智能家居系统英文文献翻译.docx

智能家居系统英文文献翻译.docx

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毕业设计（论文）外文文献及译文

院

（部）：

电气与控制工程学院

专

业：

自动化

班

级：

1004班

姓

名：

梁青

学

号：

1006050413

指导教师：

杨学存

翻译日期：

2014-6-5

ForeignLiterature

Increasinganindividual’squalityoflifeviatheirintelligenthome

Thehypothesisofthisprojectis:

cananindividual’squalityoflifebeincreasedbyintegrating“intelligenttechnology”intotheirhomeenvironment.Thishypothesisisverybroad,andhencetheresearcherswillinvestigateitwithregardtovarious,potentiallyover-lapping,sub-sectionsofthepopulation.Inparticular,theprojectwillfocusonsub-sectionswithhealth-careneeds,becauseitisbelievedthatthesesub-sectionswillreceivethegreatestbenefitfromthisenhancedapproachtohousing.Tworesearchquestionsflowfromthishypothesis:

whatarethehealth-careissuesthatcouldbeimprovedvia“intelligenthousing”,andwhatarethetechnologicalissuesneedingtobesolvedtoallow“intelligenthousing”tobeconstructed?

Whileasmallnumberofinitiativesexist,outsideCanada,whichclaimtoinvestigatethisarea,nonehastheglobalvisionofthisarea.Worktendstobeinsmallareaswithonlyalimitedideaofhowtheindividualpiecescontributetowardsagreatergoal.Thisprojecthasaverystrongsenseofwhatitistryingtoattempt,andbelievesthatwithoutthisglobaldirectiontheotherinitiativeswillfailtoaddressthelargeimportantissuesdescribedwithinvariouspartsofthisproposal,andthatwiththecorrectglobaldirectionthesumofthepartswillproducemuchgreaterrewardsthantheindividualcomponents.Thisnewfieldhasmanyparallelswiththefieldofbusinessprocessengineering,wheremanyproductsfailduetoonlyconsideringasub-setoftheissues,typicallythetechnologysubset.Successfulprojectsandimplementationsonlystartedflowwhenpeoplestartedtorealizethataholisticapproachwasessential.Thisholisticrequirementalsoappliestothefieldof“smarthousing”;ifwegenuinelywantittohavebenefittothecommunityratherthanjusttechnologicalinterest.Havingsaidthis,muchoftheworkoutlinedbelowisextremelyimportantandcontainsagreatdealofnoveltywithintheirindividualtopics.

Health-CareandSupportivehousing：

Todate,therehasbeenlittlecoordinatedresearchonhow“smarthouse”technologiescanassistfrailseniorsinremainingathome,and/orreducethecostsexperiencedbytheirinformalcaregivers.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedresearchistodeterminetheusefulnessofavarietyofresidentialtechnologiesinhelpingseniorsmaintaintheirindependenceandinhelpingcaregiverssustaintheircaringactivities.

Theoveralldesignoftheresearchistofocusontwogroupsofseniors.Thefirstisseniors

whoarebeingdischargedfromanacutecaresettingwiththepotentialforreducedabilitytoremainindependent.Anexampleisseniorswhohavehadhipreplacementsurgery.Thisgroupmaybenefitfromtechnologiesthatwouldhelpthembecomeadaptedtotheirreducedmobility.Thesecondisseniorswhohaveachronichealthproblemsuchasdementiaandwhoarereceivingassistancefromaninformalcaregiverlivingatadistance.Informalcaregiverslivingatadistancefromthecared-forseniorareathighriskofcaregiverburnout.Monitoringthecared-forseniorforhealthandsafetyisoneoftheimportanttasksdonebysuchcaregivers.Devicessuchasfloorsensors（todeterminewhethertheseniorhasfallen）andaccesscontrolstoensuresafetyfromintrudersortoindicateelopementbyaseniorwithdementiacouldreducecaregivertimespentcommutingtomonitorthesenior.

Forbothsamples,trialswouldconsistofextendedperiodsofresidencewithinthe‘smarthouse’.Samplesofseniorsbeingdischargedfromacutecarewouldberecruitedfromacutecarehospitals.Samplesofseniorsbeingcaredforbyinformalcaregiversatadistancecouldberecruitedthroughdementiadiagnosisclinicsorthroughrequestfromcaregiversforrespite.

Limitedamountsofclinicalandhealthserviceresearchhasbeenconducteduponseniors（withcomplexhealthproblems）incontrolledenvironmentssuchasthatrepresentedbythe“smarthouse”.Forexample,itisknownthatnightvisionoftheagedispoorbutthereisverylittleinformationregardingtheoptimumleveloflightingafterwakeningorfornightactivities.Fallingisamajorissueforolderpersons;anditresultsininjuries,disabilitiesandadditionalhealthcarecosts.Forthosewithdementingillnesses,safetyisthekeyissueduringperformanceoftheactivitiesofdailyliving（ADL）.ItisvitalforustobeabletomonitorwherepatientswouldfallduringADL.Patientsandcaregiversactivitieswouldbemonitoredanddatawillbecollectedinthefollowingconditions.

