation,suchastheuseofspylicenseallowedthegoaltoreplacetheprismastheappropriatemeasuretoincreasethenumberofshort-distancetransmissionofelevation,carefullychecktheamountofhighequipmentandhigherprism.Undernormalcircumstances,traversingthemeasuringpointintheelevationvaluesforreferenceonly,andcannotbeusedasthestandardofmeasurement.

2TotalStationinthecenterlineMeasurement

2.1putupastationinthelocationofchoice7Asfaraspossibletoselectthosehigher,dependingontheconditionsofagoodpass,youcanseemorepointsintheonlineposition.WehavejuststartedusingTotalStation,whennotpaidmuchattentiontothispoint,theresultstendtomoveoffstationMore,notonlyaffecttheprogress,butalsoaccuracy.Especiallyinmountainousareas,suchasontopofamountainwecanseeafewkilometersaroundthelocationinthepile,andalongbothsidesoftheroadoftenrequiresseveralstationsputuoastationcanonlybedepositedendofthissetupthecenterline.Anotherexampleisthemiddleofthemountainsedgestreamletactinomyceteline,asthehorizontalalignmentisoftennotideal,manyhillstoblocklineofsight,alwaysneedtostopseveraltimestomove,ifwechoosetoroutetheothersideoftheriverthemountain,Thegroundfloorortheroofoftheresidentsdo,suchasthelocationforputupastationcanbehighlyeffective.

2.2pointsfewerprocessingTotalStation,asthebarrierencounteredbythelayingofthecenterline,inthecaseofsmallpointsshouldbetakenfromthemachinescanseethemostrecentreleasePoints（generallynotinthelineofpoints）forthereferenceapproach.Routesinthemountainsandtheobstaclesweremorebuildings,andsometimesmovingequipmentwilltakea12pointmoveisoftennolongertheotherstations,Butwiththemobilereferencepointandreferencepointformeasuringacombinationofmethods,eachhasmadetosavetime,effort,andtheresultsmeettheaccuracyrequirements.

2.3TotalMeasurementApplicationoffunctionalskillsAlthoughtheleveloftotalstationmeasurementscumbersomeprocedures,andaccuracyisnothigh,butsometimesthefunctionofheightcanbemeasuredeffectively.AsinMountainedgestreamletlinemeasurementofchange,someroutesinseveralmidlinepointonthemountain,ifmeasuredbylevelingtotheelevationofthesepoints,basedonpastexperience,LevelturntothehilltopaftertwopreviousinstrumentsEasilyleadtoerroristoolarge,resultinginclosurebetweenthestandardpoints.Ourapproachis:

inthemountainsatthefootoftheelectionofafixedreferencepointforcomparison,WithtotalstationreadoutthepointsofZ-axisheight,andthenreleasewithTotalStationinthemidlinepointofthesehills,whentheypointthewaytomeasuretheZ-axisheightcanbecalculatedinrelationtothesepoints,thereferencepointthefootofthehill.The8elevation,sothatmeasuredbylevelingtheheightofthereferencepoint,coupledwiththeheightdifferencebetweenthem,theywillhavethehillsonthecenterlineoftheelevationpoints.Thisthebenefitis:

doesnotaffectthemeasurementaccuracyhasbeenthehighpointofthemountainatthesametime,thewaytoavoidlevelingeasilyleadtothestandardofthehillbetweentheoccurrenceofnon-closure.

2.4TotalStationwithothermeasurementmethodsusedinconjunctionMeasuringTotalStationcanbecenterlinetoimprovethemeasurementspeed,butbecauseofitsownmeasurementoftheuseofthemechanismofmakingithavesomelimitations,suchasthebarrier,when,asoftenrequiredwhenmovingpoints,inparticularMeasurementintheplains,asstationequipmenttomovealotoftimetodelay,theimpactofthemeasurements.Infact,theprocessoflayingthecenterlinedoesnotnecessarilyhavetorelytoomuchontotalstation,inconjunctionwiththeprevioustapeunderaflower,"wearbar"Law.Wemicro-hillintheplainsareas,