普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷四英语含答案解析.docx

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷四英语含答案解析.docx

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷四英语含答案解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷四英语含答案解析.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷四英语含答案解析

普通高等学校2018年招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷（四）

英语

注意事项：

1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：

每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：

用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Infairytales,it'susuallytheprincessthatneedsprotecting.AtGoogleinSiliconValley,theprincessistheonedefendingthecastle.ParisaTabrizisa31-year-oldwithperhapsthemostuniquejobtitleinengineering-“GoogleSecurityPrincess”.Herjobistohackintothemostpopularwebbrowser（浏览器）ontheplanet,tryingtofindweaknessesinthesystembeforethe“blackhats”do.TodefeatGoogle'sattackers,Tabrizmustfirstlythinklikethem.

Tabriz'srolehasevolveddramaticallyintheeightyearssinceshefirststartedworkingatGoogle.Backthen,theyounggraduatefromIllinoisUniversitywasoneof50securityengineers---todaythereareover500.

Cybercrime（网络犯罪）hascomealongwayinthepastdecade-fromtheNigerianPrinceScamtocreditcardtheft.Tabriz'sbiggestconcernnowisthepeoplewhofindbugsinGoogle'ssoftware,andselltheinformationtogovernmentsorcriminals.Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram,payinganywherefrom$100to$20,000forreportedmistakes.

It'saworldawayfromTabriz'scomputer-freechildhoodhomeinChicago.ThedaughterofanIranian-Americandoctorfather,andPolish-Americannursemother,Tabrizhadlittlecontactwithcomputersuntilshestartedstudyingengineeringatcollege.Gazeacrossaline-upofGooglesecuritystafftodayandyou'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀少的）---thoughinthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.Sheadmitsthere'sanobviousgenderdisequilibriuminSiliconValley.

Funnilyenough,duringtrainingsessionsTabrizfirstasksnewcolleaguestohackintonotacomputer,butavendingmachine.Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（专门知识）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutTabrizfromthepassage?

A.ShewasthefirstfemaleengineeratGoogle.

B.Shemustthinkdifferentlysoastodefeattheattackers.

C.Herjobrelatestonotonlytechnologybutalsopsychology.

D.Herfrequentcontactwithcomputersinchildhoodbenefitsheralot.

【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章最后一句话Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（专门知识）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.Tabriz的工作对于技术的知识和对攻击者心理的理解一样重要，可知Tabriz的工作和技术以及心理学都有关系。

故选C。

【答案】C

22.WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?

A.ToprotectGoogleagainstcybercrime.

B.TomonitorthenormaloperationofGoogle.

C.Tohelpthegovernmentlocatethecybercriminals.

D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofpersonalinformationsafety.

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段的句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram联系上文，理解句子中this指代的就是上文说的网络犯罪，可知Google建立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是对了保护Google免受网络犯罪的影响。

故选A。

【答案】A

23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disequilibrium”inParagraph4referto?

A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.

【解析】词义猜测题。

联系上文you'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀少的）---thoughinthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.你会发现像Tabriz这样的女性非常少，尽管在过去几年她雇佣了更多的女性技术骨干。

可知这里Tabriz说的是在硅谷有明显的性别不平衡。

可判断“disequilibrium”的词义是“不平衡”。

故选A。

【答案】A

24.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whatleadstocybercrime

B.The“SecurityPrincess”whoguardsGoogle

C.MeasurestakenbyGoogletoprotectitsusers

D.Howtobecomeanexcellentsecurityengineer

【解析】主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了保护Google安全的“GoogleSecurityPrincess”ParisaTabriz以及她的工作。

故所以标题用The“SecurityPrincess”whoguardsGoogle“保护Google的安全公主”合适，故选B。

【答案】B

B

TheEnglishhaveadifficultand,generallyspeaking,dysfunctional（怪异的）relationshipwithclothes.Theirmainproblemisthattheyhaveadesperateneedforrules,andareunabletogetalongwithoutthem.Thishelpstoexplainwhytheyhaveaninternationalreputationfordressingingeneralverybadly,butwithspecificareasofexcellence,suchashigh-classmen’ssuits,ceremonialcostumes,andinnovative（革新的）streetfashion.Inotherwords,weEnglishdressbestwhenweare“inuniform”.

YoumaybesurprisedthatIamincluding“innovativestreetfashion”inthecategoryoftheuniform.Surelytheparrot-hairedpunks（朋克摇滚乐迷）ortheVictorianvampiregothsarebeingoriginal,notfollowingrules?

It’struethattheyalllookdifferentandeccentric（古怪的）butinfacttheyalllookeccentricexactlyinthesameway.Theyarewearingauniform.TheonlytrulyeccentricdresserinthiscountryistheQueen,whopaysnoattentiontofashionandcontinuestowearwhatshelikes,akindof1950sfashion,withnoregardforanyoneelse’sopinion.However,itistruethatthestylesinventedbyyoungEnglishpeoplearemuchmoreeccentricthananyothernation’sstreetfashion.Wemaynotbeindividuallyeccentric,apartfromtheQueen,butwehaveasortofcollectiveeccentricity,and\yeappreciateoriginalityindressevenifwedonotindividuallyhaveit.