Projectswouldconcentrateonsub-populations,withaviewtocollectingscientificdataabouttheirconditionsandtheimpactoftechnologyupontheirlifestyles.Forexample:

Personswithstablechronicdisabilityfollowingastrokeandtheircaregivers:

toresearchoptimummodels,typesandlocationofvarioussensorsforsuchpatients（thesepatientsmayhaveneglect,hemiplegia,aphasiaandjudgmentproblems）;toresearchpatternofmovementsduringtheambulation,useofwheelchairsorcanesonvarioustypeoffloormaterial;toresearchcaregiverssupportthroughe-healthtechnology;tomonitorfrequenciesandlocationofthefalls;toevaluatethevalueofsmartappliancesforstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluateinformationandcommunicationtechnologysetupforTele-homecare;toevaluate

technologyinterfaceforTele-homecarestaffandclients;toevaluatethemosteffectivewayoflightingthevariouspartofthehouse;tomodifyordevelopnewtechnologytoenhancecomfortandconvenienceofstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofsurveillancesystemsinassistingcaregivers.

PersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandtheircaregivers:

toevaluatetheeffectofsmarthouse（unfamiliarenvironment）ontheirabilitytoconductself-carewithandwithoutprompting;toevaluatetheirabilitytouseunfamiliarequipmentinthesmarthouse;toevaluateandmonitorpersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseasemovementpattern;toevaluateandmonitorfallsorwandering;toevaluatethetypeandmodelofsensorstomonitorpatients;toevaluatetheeffectofwallcolorforpatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofproperlighting.

Technology-UbiquitousComputing：

Theubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureisviewedasthebackboneofthe“intelligence”withinthehouse.Incommonwithallubiquitouscomputingsystems,theprimarycomponentswiththissystemwillbe:

thearrayofsensors,thecommunicationinfrastructureandthesoftwarecontrol（baseduponsoftwareagents）infrastructure.Again,itisconsideredessentialthatthistopicisinvestigatedholistically.

Sensordesign:

Thefocusofresearchherewillbedevelopmentof（micro）-sensorsandsensorarraysusingsmartmaterials,e.g.piezoelectricmaterials,magnetostrictivematerialsandshapememoryalloys（SMAs）.Inparticular,SMAsareaclassofsmartmaterialsthatareattractivecandidatesforsensingandactuatingapplicationsprimarilybecauseoftheirextraordinarilyhighworkoutput/volumeratiocomparedtoothersmartmaterials.SMAsundergoasolid-solidphasetransformationwhensubjectedtoanappropriateregimeofmechanicalandthermalload,resultinginamacroscopicchangeindimensionsandshape;thischangeisrecoverablebyreversingthethermomechanicalloadingandisknownasaone-wayshapememoryeffect.Duetothismaterialfeature,SMAscanbeusedasbothasensorandanactuator.AveryrecentdevelopmentisanefforttoincorporateSMAsinmicro-electromechanicalsystems（MEMS）sothatthesematerialscanbeusedasintegralpartsofmicro-sensorsandactuators.

MEMSareanareaofactivitywheresomeofthetechnologyismatureenoughforpossiblecommercialapplicationstoemerge.Someexamplesaremicro-chemicalanalyzers,humidityandpressuresensors,MEMSforflowcontrol,syntheticjetactuatorsandopticalMEMS（forthenextgenerationinternet）.IncorporatingSMAsinMEMSisarelativelyneweffortinthe

researchcommunity;tothebestofourknowledge,onlyonegroup（Prof.GregCarman,MechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles）hassuccessfullydemonstratedthedynamicpropertiesofSMA-basedMEMS.Here,thefocuswillbetoharnessthesensingandactuationcapabilitiesofsmartmaterialstodesignandfabricateusefulandeconomicallyviablemicro-sensorsandactuators.

Communications:

Constructionanduseofan“intelligenthouse”offersextensiveopportunitiestoanalyzeandverifytheoperationofwirelessandwiredhome-basedcommunicationservices.Whilesomeofthesearealreadywidelyexplored,manyoftheissueshavereceivedlittleornoattention.Itisproposedtoinvestigatethefollowingissues:

Measurementofchannelstatisticsinaresidentialenvironment:

knowledgeoftheindoorwirelesschannelstatisticsiscriticalforenablingthedesignofefficienttransmittersandreceivers,aswellasdeterminingappropriatelevelsofsignalpower,datatransferrates,modulationtechniques,anderrorcontrolcodesforthewirelesslinks.Interference,channeldistortion,andspectrallimitationsthatarisesasaresultofequipmentforthedisabled（wheelchairs,IVstands,monitoringequipment,etc.）isofparticularinterest.

Design,analysis,andverificationofenhancedantennasforindoorwirelesscommunications.Indoorwirelesscommunicationspresenttheneedforcompactandruggedantennas.Newantennadesigns,optimizedfordesireddatarates,frequencyofoperation,andspatialrequirements,couldbecon