公共英语四级考试试题及答案解析(十).docx
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公共英语四级考试试题及答案解析
(十)
一、ReadingComprehension(共20小题,共20.0分)Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.第1题Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurban
environment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthis
idea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientific
proof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthese
spaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspace
facilities.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthe
home.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaround
home.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthe
house.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreative
aspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotofenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafter
you.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironment______.AisstillunknownBisbeingcloselystudied
CisusuallyneglectedDhasbeenwidelyaccepted
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
分析推理题。
由第一段第二句(Fortunatelyitisnolonger…ofthisidea)及第三句中的itisgenerallyaccepted两处即可推知作者认为:
尽管人们并不了解greenspace的细节作用,但它对于城市环境很重要这一点已经为人们所广泛接受,因此答案是[D]。
第2题Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto______.AthedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhoodBthelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhomeCrelativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilitiesDtheimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
细节题。
答案信息对应于第二段第一句:
…resultedin…farfromhome,即作者认为城乡规划中将生活、工作、交通和休闲等在理论上分开导致休闲设施远离生活区。
第3题Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided______.AinspecialareasBinthesuburbsCintheneighbourhoodofthehouse
Dingardensandparks
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
分析推理题。
文章第二段首先批评了城乡规划中将生活、工作、交通和休闲等在理论上分开,从而导致休闲设施远离人们生活区的做法,然后直接指出这一做法不对,并分析了原因:
人们一部分重要的时间是在家和在家周围进行活动,因此休闲设施应当beginatthestreet-doorofthehouse,其意即是家的周围应当有这些设施,选[C]。
第4题Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat______.AmoreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspectBmoreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothemCanincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedevelopedDrecreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
细节题。
答案对应于第二段最后一句中的后一分句:
…thedesign0fthesehastobe…arecreativeaspect,与[A]一致。
第5题Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.AbetteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlifeBattentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesCtheurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago
Dprioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
主旨题。
参见上述各题分析。
文章先是指出greenspace对于城市环境很重要这一点已经为人们所广泛接受,然后批评了城乡规划中将生活、工作、交通和休闲等在理论上分开,从而导致休闲设施远离人们生活区的做法,提出了休闲设施应当建在家的周围的观点(即更好地利用它们),最后总结了这样做对提高生活水平的好处。
由此可知文章主旨是[A]。
第6题Who'stoblame?
ThetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindustry
critics.Stingygovernments—bothLaborandTory—havecutdownoninvestmentsintrainsand
rails.Inthemid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleoftheentiresubsidy-guzzlingrail
network.Operatingfranchiseswereparceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Railtrack,wasawardedownershipofthetracksand
stations.Inthefuture,thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforanyimprovements—withalittlehelpfromthestate—andtaketheblameforany
failings.Todaysurveysshowthattravelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthereasonsfortherailways'
failures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompatiblewithguaranteeing
safety.Worse,splittingthenetworkbetweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearly
impossible."Therailwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputinplacewas...designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury,"
saidRailtrackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonthinthewakeoftheHatfieldcrashGenerally,thecontrastswithmainlandEuropeare
stark.OverthepastfewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percentmorethantheBritishintransportation
infrastructure.Asaresult,awebofhigh-speedtrainsnowcrisscrossestheContinent,fundedbygovernmentswillingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapital
projects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1000milesofnewhigh-speed
track.InFrancesuperfasttrainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,oftenondedicated
lines.AndinBritain?
WhentheEuro-startrainsthatlinkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelontoBritishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdownfrom186mphtoamaximumof100mph—andtheyusuallyhavetogoeven
slower.Foronce,thegovernmentis
listening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,
too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditself
tohugeinvestmentintransportation,aswellaseducationandthepublichealth
service.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetanextra£60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivate
companies.AsBlairacknowledgedlastmonth,"BritainhasbeenunderinvestedinandinvestmentiscentraltoBritain's
future."
