英语论文写作中图表描述表达法集粹.docx

英语论文写作中图表描述表达法集粹.docx

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英语论文写作中图表描述表达法集粹

图表描述表达法集粹

I．Introduction（ParaphrasetheWordsontheGraphicMaterial）

﹡PatternOne（WithouttheSummaryoftheTrend）

1．ThisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbetweenFlorida，astateoftheUnitedStates，andtheUnitedStatesasawholeinfouraspects，namely，registeredengineers，thecivilianlaborforce，manufacturingemploymentandhi-techemployment，from1978to1987．

2．Thereweremanysignificantchangesinmodesoftransportusedbycitydwellersfrom1950to1990．Thefollowingparagraphswillidentifyanddiscussthetrendsintheaccompanyinggraph．

3．Thechartbelowdisplaystheaverageearningsperweek，inpoundssterling，ofpeopleofdifferentlevelsofeducationlivingintheUKbetweentheyears1965and1995．

4．ThechartindicatesthesubjectsstudiedbyuniversitystudentsinAustraliaduringthelatteroflastcentury．

5．ThechartshowsthenumberofroadaccidentsinBritainoveraperiodofsixyears．

6．ThelinegraphrevealstheamountoffastfoodconsumedbyAustralianteenagersovera25-yearperiodbetween1975and2000．

7．Thebarchartillustratesthepercentageofemployeesindifferentoccupationsabsentfromworkinagivenweekin2001．

8．Indicatorsofeconomicandsocialconditionsinfourcountries，Canada，Japan，PeruandZaire，in1994，compiledbytheUN，reflectthegreatdifferencesthatexistbetweenwealthierandpoorernations．

﹡PatternTwo（WiththeSummaryoftheTrend）

9.ThegraphcomparestherateofsmokinginmenandwomeninErewhonbetweentheyears1960and1995.Itcanbeclearlyseenthattherateofsmokingforbothmenandwomeniscurrentlydecliningandthatfewerwomenhavesmokedthroughouttheperiod.

10.ThegraphscomparethenumberofdeathscausedbysixdiseasesinErewhomin1990withtheamountofresearchfundingallocatedtoeachofthosediseases.Itcanbeclearlyseenthattheamountofresearchfundinginmanycasesdidnotcorrelatewiththeseriousnessofthediseaseintermsofnumbersofdeaths.

11.ThethreegraphsprovideanoverviewofthetypesofmusicpeoplepurchaseintheUK.Atfirstglance,weseethatclassicalmusicisfarlesspopularthanpoporrockmusic.

II.Comparison

﹡TheSame

12.In1985,peoplewithaMaster'sdegreeenjoyedthesameaverageearningsaspeoplewithaDoctoraldegree.

﹡LittleDifference

13.Thedifferenceinearningsofpeoplewithdifferentlevelsofeducationisverysmall.

14.ThesituationinAustraliaandNewZealandwassimilarinthattheimprisonmentratesfrom1930to1980remainedstable.

15.AsimilartrendwasseeninAsia.

16.Thedifferenceinearningsbetweenhighschoolleaversanduniversitygraduatesdiminishedafter1995.

17.By1999,coffeeconsumptioninChinastoodat992millioncups,almostequalthatofAmerica,whichstoodat1,090millioncupsperyear.

18.Thetrendwasvirtuallymirroredbystudyofthearts,whichincreasedsignificantlyfrom20%in1950-59,through25%tenyearslater,finallyreaching38%by1990-99.

19.Duringthefirstperiodofeachyear,thefiguresaveragedouttoaround300,000to350,000accidents.

20.Asimilarpatternisalsorecordedforboththefinance/bankinganddefence-relatedpublicsectors.

*LargeDifference

21.Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweenallthreecountries.

22.Inthehighestexecutiveposition（GradeA）,womenrepresentonlyabout8%oftheworkersThisstandsinmarkedcontrasttothe92%ofmenrepresentedinthisjobcategory.

23.Thisisinstarkcontrastwith1945whenonly30%ofgirlscompletedprimaryschool,35%hadnoschoolingatalland35%onlycompletedthethirdgrade.

24.Itcanbeseenthattheamountofleisuretimeavailablevariesconsiderablyacrosstheagegroupsandthatpeopleofdifferentagelevelshaveverydifferentwaysofspendingtheirfreetime.

25.Whenchildrenenterthehousehold,however,theinequalitybecomesevenmorepronounced.

26.CanadadiffersfromtheUnitedStatesbecausethefiguresreachedapeakof120peopleinathousandin1930.

27.Incontrast,almosttheoppositeoccurredwithbusiness.

28.Infact,thehighertheposition,thehigherthepercentageofmenrepresentedinthecategory.Incomparison,women'srepresentationisinverselyproportionaltothemen'ssothatthehigherthecategory,thelowerthepercentageofwomentobefound.

29.Interestalsodropsoffaftertheageof35withanevensharperfallfromage45onwards,apatternwhichistheoppositetotheclassicalmusicgraph.

Lessthan

30.EarningforpeoplewithaBachelor'sdegreewasslightlylessthanpeoplewithaMaster'sorDoctoraldegree.

31.Thefiguresrevealthathamburgersarethemostpopularfastfood,pizzacomingaclosesecond.

32.Inaword,Americahasthehighestrateofimprisonment,followedbyEuropeandfinallyAustralia.

33.AlthoughtherateofimprisonmentinNewZealandfell,itwasoutmatchedbytheUnitedState's.

