注塑模具之模具设计与制造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx

注塑模具之模具设计与制造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx

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注塑模具之模具设计与制造外文文献翻译中英文翻译

外文翻译：

InjectionmouldingforMoldDesignandManufacture

Themoldisthemanufacturingindustryimportantcraftfoundation,inourcountry,themoldmanufacturebelongstothespecialpurposeequipmentmanufacturingindustry.Chinaalthoughveryalreadystartstomakethemoldandtheusemold,butlong-termhasnotformedtheindustry.Straightstabs0centuries80'slaterperiods,theChinesemoldindustryonlythendrivesintothedevelopmentspeedway.Recentyears,notonlythestate-ownedmoldenterprisehadtheverybigdevelopment,thethreeinvestmentsenterprise,thevillagesandtowns（individual）themoldenterprise'sdevelopmentalsoquiterapidly.

AlthoughtheChinesemoldindustrialdevelopmentrapid,butcompareswiththedemand,obviouslyfallsshortofdemand,itsmaingapconcentratespreciselyto,large-scale,iscomplex,thelonglifemolddomain.Asaresultofinaspectandsoonmoldprecision,life,manufacturecycleandproductivity,Chinaandtheinternationalaveragehorizontalandthedevelopedcountrystillhadabiggerdisparity,therefore,neededmassivelytoimportthemoldeveryyear.

TheChinesemoldindustryexceptmustcontinuetosharpentheproductivity;fromnowonwillhaveemphaticallytotheprofessioninternalstructureadjustmentandthestate-of-artenhancement.Thestructureadjustmentaspect,mainlyistheenterprisestructuretothespecializedadjustment,theproductstructuretocentertheupscalemolddevelopment,totheimportandexportstructureimprovement,centertheupscaleautomobilecovermoldforminganalysisandthestructureimprovement,themulti-purposecompoundmoldandthecompoundprocessingandthelasertechnologyinthemolddesignmanufactureapplication,thehigh-speedcutting,thesuperfinishingandpolishedthetechnology,theinformationdirectiondevelops.

Therecentyears,themoldprofessionstructureadjustmentandtheorganizationalreformstepenlarges,mainlydisplayedin,large-scale,precise,wascomplex,thelonglife,centertheupscalemoldandthemoldstandardletterdevelopmentspeedishigherthanthecommonmoldproduct;Theplasticmoldandthecompressioncastingmoldproportionincreases;Specializedmoldfactoryquantityanditsproductivityincrease;"Thethreeinvestments"andtheprivateenterprisedevelopsrapidly;Thejointstocksystemtransformationstepspeedsupandsoon.Distributesfromthearealooked,takeZhujiangDeltaandYangtzeRiverdeltaascentralsoutheastcoastalareadevelopmentquicklytomid-westarea,southdevelopmentquicklytonorth.Atpresentdevelopsquickest,themoldproducesthemostcentralizedprovinceisGuangdongandZhejiang,placessuchasJiangsu,Shanghai,AnhuiandShandongalsohasabiggerdevelopmentinrecentyears.

Althoughourcountrymoldtotalquantityhadatpresentachievedthesuitablescale,themoldlevelalsohastheverybigenhancement,afterbutdesignmanufacturehorizontaloverallriseandfallindustrydevelopedcountryandsoonYuDe,America,date,France,Italymany.Thecurrentexistencequestionandthedisparitymainlydisplayinfollowingseveralaspects:

（1）Thetotalquantityfallsshortofdemand

Domesticmoldassemblingonerateonly,about70%.Low-grademold,centerupscalemoldassemblingoneselfrateonlyhas50%about.

（2）Theenterpriseorganizationalstructure,theproductstructure,thetechnicalstructureandtheimportandexportstructuredoesnotgather

Inourcountrymoldproductionfactorytobemostisfromthelabormoldworkshopwhichproducesassemblesoneself（branchfactory）,fromproducesassemblesoneselftheproportiontoreachashighasabout60%,buttheoverseasmoldultra70%isthecommoditymold.Thespecializedmoldfactorymostlyis"largeandcomplete","smallandentire"organizationform,butoverseasmostlyis"smallbut","isspeciallysmallandfine".Domesticlarge-scale,precise,complex,thelonglifemoldaccountsforthetotalquantityproportiontobeinsufficient30%,butoverseasin50%above2004years,ratioofthemoldimportandexportis3.7:

1,theimportandexportbalancestheafternetimportvolumetoamountto1.32billionUSdollars,isworldmoldnetimportquantitybiggestcountry.

（3）Themoldproductlevelgreatlyislowerthantheinternationalstandard

Theproductioncycleactuallyishigherthantheinternationalwaterbroadproductlevellowmainlytodisplayinthemoldprecision,cavityaspectandsoonsurfaceroughness,lifeandstructure.

