英语专题卷专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》.docx

英语专题卷专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》.docx

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英语专题卷专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》

2020英语专题卷

专题二：

阅读理解说明类专练

第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共30分）

一．阅读理解

A（考点17较易）

   IntheUnitedStates,itisimportanttobeontime,orpunctual,foranappointment,aclass,ameeting,etc.However,thismaynotbetrueinallcountries.AnAmericanprofessordiscoveredthedifferencewhileteachingaclassinaBrazilian（巴西的）university.Thetwo-hourclasswasscheduledtobeginat10A.M.andendat12.Onthefirstday,whentheprofessorarrivedontime,noonewasintheclassroom.Manystudentscameafter10:

30A.M.Twostudentscameafter11A.M.Althoughallthestudentsgreetedtheprofessorastheyarrived,fewapologized（道歉）fortheirlateness.Werethesestudentsbeingrude?

Hedecidedtostudythestudents’behavior.

   TheprofessortalkedtoAmericanandBrazilianstudentsaboutlatenessinbothaninformalandaformalsituation:

atalunchwithafriendandinauniversityclass,respectively.Hegavethemanexampleandaskedthemhowtheywouldreact,Iftheyhadalunchappointmentwithafriend,theaverageAmericanstudentdefinedlatenessas19minutesaftertheagreedtime.Ontheotherhand,theaverageBrazilianstudentfeltthefriendwaslateafter33minutes.

   InanAmericanuniversity,studentsareexpectedtoarriveattheappointedhour.Incontrast,inBrazil,neithertheteachernorthestudentsalwaysarriveattheappointedhour.ClassesnotonlybeginatthescheduledtimeintheUnitedStates,butalsoendatthescheduledtime.IntheBrazilianclass,onlyafewstudentslefttheclassat12:

00;manyremainedpast12:

30todiscusstheclassandaskmorequestions.WhilearrivinglatemaynotbeveryimportantinBrazil,neitherisstayinglate.

1.Theword‘punctual’mostprobablymeans________.考点17易

A.leavingsoonafterclassB.comingearly

C.arrivingafewminuteslateD.beingontime

2.WhydidtheprofessorstudytheBrazilianstudents’behavior?

考点17易

A.Hefeltpuzzledatthestudents’beinglate.

B.Hefeltangryatthestudents'rudeness.

C.Hewantedtomakethestudentscomeontimelater.

D.Hewantedtocollectdataforoneofhisstudies.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheprofessor’sstudyoflatenessintheinformalsituationthat__________.考点17易

A.Americanstudentswillbecomeimpatientiftheirfriendisfiveminuteslate

B.neitherBraziliannorAmericanstudentslikebeinglateinsocialgatherings

C.beinglateinoneculturemaynotbeconsideredsorudeinanotherculture

D.Brazilianstudentswillnotcomethirty-threeminutesaftertheagreedtime

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

考点17易

A.ItisimportanttobeontimeforclassintheUnitedStates.

B.Theimportanceofbeingontimediffersamongcultures.

C.Peoplelearntheimportanceoftimeonlyfromtheirownculture.

D.Studentsbeinglateforclassshouldexplainthereasontotheirteacher.

B（考点17中难）

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersismere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）,LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

5.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

考点17易

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.

B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.

D.Theywerecloselyconnected.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?

考点17易

A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern.

7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.考点17易

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

C（考点17中难）

Australia,thelastcontinent,wasdiscoveredbyshipsbelongingtosomeEuropeannationsintheseventeenthcentury,thesenationswerelessinterestedinchangingitintoacolony（殖民地）thaninexploring（勘探）it.AsintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates,itwastheEnglishwhosetupthesettlements（新拓展地）inAustralia.ThishistoryandthegeographyofthesetwoBritishcolonieshavesomeotherthingsincommonaswell.

