分词独立主格练习with结构Word格式.docx
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Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.
二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
ItbeingSunday,alltheofficesareclosed.
2．名词（或代词）+to+V（短语）
不定式表示将来的动作。
1）Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.
2）Manyflowersandgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.
3．名词（或代词）+Ved
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。
1）Thegirlslayonherback,herhandscrossedunderherhead.
2）Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.
3）Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.
4．名词（或代词）+形容词（短语）
形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态
1）Thefloorwet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.
2）Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.
5．名词（或代词）+副词
副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。
1）Themeetingover,weallwenthome.
2）Schoolover,weallwenthome.
6．名词（或代词）+介词短语
1）Arobberburstintotheroom,knife
inhand.
2）Helefttheoffice,tearsineyes.
在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。
但with的复合结构不受此限制。
例如：
Theteachercamein,
withabookinhishand.
三、独立主格结构的作用：
多用作状语
1.表示时间
Hishomeworkdone（=Afterhishomeworkwasdone）,Marydecidedtogoshopping.
2.表示原因
Therebeingnobuses（=Becausetherewerenobuses），wehadtowalkhome.
3.表示条件
Weatherpermitting（=Ifweatherpermits），we’llgotoplaybasketball.
4.表示方式或伴随
Hesatatthetable,
head
down.
l动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，
l动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，
l动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
1）Themanagerlooksworried，manythingstobesettled.
2）Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.
3）Themanlaythere,
hishandstrembling.
四、With（without）的复合结构的构成以及句法功能
（一）、with/without+宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况:
1.with+名词/代词+形容词
Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.
=Hedoesn’tliketosleepwhenthewindowsareopen.
注意：
在“with+名词/代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词
形式或-ed形式。
Withhissonsodisappointing，theoldmanfeltunhappy.
Withhisfatherwell-known,theboydidn’twanttostudy.
2.with+名词/代词+副词
Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.
=Theboywaswalkingandhisfatherwasahead.
3.with+名词/代词+介词短语
Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.
=Hestoodatthedoor,andacomputerwasinhishand.
4.with+名词/代词+Ved
Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
5.with+名词/代词+Ving
Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.
=Thegirlhidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas.
Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.
=Whennoonewasnoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.
6.with+名词/代词+todo
Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.
=Thelittleboylookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo.
（二）、With（without）的复合结构的句法功能：
定语和状语
1.Thereisamagazinewithamoderngirlonitscover.（定语）
2.Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.
=Hestoodintherain,andhisclotheswerewet.（伴随状语）
3Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.=Thekidfeelsexcitedastherearesomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.（原因状语）
4．Withthesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.
=Afterthesignalwasgiven,thetrainstarted.（时间状语）
分词短语，独立主格，with结构
1.分词短语做状语
把复合句改写成分词短语做状语
1）if，as,when,after等状语从句及伴随状语（并列句）
2）二个句子主语不一致
公式：
Ving
Ved
Havingdone
Havingbeendone
2.分词独立主格结构
把复合句改写成分词独立主格结构做状语
1）if,as,when,after,状语从句及并列句等
n.（pron）+Ving/Ved/todo/adj/adv
n.（pron）+havingdone/havingbeendone
n.（pron）+介词短语guninhand（名词前无冠词）
eg.Hesatthere,bookinhand.
1）Whenhehaddonehiswork,hewenthome.
=Havingdonehiswork,hewenthome.
2）Whenhisworkhadbeendone,hewenthome.
=Hisworkhavingbeendone,hewenthome.
3.with的复合结构：
with+n/pron+Ving/Ved/todo/adj/adv/p.p
去with成为独立主格，再去名词成为分词短语。
4.独立主格结构可省略being
Eg:
Themeeting（being）over,everyonewenthome.
5.n+介词短语
with+n+介词短语结构有区别，不一样。
Thesoldiersatthere,guninhand.（名词前无冠词）
Thesoldiersatthere,withaguninhishand.（名词前有冠词和物主代词）
6.分词give用在独立主格结构中，常被放在它的逻辑主语的前边。
多给些时间，他会把工作做得更好。
Givensomemoretime,hecoulddohishomeworkmuchbetter.
.
练习：
把复合句改写成分词短语做状语
1.Ifwearecomparedwithadvancedunits,wewillhavealongwaytogo.
2.AswewereencouragedbythePartysecretary’swords,theymadeuotheirmindstogoonwiththeirexperiment.
3.Whenshewasaskedwhoshewas,shesaideshewasMr.Johnson’ssecretary.
4.Afterhehaddonehisduty,hewentbacktohisarmyunit.
5.Astheyweretiredoutbyahardday’swork,theydidn’tgooutthatevening.
6.Ifheisgiventime,hewillmakeagoodswimmer.
7.Whentheyheardthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.
