新编英语语法教程第16讲.ppt

新编英语语法教程第16讲.ppt

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第16讲虚拟式,16.1be-型虚拟式be型虚拟式是指动词永远使用原形,不管主语是什么,动词都为原形.1）用于表示命令,决定,建议等词语之后的that分句中A）表示命令决定建议的动词之后的从句,如动词:

decide,decree,demandinsist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,suggest,vote等Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltakethechair.,Thedoctorinsistedthathenoteatmeat.B）表示命令决定建议的名词之后的从句,如名词:

decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等Wewerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Youradvicethatshewaittillnextweekisreasonable.,Hisorderthatthetroopsnotbesentatoncewascarriedout.C）用在一些形容词后的真实主语从句中.如形容词:

advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等.,Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Ithoughtitadvisablethatanarmedguardstandinreadiness.2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.推测,让步,防备等含义.if,though,whatever,lest,solongasIftherumourbetrue,everythingispossible.Thougheveryonedesertyou,Iwillnot.Whateverbehisdefense,wecannottoleratethisdisloyalty.,3）用于某些公式化语句中LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina.Godblessyou!

Sobeit.SufficeittosaythatIknownothing.Farbeitfrommetocallhimathief.Iwillstayherewithyouifneedbe.,16.2were-型虚拟式were型虚拟式只有一种形式,即不管主语是什么,动词一律用过去式,be动词一律用were.1）用于某些状语分句中.常用于if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的非真实从句,IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.,2）用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine引导的从句中,也表示非真实的臆想.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IdratherIwerenotatthesiteoftheaccident.Supposetheearthwerefalt.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.,16.3假设意义表示法综述1）表示假设意义的一些结构A）ItstimethatItstimewewenttobed.Youvebeenworkinghard.Itstimeyoutookarest.Itshightimeweleftthisplace.,B）Iwouldrather/soonerthatIwouldrathershegothomealittleearlier.Idratherhetoldmethetruth.Iwouldratherhehadbeenpresent.C）IfonlyIfonlyIknewheraddress.,IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.D）behavesasif/asthoughHebehavesasifheownedthisplace.Shewassittingquietlyinthegardenasif/asthoughnothinghadhappenedtoher.,E）IwishIwishIdidnthavetogotoworktoday.IwishIhadntsaidthat.含蓄条件句Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthaveachievedanything.Indifferentcircumstances,Imighthaveagreed.,用于其他语境Thatsheshouldforgetmesoquicklywasratherashock.Whowouldhavethoughtthatthingsshouldcometosuchatragicend.Thedoorwaspushedopen;whoshouldcomeinbutthewomantheyweretalkingabout.Hesteppedintoacaveandwhatshouldheseebutatigresswithherbabytigers.,非真实条件句所表假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气.1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式,结果主句的谓语是should/would+动词原形Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveingoodtime.Evenifhehadthemoney,hewouldntbuyit.,2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语用过去完成,结果主句用should/would+现在完成Ifwehadhadtime,wewouldhavedroppedby.IfIhadntsaidthat,themeetingwouldhavesucceeded.,3）与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句,从句的谓语用过去式或wereto+动词原形,结果主句的谓语用should/would+动词原形Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyoulivedthereforawhile,youwouldchangeyourmindaboutthat.,Ifheweretovisitourdormitory,weshouldgetthenews.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?

Exercise16D1.如果有必要,我自然会带你去.A:

2.要是我来做这事,我要采用不同的方法.A:

3.总统命令所有武装部队立即动员起来.A:

Iwouldcertainlytakeyouthereifneedbe.,IfIweretodothis,Iwouldadoptadifferentmethod.,Thepresidentorderedthatallthearmedforcesbemobilizedatonce.,4.董事会决定任命约翰逊为总经理.A:

5.如果我是你,我会勇敢地正视这一问题.A:

6.假如我身体好一些,我早就离开这里了.A:

TheboarddecidedthatJohnsonbeappointedgeneralmanager.,IfIwereyou,Iwouldfaceuptotheproblem.,IfIwereinbetterhealth,Iwouldhavelongleftthisplace.,7.我非常不愿意眼看他犯错误.A:

8.我多么希望我们厂装备得好一些.A:

9.要不是我们明天有测验,我今晚就去看电影了.A:

Ifwewerenttohaveourtesttomorrow,Iwouldgoandseeafilmthisevening.,HowIwishourfactorywerebetterequipped.,Farbeitfrommetoseehimmakeamistake.,10.对所有申请者必须逐一面试.A:

11.有人建议另外开一次会来讨论通货膨胀的问题.A:

12.我一定要她在上海再多待一两天.A:

Itisessentialthatalltheapplicantsbeinterviewedonebyone.,Itwassuggestedthatanothersessionbeheldtodiscusstheproblemofinflation.,IinsistedthatshestayinShanghaiforanotherdayortwo.,13.钢铁工人要求提高工资百分之十.A:

14.我赞成他们提出的关于延期讨论的动议.A:

15.我宁愿我的秘书陪我去北京.A:

IpreferthatmysecretaryaccompanymetoBeijing.,Isecondtheirmotionthatthediscussionbeputoff.,Thesteelworkersdemandedthattheirwagesbeincreasedby10percent.,16.已经决定让出更多的时间用于泛读.A:

17.没有民族独立哪来民主自由,说这一句就够了.A:

18.如果你不听我的忠告,那就算了.A:

Sufficeittosaythatwithoutnationalindependencethereisnodemocracyorfreedom.,Ifyoudonotlistentomyadvice,sobeit.,Ithasbeendecidedthatmoretimebeallotedforextensivereading.,19.我们一致建议指定一位持中立立场的人主持会议.A:

20.他似乎已经变成一个完全自私自利的人了.A:

Hehasbecome,asitwere,anutterlyself-centredman.,Weunanimouslyrecommendedthataneutralchairmanbeappointed.,