（4）Developstheabilitybadly,economicefficiencyunsatisfactoryourcountrymoldenterprisetechnicalpersonnelproportionlow

Thelevelislower,alsodoesnottaketheproductdevelopment,andfrequentlyisinthepassivepositioninthemarket.Ourcountryeachmoldstaffaverageyearcreationoutputvalueapproximately,tenthousandUSdollars,overseasmoldindustrydevelopedcountrymostly15to10,000USdollars,somereachashighas25to10,000USdollars,relativeisourcountryquitepartofmoldsenterprisesalsocontinuestousetheworkshoptypemanagementwithit,trulyrealizestheenterprisewhichthemodernizedenterprisemanagesfew

Tocreatetheabovedisparitythereasontobeverymany,themoldlong-termhasnotobtainedthevaluebesidesthehistoryinastheproductwhichshouldhave,aswellasthemoststate-ownedenterprisesmechanismcannotadaptthemarketeconomy,butalsohasthefollowingseveralreasons:

.

Themoldmaterialperformance,thequalityandthevarietyquestionoftencanaffectthemoldquality,thelifeandthecost,thedomesticallyproducedmoldingtoolsteelandoverseasimportsthesteelproductstocomparehasabiggerdisparity.Plastic,plate,equipmentenergybalance,alsodirectinfluencemoldlevelenhancement.

RSPTooling

RapidSolidificationProcess（RSP）Tooling,isasprayformingtechnologytailoredforproducingmoldsanddies[2-4].Theapproachcombinesrapidsolidificationprocessingandnetshapematerialsprocessinginasinglestep.ThegeneralconceptinvolvesconvertingamolddesigndescribedbyaCADfiletoatoolingmasterusingasuitablerapidprototyping（RP）technologysuchasstereolithography.Apatterntransferismadetoacastableceramic,typicallyaluminaorfusedsilica.Thisisfollowedbysprayformingathickdepositoftoolsteel（orotheralloy）onthepatterntocapturethedesiredshape,surfacetextureanddetail.Theresultantmetalblockiscooledtoroomtemperatureandseparatedfromthepattern.Typically,thedeposit’sexteriorwallsaremachinedsquare,allowingittobeusedasaninsertinaholdingblocksuchasaMUDframe[5].Theoverallturnaroundtimefortoolingisaboutthreedays,statingwithamaster.Moldsanddiesproducedinthiswayhavebeenusedforprototypeandproductionrunsinplasticinjectionmoldinganddiecasting.

AnimportantbenefitofRSPToolingisthatitallowsmoldsanddiestobemadeearlyinthedesigncycleforacomponent.Trueprototypepartscanbemanufacturedtoassessform,fit,andfunctionusingthesameprocessplannedforproduction.Ifthepartisqualified,thetoolingcanberuninproductionasconventionaltoolingwould.UseofadigitaldatabaseandRPtechnologyallowsdesignmodificationstobeeasilymade.

ExperimentalProcedure

Analumina-baseceramic（Cotronics780[6]）wasslurrycastusingasiliconerubbermasterdie,orfreezecastusingastereolithographymaster.Aftersettingup,ceramicpatternsweredemolded,firedinakiln,andcooledtoroomtemperature.H13toolsteelwasinductionmeltedunderanitrogenatmosphere,superheatedabout100︒C,andpressure-fedintoabench-scaleconverging/divergingspraynozzle,designedandconstructedin-house.Aninertgasatmospherewithinthesprayapparatusminimizedin-flightoxidationoftheatomizeddropletsastheydepositedontothetoolpatternatarateofabout200kg/h.Gas-to-metalmassflowratiowasapproximately0.5.

Fortensilepropertyandhardnessevaluation,thespray-formedmaterialwassectionedusingawireEDMandsurfacegroundtoremovea0.05mmthickheat-affectedzone.Sampleswereheattreatedinafurnacethatwaspurgedwithnitrogen.EachsamplewascoatedwithBNandplacedinasealedmetalfoilpacketasaprecautionarymeasuretopreventdecarburization.Artificiallyagedsamplesweresoakedfor1hourattemperaturesrangingfrom400to700︒C,andaircooled.ConventionallyheattreatedH13wasaustenitizedat1010︒Cfor30min.,airquenched,anddoubletempered（2hrplus2hr）at538︒C.

MicrohardnesswasmeasuredatroomtemperatureusingaShimadzuTypeMVickersHardnessTesterbyaveragingtenmicroindentationreadings.Microstructureoftheetched（3%nital）toolsteelwasevaluatedopticallyusinganOlympusModelPME-3metallographandanAmrayModel1830scanningelectronmicroscope.Phasecompositionwasanalyzedviaenergy-dispersivespectroscopy（EDS）.ThesizedistributionofoverspraypowderwasanalyzedusingaMicrotracFullRangeParticleAnalyzerafterpowdersamplesweresievedat200μmtoremovecoarseflakes.SampledensitywasevaluatedbywaterdisplacementusingArchimedes’principleandaMettlerbalance（ModelAE100）.

Aquasi1-DcomputercodedevelopedatINEELwasusedtoevaluatemultiphaseflowbehaviorinsidethenozzleandfreejetregions.Thecode'sbasicnumericaltechniquesolvesthesteadystategasflowfieldthroughanadaptivegrid,conservativevariablesapproachandtreatsthedropletphaseinaLagrangianmannerwithfullaerodynamicandenergeticcouplingbetweenthedropletsandtransportgas.Theliquidmetalinjectionsystemiscoupledtothethroatgasdynamics,andeffectsofheattransferandwallfrictionareincluded.Thecodealsoincludesanonequilibriumsolidificationmodeltha