大学四级195.docx

大学四级195.docx

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大学四级195

大学四级-195

（总分：

693.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、{{B}}PartⅠWriting{{/B}}（总题数：

1，分数：

106.00）

1.1.世界上有许多桥，人与人之间也有一座桥。

2.人与人之间的桥很重要…3.如何维护好这座桥

（分数：

106.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：

（）

解析：

[经典范文]Intheworldthereexistlargenumbersofbridges,suchaswoodenbridges,stonebridges,whicharemostlybuilttoconnecttwoseparatedplaces.Also,thereisabridgebetweenpeople,thatis,thebridgeforpeopletocommunicatewitheachotherortoexchangetheirideas.Thebridgebetweenpeople,thoughinvisible,playsaveryimportantroleinourlife.Ontheonehand,bymeansofcommunicationwecanknowotherpeoplebetter,andmeanwhile,letourselvesbebetterknown.Moreimportantly,frequentexchangesofthoughtscontributetomutualunderstandingandfriendship.Lackofcommunication,ontheotherhand,mayleadtomisunderstandinganddisputes,bothofwhichareharmfultofriendshipamongpeople,orevenworse,tothepeaceoftheworld.So,itisreallyhardtoimaginewhatourlifewouldbelikeifthebridgebetweenpeoplecollapsed.Inordertobuildandmaintainthebridgebetweenpeopleweshouldactivelycommunicatewiththosearoundus,frequentlyparticipateinsocialactivities,andfullyrealizetheimportanceandnecessityofbridginggapsbetweenpeople.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveapeacefullifefulloffriendshipandlove.[名师支招]开头段从简述世界上有许多桥入手，引出人与人之间也有一座桥这一事实，中间段从正面论述人与人之间这座桥的重要性。

要求有条理、有重点。

结尾段提出如何维护好这座桥的建议，简明扼要为好。

[亮点回放]Also，thereisabridgebetweenpeople,thatis,thebridgeforpeopletocommunicatewitheachotherortoexchangetheirideas。

（表示追加说明，用于确切地解释某事物）Thebridgebetweenpeople,thoughinvisible,playsaveryimportantroleinourlife.（类似于ifpossible的无谓语动词的从句，可还原为thoughitisinvisible）Moreimportantly,frequentexchangesofthoughtscontributetomutualunderstandingandfriendship.（评注性状语，表示进一步列举）So,itisreallyhardtoimaginewhatourlifewouldbelikeifthebridgebetweenpeoplecollapsed.（描述某事物十分重要的句型，值得模仿）Onlyinthiswaycanweliveapeacefullifefulloffriendshipandlove.（适当利用倒装，使句型富有变化，但要注意主谓位置）

二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：

1，分数：

70.00）

{{B}}Sharks{{/B}}

Sharksareamazingfishthathavebeenaroundsincelongbeforethedinosaursexisted.Theyliveinwatersallovertheworld,ineveryocean,andeveninsomeriversandlakes.

{{B}}Sharksandbonyfish{{/B}}

Unlikebonyfish,sharkshavenobones;theirskeletonismadeofcartilage（软骨）,whichisatough,fibroussubstance,notnearlyashardasbone.Cartilage,astrongfibrous（纤维的）substance,issofterthanbone;ournoseandearsaremadeofcartilage.Sharksalsohavenoswimbladder（unlikebonyfish）.

{{B}}Size{{/B}}

Therearemanydifferentspeciesofsharksthatrangeinsizefromthesizeofaperson'shandtobiggerthanabus.TheWhalesharkisthelargestfishintheworld;thebaskingsharkisthesecondlargestfish.Fully-grownsharksrangeinsizefrom7incheslong（theSpinedPygmyshark）,upto50feetlong.Mostsharksareintermediateinsize,andareaboutthesamesizeaspeople,5-7feetlong.Halfofthesharkspeciesareunder39incheslong.

