高考英语浙江专用精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第29节.docx

高考英语浙江专用精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第29节.docx

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高考英语浙江专用精准提分二轮试题第三部分话题拓展阅读与写作第29节

第29节　世界与环境

（一）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2018·浙江十校联盟适应性考试）

Thereisnodoubtthatourliveswouldn’tbethesamewithoutcars.Buttheycanalsobeaproblem，especiallyfossil（化石）fuelcars，whichhavebecomeamajorcauseofairpollution.

Sotohelpimprovetheenvironment，Chinaisgoingtobantheproductionandsalesoffossilfuelcars.XinGuobin，China’sviceministeroftheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology，saidresearchintothebanhasalreadystarted，butithasn’tbeendecidedwhenthebanwillgointoeffect.“ThesemeasureswillpromotebigchangesintheenvironmentandgivemotivationtoChina’sautoindustrydevelopment，”hesaid.

ThemoveisjustoneofChina’smanyeffortstoliftpressureontheenvironmentafteritpromisedtostoptheriseinitscarbondioxideemissions（排放物）by2030.

Chinesedriversarealreadybigfansofelectricvehicles.ChineseautocompaniesincludingBYD，BAICandGeelyrankedamongthetopintheworldintermsofelectriccarsaleslastyear.Andmorethan40percentofthe753,000electricvehiclessoldworldwidelastyearweresoldinChina.

Meanwhile，thebanoffossilfuelcarsisincreasinglybecomingaglobaltrend.InJuly,2017，theFrenchgovernmentannouncedthatFrancewouldendsalesoffossilfuelvehiclesby2040aspartofthecountry’splantomeetitsgoalundertheParisclimateaccord.Andinthesamemonth，theUKfollowedsuitwithasimilarplan.Italsoset2040asitsdeadlinetostopsalesofnewfossilfuelvehicles.

“Allofuswhodriveorusefossilfuelvehiclesarecontributingtothecity’spoisonousair，”JohnTanner，acouncilorinOxford，UK，toldCNBC.“Everyoneneedstodotheirbit—fromnationalgovernmentandlocalauthoritiestobusinessesandresidents—toendthispublichealthemergency.”

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

为了改善环境，减少二氧化碳气体的排放，中国将禁止燃油汽车的生产和销售。

1．WhichmeasurewillChinatakeforenvironmentalprotection?

A．Investingmoreinthedevelopmentofautoindustry.

B．Forbiddingtheconsumptiononfossilfuelcars.

C．Promotingthesalesofelectricvehicles.

D．Developingandusinggreenenergy.

答案　B

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第二段首句可知，为了改善环境，中国正计划禁止燃油汽车的生产与销售。

故选B。

2．What’sXinGuobin’sattitudetowardthebanonfossilfuelcars?

A．Cautious.B．Positive.

C．Doubtful.D．Concerned.

答案　B

解+析　观点态度题。

根据第二段末句可知，辛国斌认为，禁止燃油汽车的生产和销售会促进环境的改善，并激励中国汽车工业的发展。

也就是说他对这一举措是持支持态度的。

故选B。

3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A．Thegovernmenttakesfullresponsibilityforenvironmentalprotection.

B．TheUK’smadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.

C．Fossilfuelcarsaretherootcauseofairpollution.

D．Jointeffortsareneededtoprotecttheenvironment.

答案　D

解+析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，约翰·坦纳认为，从国家政府和地方当局到公司和居民，每个人都应为结束这个公众健康危机作出努力。

由此可知，保护环境需要人们的共同努力。

故选D。

B

（2018·北京西城区高三统一检测）

TheonlinetakeawayindustryisgrowinginChinaalongwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInterneteconomy.Butenvironmentalactivistscomplainthatthehugevolumeofplasticutensils（用具），wrappingandcontainerspresentsagreatchallengetotheenvironment，andthattheheavyuseofthrowawaywoodenchopsticksisreducingnaturalresources.

OnSeptember1，theBeijingNo.4IntermediatePeople’sCourtacceptedalawsuitfiledbytheChongqingGreenVolunteerLeague，anenvironmentalnongovernmentorganization（NGO），againstthecountry’sthreelargestfooddeliveryplatforms—BaiduWaimai，Ele.meandMeituan.TheNGOstatedthatthecompaniesfailedtoprovidecustomerswiththechoicetonotreceivethrowawayplasticutensilsalongwiththeirfooddeliveries.Meanwhile，theseutensilshavecreatedlargeamountsofrubbishandcausedseriousecologicaldamage.

