外文翻译-管理信息系统Word格式.doc
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ManagementInformationSystem
ItistheMIS(ManagementInformationSystem)thatweconstantlysaythatthemanagementinformationsystem,andislivingtoemphasizetheadministration,andemphasizesthatitchangesintomoreandmoresignificantlyandmoreandmoreisuniversalizedinthecontemporarycommunityofmessage.MISisafreshbranchoflearning,anditleapedoverseveralterritories,andforinstanceadministersscientificknowledge,systemscience,operationalresearch,statisticalongwithcalculatingmachinescientificknowledge.Islivingonthesethebranchesoflearningbase,andtakesshapethatthemessageisgatheredandtheprocessmeans,therebytakeshapethesystemthatthecrossbarmingles.
1. TheManagementInformationSystemSummary
20centuries,inthewakeoftheflourishingdevelopmentofwholeworldeconomy,numerouseconomistsproposethefreshadministrationtheoryonebyone.XiMenproposetheadministrationandwasdependentonideatomessageanddecisionofstrategicimportanceinthe50’s20centuries.Thedimensionofsimultaneousstageisadmittedissuingcybernetics,andhethinksthattheadministrationisacontrolprocedure.In1958,Ger.writethelid:
“theadministrationshallobtainwithoutdelaywiththelowercostandexactmessage,completesthebettercontrol“.Thisparticularperiod,thecalculatingmachinestartsbeingusedaccountancywork.Thedatahandlingtermhasrisen.
In1970,WalterT.Kennevangiveadministrationthathasraisedtheonlyashortwhileagoinformationsystemtermtogetoffadefinition:
“eitherthecoverofthebookshapewiththediscount,islivingappropriatelytimetodirector,staffmemberalongwiththeoutsideworldpersonnelstaffsuppliesthepastandnowandmessagethatinternalforecastingtheapproachingrelevantbusinessreachessuchenvironment,inordertoassisttheymakeastrategicdecision”.Islivinginthisdefinitiontoemphasize,yetdoesnotemphasizeusingthepattern,andmentionthecalculatingmachineapplicationinthewayofthemessagesupportdecisionofstrategicimportance.
In1985,admonishinginformationsystemoriginator,titleBuddhistnunSuDauniversityadministrationprofessorGordonB.Davisgivethemanagementinformationsystemrelativelyintegrateddefinition,inimmediatefuture“administertheinformationsystemisoneusecalculatingmachinesoftwareandhardwareresourcesalongwithdatabankman-theenginesystem.
Itbeabletosupplymessagesupportbusinesseitherorganizationoperation,administrationorthedecisionmakingfunction.Comprehensivedirectionsofthisdefinitionmanagementinformationsystemtargetandmeritoriousservicecapacityandcomponent,butalsomakeknownthemanagementinformationsystemtobelivingthelevelthatattainsatthattime.
1.1TheDevelopingHistoryofMIS
Themanagementinformationsystemislivingthemostprimarilyphaseiscountingthesystem,thesubstancewhichresearchedistheregularpatternonfacebetweentheincrementaldata,itwhatmayseparateintothedatabeingmutuallyrelatedandmorenotbeingmutuallyrelatedseries,afterwardsactasthedataconversiontomessage.
Thesecondstageisthedataarereplacedthesystem,anditisthattheSABREthattheAmericanairlinecompanyputuptointhe50’s20centuriessubscribestobookthebanknotesystemthatsuchtypestandsfor.Itpossess1008banknotebookingspots,andmayaccess600000travelerkeeptheminutesand27000flightsegmentsrecord.Itsoperationiscomparativelymorecomplex,andislivingwhateverone“spot”whollytocheckwhethertobethefreeplaceupsomeoneflightnumbers.Yetthroughapproximatelyattendingschooluptosay,itisonlyadataandreplacesthesystem,forinstanceitcannotletknowyouwiththebanknotethesellingvelocitynowwhenthebanknoteshallbesellthrough,therebytakesremedyingthestep.Asaresultitalsoisadministerinformationsystemrudimentaryphase.
Thethirdphaseisthestatusreportssystem,anditmayseparateintomanufacturestatespeechandservicestateandmakeknownandresearchthesystemssuchasstatusreportsandsoon.ItstypestandsfortheproductioncontrolsystemthatistheIBMcorporationtotheforinstancemanufacturestatespeechsystem.Asisknowntoall,thecalculatingmachinecorporationthattheIBMcorporationisthelargestontheworld,in1964itgivenbirthtomiddle-sizedcalculatingmachineIBM360andcausesthecalculatingmachinelevelliftastep,yetformthatthemanufactureadministrationwork.Yetenormouslycomplicatedlydissolvemoreover,thecalculatingmachineovertakes15000differencecomponentsoncemore,inadditiontheplantofIBMextendsallovertheAmericanvariousplacestoeveryonecomponentsoncemorelikeworksanelement,andtheorderofdifferencepossessdifferencecomponentsandthedifferenceelement,andhavetopointoutthatwhatelementwhatplantwhatinstallationgivesbirthto,hencenotmerelygivingbirthtocomplexly,fitting,installationandtransportationwhollyfullycomplex.Havetotherebeamanufacturestatusreportssystemthattakesthecalculatingmachineinordertoguaranteebeingunderwaysuccessfullyofmanufacturealongwithelsesegmentasthebase.HencethesameagesIBMestablishthesystematicAASofwell-developedadministrationitbeabletocarryon450professionalworkoperations.In1968,thecorporationestablishesthecommunaloncemoreandmanufacturesinformation
systemCMISandrunsandsucceedsverymuch,thepastneeds15weekswork,thatsystemmerelymaybecompletedinthewayof3weeks.