Yondon'thavetotellthe3millionpassengerswhousetherailwaysevery
day.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate—andcrawlingatLocomotion
No.1
speeds.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortriesto______.AtracethefailureofBritain'srailnetworktoitsdefectiveoriginBremindpeoplethegloriouspastofBritain'srailwayCargueforBritain'srailnetworkDcallforimpartialityinassessingthesituation
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
分析推理题。
短文一开篇即用Who'stoblame(是谁的责任)提出问题,由此可判断出短文讨论的是某一问题出现的原因。
作者在第一段简要说明了英国铁路私有化的过程,由其中的poormaintenance(养护不够)、stingygovernment(小气的政府)、taketheblameforanyfailures(承担任何失误的责任)等处即可推知,肯定是英国的铁路出现了某种失误,作者写这篇短文的目的就是分析失误发生的根源(explainthefailuretoitsorigin)以及谁应当承担责任的问题,故本题答案就是[A]。
其余三项中,[B]中的gloriouspast(辉煌的过去)、[C]中的arguefor(为…辩护)以及[D]中的impartiality(公正)、assessing(评估)都在原文中没有体现。
第7题TravelersnowbelievethattherootcauseforfailuresofBritishrailwayis______.AitsstructuraldesignBthepursuitofprofitCitsinefficientnetworkDthelackofsafetyguarantees
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
细节题。
对应信息位于第二段第一、二句。
第一句直接指出,乘客认为私有化(privatization)是英国铁路失误的原因之一,而第二句又进一步说明,乘客质问追逐利润(thepursuitofprofits)与确保安全是否能和谐并存。
也就是说,乘客们认为英国铁路的根源在于铁路私有化后铁路公司只顾追逐利润而忽视安全保障,因此本题答案是[B]。
其余三项都与此意不符。
第8题AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayisstructured______.AforthebenefitofcommutersBtotheadvantageofthegovernmentCfortheeffectofbettercoordinationDasareplacementoftheprivatesystem
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
词句理解题。
本题考查的是对原文第二段第四句引用GeraldCorbett的话中designed…tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury一句的理解。
而理解的关键又是proceeds(收益)和Treasury(国库,财政部)两个词。
理解了它们,就不难看出GeraldCorbett认为铁路系统是为了最大地保障政府利益而建立的,因此答案就是[B]。
其余三项明显都与原文不符。
第9题ComparingBritishrailwaywiththoseofEurope,theauthorthinks______.AtrainsinBritaincanrunat100mphatleastBBritainshouldbuildmoreexpresslinesCrailsinBritainneedfurtherprivatizationDBritishrailwayisleftalongwaybehind
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
分析推理题。
文章第三段对比了英国和欧洲其他国家的铁路系统,考生需要将这些对比进行综合和归纳。
该段指出,德、法、意等国对铁路的投资额都远大于英国,它们的政府愿意对重大项目进行投资,因此欧洲大陆上高速铁路密布,而英国铁路却并不如此,速度很慢。
由此不难看出,作者当然是在批评英国铁路落后于欧洲大陆铁路了,故本题应选[D]。
其余三项都属于抓住原文中的个别词句进行发挥,都与作者原意不符。
第10题WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBlair'sacknowledgement?
AIt'stoolatetoimprovethesituationquickly
enough.BIt'sawelcomeddeclarationof
commitment.CBlairshouldpreachittoother
travelers.DEmptywordscan'tsolvethe
problem.
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
分析推理题。
短文提到Blair的话是在最后一段。
首先,不难看出Blair的话说明的只是作者已经分析过的一种事实;其次,在引用完Blair的话后,作者指出:
Youdon'thaveto…whousetherailwayseveryday(你无需对每天搭乘火车的300万乘客说),言下之意很明显,那就是Blair的话是空话、废话,没有用。
然后,作者又举例说明英国铁路速度慢依然如故。
由此即可推断出,作者反感Blair的话,认为那只是没有用处的空话,故本题答案就是[D]:
“空话解决不了问题”。
其余各项都与此意不符。
第11题Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledo
nothing