四级阅读训练Word格式.docx

四级阅读训练Word格式.docx

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SupposewebuiltarobottoexploretheplanetMars.Weprovidetherobotwithseeingdetectorstokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelybythesun.Shouldweprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?

No.Therobotwouldbeusingupenergyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewouldprobablyprogramittoceaseitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.

Accordingtotheevolutionarytheoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous.However,sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewemightwalkinto;

itdoesnotprotectusfromtroublethatcomeslookingforus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinafamiliar,safeplace,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.

Theevolutionarytheoryaccountswellfordifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?

Surelycatsdonotneedfivetimesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.

（1）Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,theycannotaffordtosleeptoolongortoodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawayfromattackers.

21.Theauthorusestheexampleoftherobotinspaceexplorationtotellus____.A）thedifferencesbetweenrobotsandmenB）abouttheneedforrobotstosavepower

C）thereasonwhymenneedtosleepD）aboutthedangerofmenworkingatnight22.Accordingtothepassage,evolutionprogramsmantosleepatnightchieflytohelphim____.A）avoiddangerandinefficientlaborB）maintainaregularpatternoflifeC）preventtroublethatcomeswaitingforhimD）restorehisbodilyfunctions23.Accordingtotheauthor,wecannotsleepwellwhenwe____.A）areworryingaboutoursafetyB）areoverworked

C）areinatentD）areawayfromhome24.Catssleepmuchmorethanhorsesdopartlybecausecats____.A）needmoretimeforrestorationB）spendlesstimeeatingtogetenoughenergyC）areunlikelytobeattackersD）aremoreactivethanhorseswhentheyareawake25.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

A）EvolutionhasequippedcreatureswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwakingB）Thestudyofsleepisanimportantpartoftheevolutionarytheory.C）Thesleepingpatternofalivingcreatureisdeterminedbythefooditeats.D）Sleepingpatternsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthedesigningofrobots.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancy（怀孕）wasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisresocializationprocess.

（2）AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleofafather.Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthetransitiontothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransitionthewifemustmaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovative（革新的）adaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.26.Accordingtotheauthor,beingafather____.A）bringsafeelingofexcitementtosomemenB）hasadifferentmeaningforthosewhohavedaughtersC）makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasyD）meansnothingbutmoreresponsibilities27.Itisstatedinthepassagethat____.A）someparentsarenotpreparedtohaveachildB）youngcouplesdonotlikechildrenatallC）workingcouplesdonothavemuchtimetotakecareoftheirchildrenD）manyparentslookforwardtohavingaboyastheirfirstchild28.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthor____.

A）criticizesfathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilitiesinbringinguptheirchildrenB）excusestheAmericanwritersforignoringthedifficultiesofbeingafatherC）supportstheideathatthechiefroleofafatheristoearnmoneyforthefamilyD）complainsaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelphusbandsadjustthemselvestobeingafather

29.Thetransitiontothemother’srolerequiresthatthewife____.

A）changeherlifestyleinahighlyinnovativeway

B）stayathometotakecareofthebaby

C）makeacompletechangeinhereverydaylifetodealwiththenewsituation

D）helpherhusbandinhisresocializationprocess

30.Somewritersarguethatwithrespecttothechangeofroles,fathers,comparedwithmothers,____.

A）havetoshouldermoreburdens

B）haveaneasierjobtodo

C）havetomakemoredifficultadaptations

D）canusuallydoabetterjob

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.Thereaderputsquestion,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputsfurtherquestions,andsoon.

Formostofthetimethisconversation”goesonbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Attimes,however,webecomeawareofit.Thisisusuallywhenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetweenexpectationsandmeaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeing,experiencedourquestioningofthetextcontinuesattheunconsciouslevel.

Differentpeopleconversewiththetextdifferently.（3）Somestayveryclosetothewordsonthepage;

otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindofcomprehensionwhichiswritteninthetext.Thelatterrepresentshigherlevelsofcomprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewisequallyimportant,andthatistodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa“process”conversationasopposedtoa“content”conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththestrategiesweemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderourabilitytoholdacontentconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywelldeveloped.Notsoourabilitytoholdaprocessconversation.Itispreciselythiskindofconversationthatisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

31.Readingasakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetextbecomesconsciousonlywhen____.

A）thereader’sexpectationsagreewithwhatissaidinthetext

B）thereaderhastroubleunderstandingwhattheauthorsays

C）thereaderasksquestionsandgetsanswers

D）thereaderunderstandsatextverywell32.Atalowerlevelofcomprehension,readersarelikelyto____.

A）readatextslowly

B）readwithoutthinkinghard

C）interpretatextintheirownway

D）concentrateonthemeaningofwordsonly

33.Aprocess”conversationishastodowith____.A）theapplicationofreadingstrategies

B）matchingourexpectationswiththemeaningofatext

C）thedevelopmentofourabilitytocheckthedetails

D）determinesthemainideaofatext34.Accordingtothepassage,itisofvitalimportanceforreadersatahigherleveltomaintainabalancebetween____.

A）consciousandunconsciouslevelsofcomprehension

B）thereader’sexpectationsandthemeaningofatext

C）lowerandhigherlevelsofcomprehension

D）interpretingandcriticizingatext

35.Ifwewanttodevelopourreadingabilityatanadvancelevel,weshould____.

A）makeourreadingprocessmoreconscious

B）paymoreattentiontothecontentofwords

C）learntousedifferentapproachestoreadingdifferenttextsD）takeacriticalattitudetowardstheauthor’sideas

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

AlthoughAprildidnotbringustherainsweallhopedfor,andalthoughtheCentralValleydoesnotgenerallyexperiencetheatmosphericsoundandlightningthatcanaccompanythoserains,itisstillimportantforparentstobeabletoanswertheyouthfulquestionsaboutthunderandlightning.

Thereasonthesetwowondersofnaturearesodifficultformanyadultstoexplaintochildrenisthattheyarenotverywellunderstoodbyadultsthemselves.Forexample,didyouknowthatthelightningweseeflashingdowntotheearthfromacloudisactuallyflashinguptoacloudfromtheearth?

（4）Oureyestrickusintothinkingweseeadownwardmotionwhenitisa