Itisthedatahandlingsystemthatthestatusreportssystemstillpossessonekindofshape,andthatitisusedforhandlestheeverydayprofessionalworktomakeknownwithmanufacture,andstressrestswithbythehandworktaskautomation,andliftstheeffectivenesswithsavesthelaborpower.Thedatahandlingsystemordinarilycannotsupplydecisionofstrategicimportancemessage.
Lastphaseisthesupportsystemsmakeastrategicdecision,anditistheinformationsystembeingusedforsupplementarymakingastrategicdecision.Thatsystemmayprogramandtheanalysisscheme,andgoesoverkeyandtheerrorsolveaproblem.Itsproperbetterperson-machinedialoguemeans,maywithnotparticularlythepersonnelstaffwhohaveanintimateknowledgeofthecalculatingmachineholdconversation.Itordinarilyconsistsofsomepatternsoastocomeintobeingdecisionofstrategicimportancemessage,yetemphasizecomprehensiveadministrationmeritoriousservicecapacity.
1.2 TheApplicationofManagementInformationSystem
Themanagementinformationsystemisusedtothemostbasework,likedumpreportform,calculationpayandoccurrencesinhumantubesandsoon,andthendevelopingupbusinessfinancialaffairsadministrationsandinventorycontrolandsoonindividualeventoperationalcontrol,thispertainstotheelectrondatahandling(EDPDataProcessing)system.Whenestablishthebusinessdatabank,therebypossessthecalculatingmachineelectricnetworktoattaindatasharingqueen,theslavesystemconceptisstartoff,whentheimplementationthesituationasawholeismadeprogramandthedesigninformationsystem,attainedtheadministrationinformationsystemphase.Inthewakeofcalculatingmachinetechniqueprogressandthedemandadjustthesystemofpeopleliftfurther,peopleemphasizemorefurthermoreadministertheinformationsystemphase.Progressandpeopleinthewakeofthecalculatingmachinetechniqueliftatthedemandadjustthesystemfurther,peopleemphasizemorefurthermoretoadministertheinformationsystemwhetherbackbusinesshigherleveltoleadmakesastrategicdecisionthismeritoriousservicecapacity,stillmorelayspecialemphasisonthegatheringtotheexternalmessageofbusinessandintegrateddatastorehouse,modellibrary,meansstorehouseandelseartificialintelligencemeanswhetherdirectlytodecisionofstrategicimportanceperson,thisisthesupportsystem(DDS)missionmakingastrategicdecision.
ThereisthepartapplicationthatfewbusinessstartMISinnerplacethelimitoftheworldattheearlydaysofbeinglivinginthe70’s20centuries.Upatthemoment,MISisliving,andtherebetheappropriate
Popularizationrateineverystatenationinworld,andnearlycoveredthateveryprofessionreacheseverydepartment.
1.3 TheDirectionofMISDevelopment
Close20curtains;
externalgrandduketakeschargeofhavingarisen3kindsofalternations:
A. PayingspecialattentiontotheadministrationbeingemphasizedtoestablishingMIS’ssystem,andcausingtheadministrationtechniqueheadfortheageing.
B. Themessageisthedecisionofstrategicimportancefoundation,andMISsuppliesthemessageserviceintheinterestofdirectoratalltimes.
C. DirectorcausessuchmanagementprogramgettingintouchwithtogetherwiththeconcreteprofessionalworkmaneuverbymeansofMIS.notmerelybig-and-middle-sizedbusinessuniversallyestablishMISsomesmall-sizebusinessalsonotexceptionsofself,universallyestablishthecommunaldatanetwork,liketheelectronicmailandelectrondataexchangeandsoon,MISsuppliedthewellsupportenvironmenttotheapplicationofIntranet’stechniquetospeedilydevelopingofINTERNETespeciallyinthepastfewyearsintheinterestofthebusiness.
Throughinternationaltechniquedevelopmenttendencyissee,inthe90’s20centurieshadarisensomekindsofbrand-newadministrationtechnique.
1. BusinessProcessesRebuild(BPR)
Abusinessshouldvaluecorrectlytimeandproducequality,manufacturingcostandtechnicalse