{{B}}Varietyofsharks{{/B}}

Thereareabout368differentspeciesofsharks,whicharedividedinto30families.Thesedifferentfamiliesofsharksareverydifferentinthewaylook,live,andeat.Theyhavedifferentshapes,sizes,color,fins,teeth,habitat,diet,personality,methodofreproduction,andotherattributes.Sometypesofsharkarevery.rareandsomearequitecommon.Thespinydogfishsharkisthemostcommonshark.

{{B}}Bodyshapes{{/B}}

Sharkshaveavarietyofbodyshapes.Mostsharkshavestreamlined（流线型的）,Somesharkshaveanelongatedbodyshape（e.g.,cookiecuttersharksandwobbegongs）.Sawsharkshaveelongatedsnouts,threshersharkshaveatremendouslyelongateduppertailfinwhichtheyusetostunprey,andhammerheadshaveextraordinarilywideheads.Thegoblinsharkhasalarge,pointedprotuberance（突出）onitshead;itspurposeisunknown.

{{B}}Teeth{{/B}}

Theteethofsharksarealsostriking.Sharksmayhaveupto3,000teethatonetime.Mostsharksdonotchewtheirfood,butswallowitdownwholeorinlargepieces.Theteetharearrangedinrows;whenonetoothisdamagedorlost,itisreplacedbyanother.Mostsharkshaveabout5rowsofteethatanytime.Thefrontsetisthelargestanddoesmostofthewok.

{{B}}Diet{{/B}}

Sharksvarygreatlyintheirdiets,buttheyareallcarnivores（食肉动物）.Someeatfish,othersharks,andmarinemammals;someeatshellfishfromtheoceanfloor;andotherseattinybitsofplankton（浮游动物）andsmallanimalsfromthewaterastheyswimwithopenmouths.Theyeathugeamountsofthesetinyanimalsandplants.

{{B}}Sharks'attacks{{/B}}

Whensomesharks（liketheGreatWhiteortheGrayReefshark）turnaggressivepriortoanattack,theyarchtheirbackandthrowbacktheirhead.Theyalsomovetheirtailmoreacutely（probablyinpreparationforachase）.

Sharksdonotnormallyattackpeople,andonlyabout25speciesofsharksareknowntoattackpeople.Sharksattackfewerthan100peopleeachyear.Manymorepeoplearekilledbybeesorlightning.

Thesharksthatarethemostdangeroustopeoplearethegreatwhiteshark,thetigershark,thebullshark,andtheoceanicwhitetipshark.Thebullsharkisthemostfrequentattackerofpeopleasitswimsinveryshallowwaterswherepeopleswimandisaveryplentifulshark.Someoftheothersharksthatareknowntohaveattackedpeopleincludethegrayshark,blueshark,hammerheadshark,makoshark,nurseshark,lemonshark,blacktipreefshark,wobbegongs,sandtiger,spittingsharks,andtheporbeagle.Somepeoplebelievethatsharksmistakepeople（especiallypeopleswimmingonsurfboards）forsealsandsealions,someoftheirfavoritefoods.

Occasionally,agroupofsharkswillattackafoodsource（forexample,aschooloffish）inamaniacalfashion.Theywillwildlyattackthefoodandanythinginthearea,eveneachother,sometimeswoundingoreatingfellowsharks.

{{B}}Habitat{{/B}}

Sharksliveinoceansandseasallovertheworld,andeveninsomeriversandlakes,especiallyinwarmerwaters.Somesharkslivenearthesurface,somelivedeepinthewater,andothersliveonorneartheoceanfloor.Pelagic（远洋的）sharks（livingintheopenocean）includethegreatwhiteshark,thebaskingshark,etc.Benthicsharks（livingattheoceanfloor）includethezebrahornshark,thewohhegongs,andtheangelshark,whichusuallyhaveflattened,camouflaged（伪装的）bodiesthatletthemhideintheseabed.SomesharksevenventuremanymilesupintothefreshwaterofriversliketheMississippiintheUSAandtheArhazoninBrazil.Thebullshark（Carcharhinusleucas）sometimesventuresintofreshwater.

