高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第学期 六选四解题技巧专项讲解及练习有答案.docx
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高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第学期六选四解题技巧专项讲解及练习有答案
六选四解题技巧
1、考点分析
六选四是高考新题型,由原来的任务型阅读改革而来,分值8分,语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低,但理解难度提高。
考察方式:
给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和6个选项。
要求考生根据文章内容,选出正确的句子填入
相应空白处。
有两个多余选项。
每个选项2分。
考纲解读:
主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选材特点:
短文长度一般为300词左右,题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。
设空类型:
1.主旨句:
标题类、主题句类;2.过渡性句子:
文章结构;3.细节注释性句子:
上下文逻辑意
义。
解题步骤:
1.通读全文,尤其是文章的开始部分,明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。
2.阅读选项,根据选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。
3.仔细阅读空前空后,寻找并划出关键词。
根据关键词,联系选项,基本确定需要填入句子的
内容。
一旦确定一个选项,就将其做上记号,避免造成干扰。
依次完成四个空。
(先易后难)
4.通读填入句子后的文章,再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。
口诀:
逻辑关系前后句,词汇重合上下文;内容全归所在段,语意通顺且连贯。
2、专题详解
答题技巧:
(一)注意关键词:
一名(名词)袋(代词)鼠(数词)很特殊,连(连词)蹦(动词)带跳很彪(标点/标题)悍。
除此之外,还有形容词。
1.词汇复现:
复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。
例1:
同词复现
……Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization”.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.
A.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.
B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.
C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.
D.Ancientpeoplehavenotlotsofphysicalexercise.
E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.
F.Peopletodayprobablydon’twanttolivelikeourancestors.
例2:
反义词复现
……Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…
A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.
B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.
C.Consideradistanceeducation.
D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.
例3:
派生词复现
Don’tfearpeople.
______.Thereasonmostpeopledon’ttakerisks,orliveontheedgeisthefearofwhatothersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikesbyeverybody.
A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths.
B.Neverletothers’opinionsguideyourchoices.
C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.
2.同范畴词
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现,达到语义衔接的目的。
可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词,从而达到快而准。
一般来说,上下文中词汇联系越接近,上下文的衔接关系最紧密。
例1:
……Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:
(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.
Talktoa“trustedadult”,suchasparentorotherrelatives.Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.(可以信任的人=父母+亲戚+朋友(同范畴))
A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.
B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.
C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways
D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.
E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.
F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.
3.代词提示:
代词出现频率极高,用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。
常用代词:
you...,your...,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs,myself,this,that,these,those,all,both,each,every,anybody,something,noone,none,some,any,no,who,whom,whose,what,which,that,as。
例1:
___73___Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,…
A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.
B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.
C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.
注意逻辑关系:
找准文章衔接词,理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。
主要逻辑关系包括:
1.并列关系:
first(ly),second(ly),……;first,then/next,……;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,……;
foronething,foranotherthing,……等;
2.递进关系:
too.also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,not…but…,
notonly……butalso等;
3.解释例证关系:
forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/
that’stosay……等;
4.因果关系:
because、becauseof、for、as、since、inthat、onaccountof、with、so、sothat、therefore、
thereby、asaresult、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly等;
5.对比转折关系:
however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,onthecontrary等
6.概括归纳关系:
inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,
inaword,tosumup等。
例:
Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Whenyoudobesurethatyouunderstand.
Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.(表转折)
A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.
B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.
C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.
D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.
E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.
F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.
(三)注意考察空位置:
1.小标题:
根据所在小段落内容进行归纳总结。
例:
Tellingsomeonethatyoucan’trememberhisnamecanactuallymakepeoplerelaxed.Mostofthem
willfeelsympathyifyousay,”I’mworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain?
”
A.Ifyoucan’trememberhisname,youmaytellhimthetruth.
B.Admityoudon’tknow.(小标题,简明)
C.Reciteandrepeatnames.
D.Letothershelpyouremembertheirnames.