AustraliaandtheUnitedStatesareaboutthesameinsize,andtheirwesternlandsarebothnotrichinsoil.ItwastheeasterncoastofAustraliaandAmericathattheEnglishfirstsettled,andbothcoloniessoonbegantodeveloptowardsthewest.However,thiswestwardmovementtookplacemorebecausetheEnglishweresearchingforbetterlandthanbecausethepopulationwasincreasing.SettlementsofthewesternpartofbothcountriesdevelopedquicklyaftergoldwasdiscoveredinAmericain1849andinAustraliatwoyearslater.

Althoughthedevelopmentofthesetwocountrieshasalotincommon,thesearesomestrikingdifferencesaswell.TheUnitedStatesgaineditsindependencefromEnglandbyrevolutionwhileAustraliawonitsindependencewithouthavingtogotowar.Australia,unliketheUnitedStates,wasfirstlyturnedintoacolonybyEnglishprisonersanditseconomicdevelopmentwasinwheatgrowingandsheepraising.By1922,forexample,Australiahadfifteentimesmoresheepthanithadpeople,oralmosthalfasmanysheepasthepeoplethereintheUnitedStates.Yet,inspiteoftheseandothermaindifferences,AustraliaandtheUnitedStateshavemoreincommonwitheachotherthaneitheronehaswithmostoftherestoftheworld.

8.WhoturnedAustraliaintoacolony?

考点17易

A.Britain

B.SeveralEuropeancountries.

C.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

D.Noneoftheabove.

9.IntheearlyhistoryofAmericaandAustralia,bothcoloniesdevelopedtowardsthewestfirstlyforthereasonthat______考点17易

A.thepopulationwasincreasingrapidlyintheeast

B.theEnglishthoughttheremightbericherlandthere

C.goldwasdiscoveredthere

D.fewerpeoplelivedthere

10.Intheearly1920s______考点17易

A.Australiahadonefifteenthasmanypeopleassheep

B.thereweremoresheepinAustraliathanintheUnitedStates

C.thepopulationinAustraliawasgreaterthanthatoftheUnitedStates

D.theUnitedStateshadtwiceasmanysheepaspeople

11.Thelastsentenceinthelastparagraph“AustraliaandtheUnitedStateshavemoreincommonwitheachotherthaneitheronehaswithmost考点17中难

A.theUnitedStatesandAustraliadonothaveanymaindifferences

B.theUnitedStatesandAustraliahavemuchmoreincommonthantheyhavewithothercountries

C.theUnitedStatesandAustraliahavenothingincommonwiththerestoftheworld

D.incommonwiththerestoftheworld,theUnitedStatesandAustraliahavealotofdifferences

D（考点17易）

MarcoPolowasborninItalyin1254.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.WhentheyeventuallyarrivedinBeijing,theywerewarmlywelcomedbyKublaiKhan,theYuanDynastyEmperor.Marcowasverycleverandcouldspeakfourlanguages.TheEmperorwasimpressedbyhimandtheybecamefriends.HeaskedMarcotoserveinhiscourtandsenthimtosomanyimportanttasksacrossthecountry.

MarcoPolo,inturn,wasamazedbyhowbeautifulandpowerfulChinawas.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperor’sPalace,especiallytheSummerPalace.

ThereweremanyinventionsanddevelopmentsinChina,whichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.MarcoPolowasamazedtoseeChinesepeopleusingpapermoneyinmarkets.InEurope,peoplepaidforgoodswithgoldorsilver.Hewasalsoconfusedbytheblackstonespeopleusedtoburnforfuel,ashehadneverseencoalbefore!

After17yearsofservicetotheEmperor,MarcoPoloreturnedtoItaly.Unluckily,alocalwarbrokeout,andhewascaughtandputintoprison.HemetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.Theprisonerwasanauthorandhetookdictationwhilelistening.LaterhewrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,oneofthebestsellers（畅销书）inEurope.

12.WhydidMarcoPoloandhisfathertraveltoChina?

考点17易

A.TotradewithChinese.

B.TodrawamapofChina

C.TowriteabookaboutChina.

D.TomakefriendswiththeChinese.

13.MarcoPolowasamazedtoseeChinesepeoplepayingforgoodswith______.考点17易

A.gold

B.silver

C.papermoney

D.blackstones

14.WhowrotethebookTheDescriptionsoftheWorld?

考点17易

A