Inresponse，bothMeituanandEle.me，whichacquiredBaiduWaimaiinAugust，havepromisedtotakemeasurestoreduceplasticwaste.Meituanannouncedthatitwouldappointachiefenvironmentalofficertooverseeenvironmentalissuesfromplasticwasteandupgradeitssmartphoneapptoprovideconsumerswiththeoptionoforderingfoodwithoutsingleusechopsticks，spoonsornapkins.Ele.mefollowedbyofferingasimilarchoiceandputtingforwardaplantointroducesuppliersofdegradable（可降解的）plasticutensilstorestaurantsinthelongterm.

Isthereapossiblewayout?

Combinedeffortsbydeliveryplatforms，consumers，restaurantsandgovernmentdepartmentsarerequiredtoaddressplasticwastepollution.

Forplatforms，promotingenvironmentalprotectionandintroducingthisideatoconsumersareameaningfulmove.Moreover，inthefuture，theyshouldalsomakestrictrulesontheuseofplasticutensils.Forexample，nomorethanoneplasticbagshouldbeusedtowrapsoupdishes，andallplasticproductsshouldbedegradable.Itisalonganddifficulttaskforthem，andtherecentreactionsfromEle.meandMeituanarejustbeginnings.

Consideringmosttakeoutfoodpackagingisthrownintogarbagebinsandthentakenawayalongwithotherhouseholdgarbage，sortingofwastealsobecomesmoreimportant.Governmentdepartmentscouldplayamajorroleinthis，andbyrecyclingsomematerials，wastepollutioncouldbereducedandresourcessaved.Furthermore，therehavebeengrowingcallsthatthegovernmentshouldalsoinvestmoreindevelopingdegradableplasticproductsorenvironmentallyfriendlyalternatives.

Thoughconsumersenjoytheconvenienceyetalsosufferexposuretothepollution，manyofthemhavepaidlittleattentiontotheplasticwasteproblem.Environmentalgroupssuggestthatconsumerschangetheirhabitsalittlebyusingtheirownutensilsanddishesandrefusingunnecessaryplasticcontainers.

语篇解读　本文主要讲述了互联网时代迅速发展的网络业务带来的塑料器具的污染问题，及政府、网络平台和消费者们该如何应对。

4．TheChongqingGreenVolunteerLeagueaccusedthethreefooddeliveryplatformsof.

A．causingdamagetopeople’shealth

B．violatingenvironmentalstandards

C．usingmanywoodenchopsticks

D．offeringnoutensiloption

答案　D

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“TheNGOstatedthatthecompaniesfailedtoprovidecustomerswiththechoicetonotreceivethrowawayplasticutensilsalongwiththeirfooddeliveries.”可知，重庆市绿色志愿者联合会指控这三种食品外卖平台没有给顾客提供是否需要塑料用具的选择。

故选D。

5．Theauthorsuggestsfooddeliveryplatforms.

A．raisepeople’sawareness

B．researchpossiblealternatives

C．upgradetheirapplicationdesign

D．hireachiefenvironmentalofficer

答案　A

解+析　推理判断题。

根据第五段中的“Forplatforms，promotingenvironmentalprotectionandintroducingthisideatoconsumersareameaningfulmove.”可知，作者建议食品外卖平台应宣传环境保护，提高人们的环保意识。

故选A。

6．Whoprobablyplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotingthecategorizationofrubbish?

A．Governmentdepartments.

B．Fooddeliveryplatforms.

C．Environmentalgroups.

D．Fastfoodrestaurants.