8.Therocketwillweighabout200tonswhenitiscompleted.
9.Aftertheyweretoldthatbadweatherwasontheway,theydecidedtoputThegameoff.
10.AsHanshadmissedthelastbus,hehadtogohomeonfoot.
11.Ashethoughtthathemightlosehisseat,herushedintotheroom.
12.Ashewaswetallover,hedecidedtotakeabath.
13.Theteachercameintotheclassroomandcarriedadictionaryunderhisarm.
答案：
1.Comparedwithadvancedunits,……
2.EncouragedbythePartysecretary’swords,…
3.Askedwhoshewas,…..
4.Havingdonehisduty,….
5.Tiredoutbyahardday’swork,…
6.Giventime,….
7.（After）heardingthenews,…..
8.Whencompleted,….
9.Havingbeentoldthatbadweatherwasontheway,…..
10.Havingmissedthelastbus,Hans…
11.Thinkingthathemightlosehisseat,…
12.Beingwetallover,hedecided….
13.Carryingadictionaryunderhisarm,the…..
用独立主格改写复合句
1.Ifallthingsareconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.
2.Ifwetherpermits,weshallcome.
3.Whenthesunhadrisen,theycontinuedtheirway.
4.Whentheguestshadleft,theywentonwiththeirdiscussion.
5.Whenthemeetingwasover,allefttheroom.
6.Whentheshowerwasover,wewecontinuedmarching.
7.Ihaveboughtanewsuitofclothes,fortheoldsuithasbeenwornout.
8.AsGreenhadbeendismissed,Smithhadtodohisworkinstead.
9.Whentheaudiencehadtakentheirseats,thesecretarybeganhisreport.
10.Astherewasnothingtodo,wewenthome.
11.AsitwasSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.
12.Astheteacherwasill,thelecturewasputoff.
13.Themanhasnolightofitsownandonlysunlightshinesonit.
14.Becausethequestionisratherdifficult,wemusttaketimetoconsideritcarefully.
15.Whenthesunisgone,thestarsappearbright.
16.Nowthattheholidayswereover,wedecidedtogetdowntosomehardwork.
17.Asthepatientwasweak,theoperationhadtobeputoff.
18.Ashermotherhadfallenill,shehadtogohometolookafterher.
1.Allthingaconsidered,her...
2.Weatherpernitting,...
3.Thesunhavingrisen,...
4.Theguestshavingleft,...
5.Themeeting（being）over,..
6.Theshower（being）over,wecontinuedmarching.
7.Theoldsuithavingbeenwornout,Ihaveboughta..
8.Greenhavingbeendismissed,MrSmith..
9.Theaudiencehavingtakentheirseats,..
10.rebeingnothingtodo,…
11.ItbeingSunday,..
12.Theteacher（being）ill,..
13.Themoonhasnolightofitsownandonlysunlightshiningnit
14.Thequestionbeingratherdifficult,wemust..
15.Thesungone,thestarsappearbright.
16.Theholidaysbeingover,wedecidedtoget…
17.Thepatientbeingweak,theoperation...
18.Hermotherhavingfallenill,shehadtogo...
独立主格练习题
1.Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.
A.totake
B.taken
C.tobetaken
D.taking
2.Anexpert___tohelpthemtomorrow,theyaresuretoworkouttheproblem.
A.willcome
B,coming
C.tocome
D.havingcome
3.Themeeting___over,hewenttopickuphissondirectly
A.tobe
B.is
C.was
D.being
4.---Theysatstillintheroom,___.
---Whydidtheydolikethat?
A.drawingthecurtains
B.withthecurtainsdrawn
C.withthecurtainsdrawing
D.havingthecurtainsdrawn
5.Thesun___,theycontinuedtheirway.
A.hasrisen
B.havingrisen
C.hasraised
D.havingraised
6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent___attheendoflastMarch.
A.hasbeenlaunched
B.havingbeenlaunched
C.beinglaunched
D.tobelaunched
7.Herearetwovolumes,thethirdone____nextmonth.
A.comesout
B.cameout
C.comingout
D.tocomeout
8.Withhisson___,theoldmanfeltunhappy.
A.todisappoint
B.tobedisappointing
C.disappointing
D.beingdisappointed
9．---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.
---Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.
A.filled
B.filling
C.tofill
D.beingfilled
10．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___,hegladlyacceptedit.
A.finished
B.finishing
C.havingfinished
D.wasfinished
11.?
?
___,I
hadtoaskfortwodays’leave.
A.Motherbeingill
B.Motherill
C.Asmotherwasill
D.A,BandC
12.Withsomanybooks?
___,Icouldn’tgotosurftheInternet.
A.toread
B.toberead
C.reading
D.read
13.Thethiefst
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