山东大学考博英语部分试题及参考答案.docx

山东大学考博英语部分试题及参考答案.docx

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山东大学考博英语部分试题及参考答案

2015年山东大学考博英语部分试题及参考答案

2015年山东大学考博英语部分试题

完形填空

 ArecentpollindicatedthathalftheteenagersintheUnitedStatesbelievethatcommunicationbetweenthemandtheirparentsis__1__andfurtherthatoneoftheprimecausesofthisgapis__2__listeningbehavior.Asa（an）__3__inpoint，oneparentbelievedthatherdaughterhadasevere__4__problem.Shewasso__5__thatshetookhertoanaudiologisttohavehereartested.Theaudiologistcarefullytestedbothearsandreportedbacktotheparent：

“There‘snothingwrongwithherhearing.She’sjust__6__youout.”

  Aleadingcauseofthe__7__divorcerate（morethanhalfofallmarriagesendindivorce）isthefailureofhusbandsandwivesto__8__effectively.Theydon‘tlistentoeachother.Neitherperson__9__totheactualmessagesentbytheother.

 In__10__fashion，politicalscientistsreportthatagrowingnumberofpeoplebelievethattheirelectedand__11__officialsareoutof__12__withtheconstituentstheyaresupposedly__13__.Why?

Becausetheydon‘tbelievethattheylistentothem.Infact，itseemsthatsometimesourpoliticiansdon’tevenlistentothemselves.Thefollowingisatruestory：

Atanational__14__conferenceheldinAlbuquerquesomeyearsago，thenSenatorJosephMontoyawas__15__acopyofapressreleasebyapressaideshortlybeforehegotupbeforetheaudienceto__16__aspeech.Whenherosetospeak，__17__thehorrorofthepressaideandthe__18__ofhisaudience，Montoyabeganreadingthepressrelease，nothisspeech.Hebegan，“Forimmediaterelease.SenatorJosephM.Montoya，DemocratofNewMexico，lastnighttoldtheNational……”Montoyareadtheentiresix-pagerelease，__19__withthestatementthathe“wasrepeatedly__20__byapplause.”

1.[A]scarce[B]little[C]rare[D]poor

2.[A]malignant[B]deficient[C]ineffective[D]feeble

3.[A]case[B]example[C]lesson[D]suggestion

4.[A]audio[B]aural[C]hearing[D]listening

5.[A]believing[B]convinced[C]assured[D]doubtless

6.[A]turning[B]tuning[C]tucking[D]tugging

7.[A]rising[B]arising[C]raising[D]arousing

8.[A]exchange[B]interchange[C]encounter[D]interact

9.[A]relates[B]refers[C]responds[D]resorts

10.[A]like[B]alike[C]likely[D]likewise

11.[A]nominated[B]selected[C]appointed[D]supported

12.[A]connection[B]reach[C]association[D]touch

13.[A]leading[B]representing[C]delegating[D]supporting

14.[A]legislative[B]legitimate[C]legalized[D]liberal

15.[A]distributed[B]awarded[C]handed[D]submitted

16.[A]present[B]publish[C]deliver[D]pursue

17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on

18.[A]joy[B]enjoyment[C]amusement[D]delight

19.[A]conclude[B]toconclude[C]concluding[D]concluded

20.[A]disrupted[B]interfered[C]interrupted[D]stopped

阅读理解

第一篇

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinction（区别）andonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting（稍纵即逝的）thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”inthewritingprocess,hemeans                .

A．onecannotusethematthesametimeB．theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C．theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD．noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

2Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis                .

A．puttingtheirideasinrawformB．ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

C．attemptingtoeditastheywriteD．tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

3Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

A．Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B．Togetone’sideasdown.

C．Tochooseanappropriatetopic.D．Tocollectrawmaterials.

4Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat                .

A．itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB．itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

C．itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD．ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

5Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

A．Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.B．Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C．Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D．Itimproveshiswritingintobettershape.

第二篇2002年1月六级

"Theworld'senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwereanexaminationtopic,moststudentswouldtearitapart,offeringalonglistofcomplaints:

fromlocalsmog（烟雾）toglobalclimatechange,fromthefelling（砍伐）offoreststotheextinctionofspecies.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernlegitimate.Yetthestudentswhoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare,nothowbad.

　Afterall,theworld'spopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutput

hasrisenhugely,soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900（or1950,orindeed1980）,theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace:

smelly,dirty,toxicanddangerous.

　Buttheydon't.Thereasonswhytheydon't,andwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenmined,

havetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinre-

sponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhy,today'senvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountries

ought,inprinciple,tobesolvable.

Rawmaterialshavenotrunout,andshownosignofdoingso.Logically,onedaytheymust:

theplanetisafiniteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig,andmanisveryingenious.Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreasonpricesforenergyandformineralshavefalleninrealtemp3sduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate,inresponsetoharvests,naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability;andwhentheyrise,ittakessometimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo,assistedbynewfamp3ingandcroptechnology.Thelongtemp3trendhasbeendownwards.

　Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign（良性的）trendbeginstostumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned,noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit:

fishisthebestexampleofthis.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,moststudents________.

A）believetheworld'senvironmentisinanundesirablecondition

B）agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthoughttobe

C）gethighmarksfortheirgoodknowledgeoftheworld'senvironment

D）appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworld'senvironment

2.Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation________.

A）hasmadetheworldaworseplacetolivein

B）hashadapositiveinfluenceontheenvironment

C）hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment

D）hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein

3.Oneofthereasonswhythelong-temp3trendofpriceshasbeendownwardsisthat________.

A）technologicalinnovationcanpromotesocialstability

B）politicalinstabilitywillcauseconsumptiontodrop

C）newfamp3ingandcroptechnologycanleadtooverproduction

D）newsourcesarealwaysbecomingavailable

4.Fishresourcesarediminishingbecause________.

A）nonewsubstitutescanbefoundinlargequantities

B）theyarenotownedbyanyparticularentity

C）impropermethodsoffishinghaveminedthefishinggrounds

D）waterpollutionisextremelyserious

5.Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis________.

A）toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly

B）tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresources

C）tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulation

D）toavoidfluctuationsinprices

第三篇2005年6月六级

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn’tharmrainforest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.Thisistheunort