Another“rule”ofbehaviorIhaddiscoveredwasthatitisveryimportantfortheEnglishnottotakethemselvestooseriously,tobeabletolaughatthemselves.However,itiswellknownthatmostteenagerstendtotakethemselvesabittooseriously.

Thegoths,intheirscaryblackcostumes,certainlylookasiftheyaretakingthemselvesseriously.ButwhenIgotintoconversationwiththem,Idiscoveredthattheytoohadasenseofhumor.Iwasoncechattingtoagothinthefullvampirecostume—withawhiteface,deeppurplelipstick,andblackparrot-hair.IsawhewasalsowearingaT-shirtwith“Goth”.“Whyareyouwearingthat?

”Iasked.“Incaseyoudon’trealizeI’magoth.”heanswered,pretendingtobeserious.Webothburstoutlaughing.

25.WhatcanweknowabouttheEnglishpeople?

A.Theyneedrulestodresswell.B.Theyareinneedofuniforms.

C.Theyarecreativeingeneral.D.Theyleadtheworldtrend.

【解析】细节推理题。

根据第一段Theirmainproblemisdialtheyhaveadesperateneedforrules,andareunabletogetalongwithoutthem.可知，英国人在穿衣方面有规则束缚，故选A。

【答案】A

26.Whoisindividuallyeccentricindressing?

A.Ahigh-classman.B.Aparrot-hairedpunk.

C.TheQueen.D.Thefashioninnovator.

【解析】细节推理题。

根据第二段TheonlytrulyeccentricdresserinthiscountryistheQueen,whopaysnoattentiontofashionandcontinuestowearwhatshelikes,akindof1950sfashion,withnoregardforanyoneelse’sopinion.和Wemaynotbeindividuallyeccentric,apartfromtheQueen可知，在穿衣方面真正奇特的是女王，女王对时尚毫不在意，继续穿着她喜欢的衣服，一种20世纪50年代的时尚，不考虑别人的意见。

故选C。

【答案】C

27.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethegoths?

A.Theydressbadly.

B.Theydressinanamusingway.

C.Theyareunabletolaughatthewaytheydress.

D.TheyarelessfashionablethantheotherEnglishpeople.

【解析】推理判断题。

根据最后一段TheGoths,intheirscaringblackcostumes,certainlylookasiftheyaretakingthemselvesseriously.和IwasoncechattingtoaGothinthefullvampirecostume--withawhiteface,deeppurplelipstick,andblackparrot-hair.IsawhewasalsowearingaT-shirtwith“Goth”.可知，TheGoths的穿着很有趣，故选B。

【答案】B

28.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtheEnglishDress

B.HowtheEnglishAdmireFashion

C.WhytheEnglishLikeUniforms

D.WhytheEnglishAreEccentricinDress

【解析】主旨大意题。

文章主要介绍了英国各类人穿衣的特点，其共性和个性。

故A项“英国人如何穿着”最适合作文章文章。

故选A。

【答案】A

C

Notlongago,peoplethoughtbabieswerenotabletolearnthingsuntiltheywerefiveorsixmonthsold.YetdoctorsintheUnitedStatessaybabiesbeginlearningontheirfirstdayoflife.Scientistsnotethatbabiesarestronglyinfluencedbytheirenvironment.Theysayababywillsmileifhermotherdoessomethingthebabylikes.Ababylearnstogetthebestcarepossiblebysmilingtopleasehermotherorothercaregivers.Thisishowbabieslearntoconnectandcommunicatewithotherhumanbeings.Onestudyshowsthatbabiescanlearnbeforetheyareborn.Theresearchersplacedataperecorderonthestomachofapregnantwoman.Then,theyplayedarecordingofashortstory.Onthedaythebabywasborn,theresearchersattemptedtofindifheknewthesoundsofthestoryrepeatedwhileinhismother.Theydidthisbyplacingadeviceinthemouthofthenewbornbaby.

Thebabywouldhearthestoryifhemovedhismouthoneway.Ifthebabymovedhismouththeotherway,hewouldhearadifferentstory.Theresearcherssaythebabyclearlylikedthestoryheheardbeforehewasborn.Theysaythebabywouldmovehismouthsohecouldhearthestoryagainandagain.

Anotherstudyshowshowmotherscanstronglyinfluencesocialdevelopmentandlanguageskillsintheirchildren.Researchersstudiedthechildrenfromtheageofonemonthtothreeyears.Theresearchersattemptedtomeasurethesensitivityofthemothers.Thewomenwereconsideredsensitiveiftheysupportedtheirchildren’sactivitiesanddidnotinterfere（干预）unnecessarily.Theytestedthechildrenforthinkingandlanguagedevelopmentwhentheywerethreeyearsold.Also,theresearchersobservedthewomenforsignsofdepression.Thechildrenofdepressedwomendidnotdoaswellintestsasthechildrenofwomenwhodidnotsufferfromdepression.Thechildrenofdepressedwomendidpoorlyintestsoflanguageskillsandunderstandingwhattheyhear.

Thesechildrenalsowerelesscooperativeandhadmoreproblemsdealingwithotherpeople.Theresearchersnotedthatthesensitivityofthemotherswasimportanttotheintelligencedevelopmentoftheirchildren.Childrendidbetterwhentheirmotherswerecaring,even