{{B}}Migrationofsharks{{/B}}

Somesharksliveinrelativelywarmwaters（hammerheads,bullsharks,andtigersharks）.Othersharks,suchasthethresher,mako,baskingandblueshark,liveintemperatewater（whichisneitherhotnorcold）.Others,includingthedogfish,Greenland,andgoblin,liveincoolwaters.SomesharksstayinthesameregionintheirentirelivesWhileotherstravelacrossoceans.Therearethreedifferenttypesofsharkswhenitcomestomigratory（迁移的）patterns:

localsharks,coastalpelagicsharks,andhighlypelagicsharks.Localsharksdonotmigrate,andrangeonlyaboutahundredmilesfromtheirhabitat,coastalpelagicsharkscanmigrateover1,000miles,whilehighlypelagicsharksmigrateacrossoceans.

{{B}}Evolutionofsharks{{/B}}

Sharkshaveexistedforover350millionyears.Theyevolvedover100millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdid.Thiswaslongbeforepeopleevolved.Mostfossilevidenceofearlysharksisfromfossilizedteethandafewskinimpressions.Cladodonts,primitivesharks,haddouble-pointedteeth,wereupto6feetlonglivedabout360millionyearsago;theyatefishandcrustaceans（甲壳类）.

Megalodonwasanancient,meat-eatingshark,livingbetween25-1.6millionyearsago;itisextinct.Itwasover40feetlong,butthisisonlyanestimatefromfossilteeththathavebeenfound.Itsteethresemblethoseofthegreatwhitesharkbutarealmost3timeslarger;theseteethareeachthesizeofaperson'shand!

（分数：

70.00）

（1）.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Thepassagetellsusthehabitatandmigrationofsharks.

 B.Thepassagetellsuswhysharksaredangeroustopeople.

 C.Thepassageintroducestheevolutionalprocessofsharks.

 D.Thepassageintroducesthebasicinformationaboutsharks. √

解析：

题目问的是文章的大意，通过快速浏览文章的小标题，不难发现，文章介绍鲨鱼的大小、种类、外形、牙齿等基本信息。

（2）.Differentfrommostfish,sharks'bodyisupheldby______.（分数：

7.00）

 A.bones

 B.cartilage √

 C.fiber

 D.skeleton

解析：

根据题干中的differentfrommostfishes定位到第一个小标题首句，该句指出：

和其他鱼不同的是，鲨鱼没有骨头（bones），其骨架是由软骨（cartilage）构成。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionaboutthesizeofsharksisTRUE?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Mostsharksareaboutthesamesizeashumanbeings. √

 B.Sharksarethelargestfish,mostofthemarebiggerthanbuses.

 C.Mostsharksaremuchlongerthanhumanbeings.

 D.Sharksarebiganimals,mostofthemareabout50feetlong.

解析：

根据题干中的thesizeofsharks定位到Size标题下，倒数第二句提到“Mostsharksareintermediateinsize,andareaboutthesamesizeaspeople,5～7feetlong（大部分鲨鱼体型中等，5～7英尺长，和人的身高差不多）”。

（4）.Whichofhefollowingsharksisthemostcommonshark?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Thewhaleshark.

 B.Thespinydogfishshark. √

 C.Thebaskingshark.

 D.Thegreatwhiteshark.

解析：

根据题干中的themostcommonshark定位到Varietiesofsharks标题下最后一句“Thespinydogfishsharkisthemostcommonshark”，显然选项B）与之完全相符。

（5）.Sharkseattheirfoodby______?

（分数：

7.00）

 A.Sucking

 B.swallowing √

 C.grinding

 D.chewing

解析：

根据题干中的eatfood定位到