英国文学史-名词解释Word格式.doc
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theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.
8．ByronicHeroes:
avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter（enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom）,namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.
9．Realism:
seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.
10．Aestheticism:
anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.
11．Stream-of-Consciousness:
itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.
12．DramaticMonologue:
akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.
13．IambicPentameter:
apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.
14．Epic:
alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.
15．Elegy:
apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;
mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;
atypeoflyricpoem.
16．Canto:
asectionofalongpoem.Thecantoscanbeagreatpoem
17．Ode:
acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.
SpenserianStanza:
anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.
18．MetricalPattern:
alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.
文学史
中古时期
1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:
thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;
Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatements
2.SirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
3.GeoffreyChaucer（杰弗里乔叟）：
theFatherofEnglishPoetry;
TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories）
文艺复兴时期
1.ThomasMore:
Utopia《乌托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.
2.FrancisBacon:
thefirstEnglishEssayist;
Essays《随笔集》-OfStudies,OfTruth（philosophicalandliteraryworks）
3.ThusWyatt:
firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.
4.EdmundSpenser:
Poet'
spoet;
TheFairyQueen《仙后》（toQueenElizabethI）
5.WilliamShakespeare:
Sonnet18（ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'
sday）
17世纪英国文学
1.JohnDonne:
theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;
AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning《分离：
莫忧伤》
2.JohnMilton:
ParadiseLost《失乐园》（arevoltagainstGod'
sauthority）,ParadiseRegained《复乐园》（howChristovercameSanta）——storiesweretakenfromBible
3.JohnBunyan:
thesonofRenaissance;
Pilgrim'
sProgress《天路历程》（imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory）
18世纪英国文学
Novel：
1.theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism（novels,prose,dramas,poetry）
2.DanielDefoe:
representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;
RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》（thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman）
3.JonathanSwift:
Gulliver'
sTravels《格列佛游记》（fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem）
4.HenryFielding:
theFatherofEnglishnovel;
TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《汤姆琼斯》，satiric
Poetry：
5.ThomasGray:
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》
6.AlexanderPope:
perfectedinheroiccouplet;
AnEssayonCriticism《论批评》
7.WilliamBlake:
pre-romantic;
SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》，SongsofExperience《经验之歌》-London,TheTiger
8.RobertBurns:
ARedRedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》
Drama:
9.RichardBrinsleySheridan:
MasterofComedyofmanners;
TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》
浪漫主义时期1798-1832
1.WilliamWordsworth:
theLakePoets;
ThePrelude《序曲》；
IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》；
TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麦女》；
features:
poetofnatureandhumanheart
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge:
thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;
TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》
3.GeorgeGordonByron:
vigorous,strongandbeautiful;
ChildeHarold'
sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》（spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty）;
DonJuan《唐璜》（abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife）;
WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依别》；
SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》；
TheIslesofGreece《哀希腊》
4.PercyByssheShelley:
OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》-赞颂西风，希望与其紧密相连;
PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》（thevictoryforman'
sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression）
5.JohnKeats:
sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;
OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》；
OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》
6.WalterScott:
FatherofHistoricalNovel;
combinehistoricalfactandromanticimagination
7.JaneAusten:
wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;
PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》（ElizabethandDarcy）；
SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》；
Emma《爱玛》
8.CharlesLamb:
PoorRelations《穷亲戚》;
Dream-children《童年梦幻》;
AReverie《幻想曲》
维多利亚时期
1.summit：
realisticnovel
2.CharlesDickens:
criticalrealistwriter;
humour,wit,happyendings;
ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》（London&
Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution）;
DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔》；
OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》；
HardTime《艰难时世》；
GreatExpectations《远大前程》；
DombeyandSon《董贝父子》；
PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》
3.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:
VanityFair《名利场》（tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;
tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth）
4.GeorgeEliot:
novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;
AdamBede《亚当比德》（socialinequality）；
TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；
SilasMarner《织工马南》
5.AlfredTennyson:
succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;
Break,Break,Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》；
CrossingtheBar《过沙洲》
6.RobertBrowning:
dramaticmonologues;
MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》
7.TheBronteSisters:
Charlotte:
JaneEyre《简爱》：
简·
爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。
但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。
小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。
扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。
其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
Emily:
WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》：
描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
Anne:
AgnesGray《安格尼斯格雷》
20世纪英国文学
1.ThomasHardy:
feature:
pastandmodern,critical,realism,determinism;
TessofTheD'
urbervillles《德伯家的苔丝》；
JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》
2.JohnGalsworthy:
FromtheFourWinds《四季的风》；
TheManofProperty《有产业的人》；
TheSilverBox《银盒》
3.GeorgeBernardShaw:
structurallyandthematically,vividly;
MrsWarren'
sProfession《华伦夫人的职业》；
Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》（transformacockney-speakingflowergirlintoawomanaspoisedandwell-spokenasaduchess）;
TheAppleCart《苹果车》
4.OscarWilde:
aestheticism;
TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales《快乐王子》；
ThePictureofDorianGray《道林格雷的画像》
5.D.H.Lawrence:
firstintroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks;
SonsandLovers《儿子和情人》；
TheWhitePeacock《白孔雀》
6.VirginiaWoolf:
stream-of-consciousness;
feminist;
TotheLighthouse《到灯塔去》；
MrsDalloway《达洛维夫人》
7.JamesJoyce:
Ulysses《尤利西斯》（streamofconsciousness,amodernproseepic）;
Dubliners《都柏林人》
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