宾语从句教案.docx

宾语从句教案.docx

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宾语从句教案

宾语从句

一、定义及种类

定义：

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语

宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。

及物动词宾语：

Idon’tknowwhathelikes.

介词宾语：

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherit’sacatoradog.

形容词宾语：

IamsorryIamlate.Iamgladthatyoucanjoinus.

种类：

根据不同的引导词分为三类：

that引导：

Hesaidthathewantedtostayathome.

whether/if引导：

Heaskedmewhether/if（是否）hecouldgo.

特殊疑问词引导：

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

二、宾语从句——引导词、语序、时态

1.引导词

①由_______________引导

Idon’tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.

that后加陈述语序，由陈述句变化而来。

这里的that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。

②由_______________引导（其意思是__________）

Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshelikesZhengzhou.

Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelphim.

whether/if后加陈述语序，由一般疑问句转化而来。

③由_______________引导

Idon’tknowwhyhelovescrying.

Heaskedwhowasthebest.

Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?

特殊疑问词后加陈述语序，由特殊疑问句转化而来。

这些特疑问词（wh-/h-）分为连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how。

他们在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

趁热打铁：

选择合适的引导词，没有引导词的需要自己填写

1.Doyouknow_________elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?

（who,that）

2.Hedoesn’tknow_________hewilldoitwell.（if,who）

3.Jimtoldme_________hedidn’tgofishingyesterday.（how,that,if）

4.Iwasreallysurprisedat_________Isaw.（where,what,if）

5.Doyouknow_________youarestudyingfor?

（why,what,whether）

6.—Doyouknow_________themanwithglassesis?

—Areporter,Ithink.（who,what,whether,that）

7.—Couldyoutellme_________hecamehere？

—Hedroveherehimself．

8.—Doesanyoneknow_________thefamouswriterwasborn？

—Iknow!

InZhengzhou,right？

9.—Doyouknow_________heisgoingtostayinShenzhen？

—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Maybeafewweeks,butI’mnotsure．

10.—I’mnotsure_________therearelivingthingsonotherplanets．

—Evenscientistsaren’tsureaboutit．

2.语序

宾语从句的语序都是__________语序

①that引导的宾语从句：

从句由陈述句转化而来，结构为：

that+陈述语序

TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesays.

→HesaysthattheseflowersarefromGuangdong.

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertellsus.

→Myteachertellsus_______________________________________.

②whether/if引导的宾语从句：

从句由一般疑问句转化而来，结构为：

whether/if+陈述语序

Isitgoodforourhealth?

Sheasks.

→Sheaskswhetheritisgoodforourhealth.

Doeshelivethere?

Iwanttoknow.

→Iwanttoknow__________________________________________.

Cantheboyplaythepiano?

Heasksme.

→Heasksme____________________________________________.

③特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：

从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，结构为：

wh-/h-+陈述语序

Howoftendoessheexercise?

Iwanttoknow.

→Iwanttoknowhowoftensheexercises.

Whyisthetrainlate?

Doyouknow?

→Doyouknow__________________________________________?

Whataretheydoingforvacation?

Jimasks.

→Jimasks______________________________________________.

Whocanswim?

Idon’tknow.

→Idon’tknow___________________________________________.

注意：

当特殊疑问词作主语时，此时特殊疑问句为陈述语序，将它放在宾语从句中语序不变。

特殊疑问词作主语的句子有：

Whoissingingintheroom?

/WhocanspeakEnglish?

/Whowants…?

Whosebikeisbroken?

/Whosedressisthemostbeautiful?

What’swrong?

/What’sthematter?

/What’sup?

/Whathappened?

3.时态

①如果主句是现在的时态，如一般现在时、现在进行时等，宾语从句____________________即_______________

Shesaysthatsheisastudent.

Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.

They’retalkingaboutwheretheywillgo.

②如果主句是过去的时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时等，宾语从句____________________即_______________

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

Theyweretalkingaboutwheretheywouldgo.

③如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或一般事实，不论主句什么时态，从句时态都要用____________________

即_______________

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

趁热打铁：

把下面的句子变成宾语从句

1.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?

Idon’tknow.

Idon’tknow_________hestill_________inthatstreet.

2.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?

Idon’tknow.

Idon’tknow_________thewatch_________madeinShanghai.

3.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.

Hesaid_________theseflowers_________fromGuangdong.

4.Dotheywantfriedchicken?

Heaskedtheboys.

Heaskedtheboys_________they_________friedchicken.

5.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.

Myteachertoldme_________light_________fasterthansound.

6.What’shisname?

Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat___________________________.

7.Wheredidsheparkhercar?

Doyouknow?

Doyouknow___________________________hercar?

8.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?

Idon’tknow.

Idon’tknow__________________atthedoorsoloudly.

9.Howmanypeoplecantheyseeinthepicture?

Whoknows?