2.正文中:
文章首句:
A.全文主题句;B.引出全文主题的句子(主题在其后);文章末句:
全文的总结(往往与开头呼应);首段末句:
A.承上启下,引出全文要谈的几个方面(段落);B.全文主题;段落首句:
A.段落主题句;B.引出下文的句子(可能是问句);C.段落间的过渡句(与上段呼应);段落末句:
A.段落主题句;B.(承上启下)引出下一段;C.本段所阐述问题的一个方面;D.本段空格前面内容的自然结论。
学生需要根据位置判断其所起作用。
练习:
例1:
Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight:
·Scheduleyearlyexams.__1__Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.
·ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.__2__
·Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.__3__Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:
every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.
·__4__Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.
·Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隐形眼镜).ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.__5__Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.
A.Eatyourgreens.
B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.
C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.
D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.
E.Parentsusuallydon'tcareabouttheirowneyesight.
F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforappropriatewear.
G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.
参考答案
【语篇导读】 本文讲述如何保持眼睛健康。
1.B [从空的下一句Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.可以看出视力应从娃娃抓起。
选项中“early”与下文中的“babies6to12monthsofage”相照应。
]
2.C [本段内容是说戴太阳镜防止紫外线伤害眼睛的问题。
无论在什么季节,戴太阳镜十分重要,他们可以保护你的眼睛,和上句为承接关系,因此选C。
]
3.G [上句提到:
三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他电子产品的时间多达七个小时,下一句应自然是:
这种频繁的用眼运动增加了视力疲劳的风险,G项为最佳答案。
]
4.A [本题应是本段的中心句。
从下文提及的健康饮食,多吃水果、蔬菜可以推知A项正确。
]
5.F [本段讲的是正确配戴隐形眼镜的问题。
要听从医生建议,恰当配戴,否则,也许会有红眼病,眼疼或者更加严重的眼部疾病,故F正确。
]
注意事项:
1.注意命题陷阱。
切忌当同样的词,同样的日期等在文章段落和选项中同时出现,就认为是正确选项。
必须带到文章中理解翻译,确保文章内容严谨。
2.灵活掌握答题顺序:
先易后难,排除法。
课堂练习
练习1
Behance,theNewYorkCity-basedstartupthatdevelopedanewplatformforcreativepeopleandteamstosharetheirwork,hasbeenacquiredbyAdobe.TheSanJose,Calif-basedsoftwaregiantisknownforitssuiteoftoolsforcreators,includingPhotoshop,IndesignandIllustrator.
Thoughtermsofthedealweren’tofficiallydisclosed,newsreportspegged(认定)thesalepriceatabout$150million.
1Theideawastogivecreativeindividualstheabilitytosharetheirdesignsandprojectswiththeworld---forfreeandontheirownterms.TheBehanceNetworkallowsuserstosharetheirmultimediaprojectswithothersinBehance’snetwork,includingsiteslikeLinkedin.Withthe“ProSite”tool,userscancreateaportfolio(代表作选集)websiteessentiallyfromscratch,foronlyabout$11permonth.
Inall,Behancesaysithashostedmorethan2.3millionpublicprojectsfromabout170countries.
2
Co-founderBelsky---whohelpedmanagealeadershipdevelopmentinitiativeatinvestmentbankingfirmGoldman,Sachs&Co.beforelaunchingBehance---satdownwithEntrepeneurlastyearforavideointerview.Fromthatconversation,hereareBelsky’stipsforstartinganinnovativebusiness:
●3“Don’tkeepallthedetailsofyourstartupideasecretuntilthey’rereadytobe‘sharedwiththeworld’,”Bleskysaid.Thebenefitsofgettingfeedbackonyourplansandideasalways“outweighthecosts”.
●Improverapidly.Beinginnovativemeanscomingupwithwildnewideas.Butsometimesthoseideasaren’talwaysbrilliant.4
A.Beingwillingtofail.
B.Shareideasliberally.
C.Innovationisabouttakingrisksandhavingtolerancebeforeyousucceed.
D.Whenyouhaveanidea,workhardandfasttomakeitevenbetter.
E.Behancewasfoundedin2006byScottBleskyandMatiasCorea,agraphicdesigner.
F.Thoseprojectshavegeneratedsome33.6million“appreciation”---theequivalentofa“like”onfeedback.
1.2.3.4.
参考答案:
1.E [通读可知,本段讲的是Behance,人名多次出现。
故与E项匹配。
]
2.F [选项F中的Thoseprojects指前一句中的morethan2.3