语法复习1 基础知识句子成分与句子分类Word文档格式.docx
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如:
Wearestudents.
表语:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
宾语:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语补足语:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
定语:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
状语:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
【巩固训练一】
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;
yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'
mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'
mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'
toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'
sgreat!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon'
t,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空:
1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold
C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
二、句子的种类
(一)句子的分类导图
【例句】判断下列句子所属:
Becareful,boys;
Don’ttalkinclass
Howclevertheboyis!
HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;
theroadistortuous.
TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介:
英语基本句型有五个:
S+V,S+V+Cs,S+V+O,S+V+Oi+Od,S+V+Od+Co,其共有特征是主谓结构(S+V)。
I、(S+V)主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1.此句型中,“V”是不及物动词,后面无宾语,如:
Myrightarmhurts.。
但通常有后续成分或称状语(A),即S+V+A,如:
Shelivedhappily.
Thesunriseseverymorning.
2.在有些句子中,主语或谓语或某一部分可以省略,如:
Hopetoseeyouagainsoon.(省略主语)
—Whocalled?
—Jane(did).(省略谓语)
II、(S+V+Cs)主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补足语)
1.此句型中的“V”是连系动词,“Cs”是主语补足语,或称表语。
充当主语补足语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词ing形式或ed形式、不定式及名词性从句等,如:
MyfirstnameisBill.;
Lifeiscolorful.;
Seeingisbelieving.;
Ourbeliefisthatthingswillimprove.。
2.常见的连系动词有下列几类:
(1)表示“判断”:
be;
(2)表示“变得”、“成为”:
become,come,go,fall,get,grow,prove,turn等;
(3)表示“保持着某一状态”:
hold,keep,lie,remain,rest,sit,stay等;
(4)表示“看起来”、“好像”:
appear,look,seem等;
(5)表示“实感”:
feel,sound,taste,smell等。
SheisateacherandIamadoctor.
Springcomesandalltreesturngreen.
Hestayedawakeallnight.
Youdon’tlookhappy.What’sthematter?
Theirplansoundswonderful.
III、(S+V+O)主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1.“V”是及物动词,后面需跟一个宾语,可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、v.ing结构及名词性从句等,如:
Iunderstandtheprogram.
Sheaskedtoseethemanager.
2.这种结构有时必须跟状语,意义才完整(即S+V+O+A),如:
Weacceptedtheiradviceinbuyinganewcar.
Shecompletedtheassignmentjustasthebellwasringing.
IV、(S+V+Oi+Od)双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1.此句型中的“V”称为双宾及物动词,其后需跟间接宾语“Oi”(通常指人)和直接宾语“Od”(通常指物或事)。
2.此类动词大都具有给予的意义,常见的有:
allow,award,bring,buy,choose,fetch,find,get,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,recommend,refuse,render,return,sell,send,show,take,tell等,如:
Igavehimthebook.
I’llreturnyouthedictionarysoon.
3.有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后,但要加相应的介词,如to,for,of等,试比较:
Bettygaveherdaughteranapple.
→Bettygaveanappletoherdaughter.
Fatherboughthimabike.
→Fatherboughtabikeforhim.
Heaskedmeaquestion.
→Heaskedaquestionofme.
V、(S+V+Od+Co)复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)
该句型中,谓语动词虽有宾语,但句子意义仍不完整,需加补语“Co”补足其意义。
充当宾语补语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语及分词等,如:
Wefoundthehouseempty.
Ourneighborsbuilttheirwallhigh.
常用的这类动词有:
appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,leave,make,name,need,prefer,prove,see,think,vote等。
【注】其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
(三)并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。
e.g.
Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.
2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。
Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.
3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。
Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。
Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.
(四)高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。
虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。
有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。
一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。
and,but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常考查。
Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
()1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
()2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
()3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?
()4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcome
backhomeatsevenintheevening.
()5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
()6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
()7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.
()8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?
()9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
()10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
Ihopeyouareverywell().I'
mfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'
mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Weh