Whoknows_________________________________________inthepicture?

10.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?

Thegirlwondered.

Thegirlwondered__________________often_________about.

三、宾语从句须注意

1.以下情况不能省略that

①当有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可省略第一个that，其他不能省略。

Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．

②当it作形式宾语时

Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．

③当宾语从句前置时

Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．

2.whether和if的用法

whether/if意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。

whether则多用于比较正式的文体中，if多用于口语和非正式文体中。

只用whether的3种情况：

①在带to的动词不定式前

Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.

②在介词后

I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

③直接与ornot连用时

Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.

3.含宾语从句的复合句和简单句的转换

I’venoideawhatI’mgoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.

CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?

=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?

①主句主语和从句主语一致时，可以进行变化

②主句的间接宾语和从句主语一致时，可以进行变化

4.宾语从句的否定转移

主句是第一人称，谓语动词是think/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expect等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。

如：

我认为鸡不会游泳。

误：

Ithinkchickenscannotswim.

正：

Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.

5.宾语从句中的it

动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.

我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.

IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯。

趁热打铁：

完成下列句子

1.我认为这个故事很没趣。

I_______thinkthestory_______interesting．

2.CouldyoutellmehowIshouldusethedictionary?

（变成简单句）

Couldyoutellme__________thedictionary?

3.I’mnotsure_______tostayorleave.（whether/if）

4.Itdependson_______helikesthenovel.（whether/if）

5.Heaskedme_______ornotIwascoming.（whether/if）

课堂练习

一、判断对错，在原句上进行改正

（）1.Ican’tseethatwhatisoverthere.

（）2.Doyouknowhowoldisshe?

（）3.Shedidn’ttellmewhatshelikes.

（）4.Shedidn’tknowwhenshewillcome.

（）5.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.

（）6.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.

（）7.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.

二、单选

（）8.—Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?

—Fortyminutes.Butit’sfoggytoday.I’mnotsure______thehighwaywillclosessoon.Let’ssetoff（出发）earlier.

A.whetherB.whenC.howD.why

（）9.Whatanicepaperfish!

Canyoushowus______youmakeit?

A.whetherB.howC.whyD.what

（）10.—Doyouknow______thegirlinblueis?

—I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.

A.whoseB.howC.whatD.which

（）11.Doyouknow______Isawyesterday?

Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!

A.whomB.whenC.whereD.how

（）12.Ourphysicsteachertolduslight______fasterthansound.

A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravel

（）13.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMum______.Imissherverymuch.

—Shewillreturnwhenshefinisheshertask.Andshewillbringanicepresentforyou.

A.returnB.returnsC.willreturnD.returned

（）14.—Helen,doyouknowifMartin______tomypartynextweek?

—Ithinkhewillcomeifheisfree.

A.willcomeB.comeC.comesD.came

（）15.Idon’tknowifhe______totheEnglishcorner,butI’llaskhim

aboutthatwhenhecomestotheclass.

A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.go

（）16.Canyoutellme______?

A.whendoyouusuallyhavebreakfast

B.whatdoyouthinkofthismagazine

C.whyyouputofftheparty

D.whyareyouinterestedinchattingonline

（）17.—Hi,Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.

—Thanks.Iwonder______.

A.whotheletterwasfromB.whowasfromtheletter

C.whowastheletterfromD.whofromtheletterwas

（）18.—Couldyoupleasetellme______?

—Yes,sure.

A.ifthereisabookshopnearhere

B.wherecanIbuyastamp

C.whenwillthenextbusarrive

D.youliketoeatwhat

（）19.Pleasetellme______toimprovemyEnglish.

A.whatIcandoB.whatcanIdo

C.howIcandoD.howcanIdo

（）20.—Tellme______.

—Well,it’slike…

A.whatiswrongwithitB.whatisit

C.whatthematteriswithitD.whatisitlike

（）21.—Couldyoutellme______?

—AttheendofJuly.

A.howoftenheheardfromhispenpal

B.howsoonhewillbehere

C.thathewentonvacation

D.whenyouwillstartyourvacation

（）22.—Couldyoutellme______?

—TogetreadyfortheHighSchoolEntranceExam.

A.whatheisbusyB.whyhestaysup

C.ifheisworriedD.wherehecanpasstheexam

（）23.Canyoutellme______?

A.howmuchistheredsweater

B.howmuchtheredsweateris

C.what’sthepriceoftheredsweater

D.howmanytheredsweateris

（）24.—MissLee,Ididn’tcatchwhatyousaid.Couldyoutellme

______again?

—OK.

A.whatshouldwetakeB.whereshallwemeet

C.whenwewouldstartD.howwewillgetthere

（）25.Asamiddleschoolstudent,weshouldstartthinkingabout______

forourcountryinthefuture.

A.whatwedidB.whatdidwedo

C.whatwecandoD.whatcanwe