答案　A

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“...sortingofwastealsobecomesmoreimportant，Governmentdepartmentscouldplayamajorroleinthis，andbyrecyclingsomematerials，wastepollutioncouldbereducedandresourcessaved.”可知，政府部门可能在促进垃圾分类中扮演更重要的角色。

故选A。

7．Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A．whyenvironmentalproblemsarise

B．whofooddeliveryplatformsaffectmost

C．howplasticutensilpollutioncanbesolved

D．whateffortsenvironmentalgroupshavemade

答案　C

解+析　主旨大意题。

本文讲述了因外卖平台给顾客提供塑料餐具造成了环境污染而受到起诉一事。

从而引发作者对如何应对这一难题的建议。

因此本文主要关注的是如何解决塑料器具的污染问题。

故选C。

Ⅱ.完形填空

（2017·河南开封质检）

Doyouthinkanindividualcanmakeadifference？

AskRossanoErcolini，theGoldmanPrizewinner，whichisconsideredtheNobelPrizefor“8”．Ercoliniisayoung9inasmalltowninItaly.After10thenewsofreducingwasteontheradio，hedecidedtoteachhisstudentsto11paperandreplaceplasticwaterbottlesintheschoollunchroomwith12glasses.

Whenhistownannouncedplanstoopenanincineratortoburnwaste，Ercoliniknewitwouldbe13tohisstudents.Incineratorsarehugeheatersthatburnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials，leavingbehind14.Youmightthinkitis15thansendingwastetolandfills.Itistruethatlandfills16space，smellbad，andthatpoisonousmaterialscanmakeundergrounddrinkingwater17touse.Butincineratorshavetheirown18.Burningwill19poisonousgasesintotheair，causingbreathingproblems.Peoplewillhavetowearamask20theygoout.Thesmokealsocausespollution，andeven21thegreenhouseeffect.

Ercoliniwasworriedaboutthe22ofhiscommunityandfeltitwashisdutyto23them.Heorganizedtownmeetingsandtalkedabouthowtoreduce，reuseandrecycle.24，Ercolinihasadvocatedthezerowastemovement，the25ofwhichistoreducethewastetotheleastpossibleamount.Hehasalready26plansformorethan50incineratorsinmanyItaliancities.27hisefforts，therearemorethan100zerowastetownsinItalynow!

语篇解读　面对很多城市建立垃圾焚烧炉的计划，埃尔科利尼通过自己的努力让人们认识到焚烧垃圾的危害，并且通过倡导“零废弃物运动”使环境变得更加美好，他的努力终于得到了回报。

8．A.PeaceB．Environment

C．MedicineD．Literature

答案　B

解+析　根据下文可知，埃尔科利尼在收音机上听到减少废弃物的新闻后，开始在课堂上教育学生做和环保有关的事情：

教学生再利用纸张、用可重复使用的玻璃杯代替塑料杯等。

由此可知，这个奖项是和保护环境（Environment）有关。

故选B项。

peace和平；medicine药品；literature文学。

9．A.teacherB．farmer

C．trainerD．gardener

答案　A

解+析　根据下文的“hedecidedtoteachhisstudents...”可知，埃尔科利尼是一位教师（teacher）。

10．A.watchingB．reading

C．hearingD．making

答案　C

解+析　根据空后的“ontheradio”可知，他是通过收音机听到（hearing）减少废弃物这一消息的。

11．A.foldB．roll

C．tearD．recycle

答案　D

解+析　从空前的reducingwaste及空后的replaceplasticwaterbottles可知，此处应指他教学生再利用纸张。

fold折叠，折起；roll滚动，翻转；tear撕扯，扯破；recycle再利用，回收使用。

根据语境可知选D项。

12．A.coloredB．reusable

C．thickD．valuable

答案　B

解+析　本文的主题和“环保”相关，且根据replace可知，此处指用可重复使用的（reusable）玻璃杯代替塑料杯。

故选B项。

colored有色的；thick厚的；valuable贵重的，有价值的。

13．A.harmfulB．necessary

C．suitableD．convenient

答案　A

解+析　根据下文的“burnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials”可知，焚烧废弃物和有毒物质对学生是有害的（harmful）。

故选A项。

necessary必需的；suitable合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的。

14．A.rockB．sand

C．waterD．ash

答案　D

解+析　由常识可知，垃圾焚烧之后留下的是灰，所以选ash，而不是rock（岩石）、sand（沙子）或者water（水）。

15．A.worseB．harder

C．betterD．further

答案　C

解+析　下文介绍的是垃圾填埋的坏处：

垃圾填埋场占空间、污染空气、污染水源等，所以此处是说你可能会认为焚烧垃圾要比把它们送到垃圾填埋场更好（better）。

故选C项。

16．