34.TheincreaseinearningforthewholeperiodwaslessforpeoplewithaBachelor'sdegree（￡60）thanforpeoplewithaMaster'sorDoctoraldegree（￡70）.

*Morethan

35.Thereweremoremalesthanfemales（5%and10%respectively）.

36.Thesefigureswereoverwhelminglygreaterthanthecorrespondingfiguresof$160inPeruand$130inZaire.

37.PeopleworkinginthecomputerindustryinChinaexceededthatofBritainintheyear2000.

38.In1970and2000,morepeopledidmanuallaborinBritainthaninChina.

39.In1960,theUnitedState'simprisonmentwasintheprocessofbeingdeveloped.Yetitstilloutnumberedtheothercountries.

40.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesexperiencedadeclineinimprisonmentrates,itstillremainedaheadofCanada.

41.We.wouldexpecttoseethatcoffeedrinkersinAmericafaroutweighthoseinChina,which,infactisthecase.

42.Inbothcases,teenagers,andretiredpeoplespendaroundtwiceasmuchtimeasthosewhoareatworkingage.

﹡AvoidingRepetition

43.Whilewomenshowedasteadyincrease,malesmokersdroppedsharplyafter1980,butbeganasteadyincreaseagainafter1990.

44.PeopleworkinginthecomputerindustryinChinaexceededthatofBritainintheyear2000.

45.Thenumberofmalesmokersin1960stoodat21%,comparedto16%ofthefemalepopulation.

Ⅲ.OverallTrend

46.Therewasanoverallincreaseinearningsacrosstheboard.

47.Femalesmokerssawtheoppositetrend.

48.Theincreaseinmalesmokerscorrespondswithadeclineinfemalesmokers.

49.ThegeneraltrendisthattheamountofTVwatchedincreaseswithage.

50.Chinaexperiencedadeclineinagriculturalandmanualwork,andasignificantriseincomputer-relatedwork.

51.FarlesssignificantchangetookplaceinBritainwiththeexceptionofasignificantdeclineinmanualjobs.

52.Therewasasteadyincreaseincomputeruseinallcategories.

53.Mostcomputerusageisforbusinessorpleasurepurposes.

54.Thetrendcontinuedthrough1970.

55.Overall,therewasadeclineinmalesmokers.

56.Apartfromadeclineinthe31to45agegroup,overall,Americasawasteadyclimbafterabout21,from18%to40%.

57.Allfourcontinentssawageneralpopulationgrowth.

58.AsimilartrendwasseeninAsia.

IV.Increase

*BigIncrease

59.Thebiggestchangeoccurredintheperiod1985to1995,whenhighschoolgraduatesenjoyedthegreatestincreaseinearnings.

60.Overthethirty-yearperiod,therewasabigincreaseinearningsamongstpeoplewithhighschoolcertificates（￡85）.

61.Chinaexperiencedasignificantriseincomputer-relatedwork.

62.Therewasadramaticincrease,in1970,inthenumberofuniversitygraduates.

63.Japanexperiencedamassiveincreaseincarownershipinthe1930s.

64.TherewasasignificantdifferenceinthemoneypeoplespentonCDsintheNorthernTerritoriesbetweenAugustandSeptember,from25%to48%.

65.Thegreatestdifferenceoccurredbetween1940and1950inBrazil.

66.After1940,therewasasignificantincreaseinthenumberofimprisonments,reaching90thousandin1980,athree-foldincreasefrom1930.

67.InGreatBritain,in1930,imprisonmentfiguresstoodat30,000.However,theyincreasedthreefold,to90,000by1980.

68.Threeyearslater,in1996,bothcountriessawamarkedincrease.

69.Infact,1997sawahugeincreasefrom329,000accidentsinthefirstquartertoamassive764,000accidentsduringthesecondquarter.

70.Fromthistimeonwards,energydemandclimbeddramaticallyfromtwounitsofenergyin1996andisprojectedtoreachsevenunitsintheyear2005.

71.Itincreasedsubstantiallyatthebeginningoftheyear.

*SmallIncrease

72.Duringthesameperiod,peoplewithaDoctoraldegreeincreasedtheirearningsbytheleastamount.

73.TheNorthernTerritories,duringthefirstpartoftheyear,experiencedaslightincreasefrom10%inJanuaryto15%inMarch.

74.PeopleholdingaBachelor'sdegreeonlymanagedamodestincreaseof£5perweek,reachingalevelof￡145in1995.

75.Thenumberofmeninthesectorroseonlymarginallyfrom425,000to480,000inthesameperiod.

*Gradual/SteadyIncrease

76.Therewasagradualincreaseinearningamongstpeoplewithauniversitydegree.

77.Whilewomenshowedasteadyincrease,malesmokersdroppedsharplyafter1980,butbeganasteadyincreaseagainafter1990.

78.Therewasasteadyincreaseincomputeruseinallcategories.

79.Indiaexperiencedasteadyrisebetween1940and1960.

80.FollowingaslumpinsalesduringApriltoJune,QueenslandsawasteadyriseinspendingbetweenJulyandOctober.

81.In1990,thenumberofmalesmokersdiminishedsignificantlytoonly1396,whilstthenumberoffemalesmokersrosesteadilyto22%.

82.Apartfromadeclineinthe31to45agegroup,overall,Americasawasteadyclimbafterabout21,from18%to40%.

*SharpIncreas