英语专业八级人文知识改错3140.docx
《英语专业八级人文知识改错3140.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语专业八级人文知识改错3140.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英语专业八级人文知识改错3140
Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtaking
prosperityforgrant.Theybeganbelievethattheirwayofdoing(9)
businesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldtherefore
shortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980broughtoneinquiryafter(10)
anotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsome-
timessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowing
competitionfromoverseas.
(12)
Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersand
acquisitionseverwitnessed.Theprocesssweepsfromhyperactive
AmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergedcountrieswithunsur-
(1)
passedmightfulness.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthis
(2)
processandworrying:
"Won'tthewaveofbusinessconcentration
turnintoancontrollableanti-competitiveforce?
"(3)
There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmore
powerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedlessthan20%ofin-(4)
ternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%and
growingrapidly.Internationalaffiliationsareafast-growingseg-(5)
mentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeign
investment.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsoverthe
roleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandover
thefinalstabilityoftheworldeconomy.(6)
Ibelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassive
M&A.wavearethesameasthatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:
(7)
fallentransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandin-(8)
vestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedopera-
tionscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebenefi-
cial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,the
world'swealthincreases.
Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwave
arescanty.Anditishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoil(9)
firmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwas(10)
fearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.Themergeroftelecom
companies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherprices
forconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.On
thecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.
(13)
Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectionbetweenjour-
nalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpexplainwhythe"standard
(1)
templates"ofthenewsroomseemalienformanyreaders.Inare-
(2)
centsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-
sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolisalareas.(3)
Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomand
askedthesamequestions.
RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalists
aremorelikelytoliveinupclassneighborhoods,havemaids,own(4)
Mercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotothe(5)
church,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunitity.
Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculture-
alelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthis
elites.
Theastonishingdistructofthenewsmediaisn'trootedin
accuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedaily(6)
crashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.(7)
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlya
decliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemploy-
eeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsors
lotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderwhy(8)
customersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitnever
seemstogetaroundtonoticetheculturalandclassbiasesthatso(9)
manyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdoes,itwouldopen(10)
upitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,
andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,educa-
tion,andclass.
(14)
Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-
termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehas
notgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,thatwouldrathertry
(1)
switchingto"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysic-
calexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,found
thatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultsweretryingtoshed
(2)
poundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.
Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoo
muchbycalorie-expendingcharts;forexample,onewouldhaveto(3)
brisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkthe275caloriesinonedeli-(4)
ciousDanishpastry.Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapoint
here."Exerciseinitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,"says(5)
YorkOnnen,theprogramdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilon(6)
PhysicalFitnessandSports.
Therefore,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionis(7)
vital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweight
policeofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewho
dietwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,while(8)
thosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheir
newweight.
Ifyoudecidetostartwalkingonemileaday,theaddedexercise
couldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assumednoin-(9)
creaseinfoodtakein,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthe(10)
distanceofyourwalksgraduallyandmakingotherdietary'adjust-
ments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.
(15)
Manyofthehomeelectricgoodswhichareadvertisedaslibera-
tingthemodernwomentendtohavetheoppositeeffects,sotheysimple
(1)
changethenatureofworkinsteadofeliminatingit.Machineshavea
certainnoveltyvalue,astoysforadults.Itiscertainlylesstiredto
(2)
putclothesinawashingmachine,butthetimesaveddoesnotreally(3)
amounttoomuch:
themachinehastobewatched,theclotheshave(4)
tobecarefullysortedout,stainsremovedbyhand,waterchanged,
clothestakenout,airedandironed.Itwouldbemoreliberaltopack
itallofftoalaundryandnotnecessarilymoreexpensive,sinceno(5)
capitalinvestmentisrequired.
Nevertheless,ifyoureallywanttosavetimeyoudonotmake(6)
cakeswithanelectricmixer,youbuyoneinashop.Ifonecompares
theimageofthewomaninthewomen'smagazinetothegoodsad-(7)
vertisedbythoseperiodicals,onerealizeshowusefulaprojected
imagecanbecommercially.
Acarefulbalancehastobestruck:
ifyoushowalabor-saving
device,followitupwithacomplexrecipeonthenextpage?
On(8)
anyaccounthintatthenotionthatawomancouldgetherselfajob,(9)
butinsteadfosterhersenseofherownusefulness,emphasizethe(10)
creativeaspectofherfunctionasahousewife.
(16)
Itseemsthateverycountry,race,andreligionobservesome
typeofholidayorfestival.Thetwomostcelebratingholidaysinthe
(1)
NorthandSouthAmerica,AustraliaandEurope,andinthemostof
(2)
ChristianworldareChristmasandEaster.
ChristianscelebratethebirthofChristonChristmas.Theex-(3)
changeofgiftsrisesfromthebirthdaytradition.Thewinterholiday(4)
seasonistimeforbrightcoloredlightstoappearinand(5)
outthehome,onChristmastrees,andonbuildingsandstorefronts.(6)
AtEaster,Christianscelebratethedeath,burial,andresurrect-
tionofChrist.Thisisalsoatimeforcelebrationwithfamily.
Anon-religiouscelebrationinNorthAmericaisThanksgiving.
Similarly,NationalDayandLaborDayHolidaysareamongthe
non-religiousholidaysinChina.Acommontraditionistheobserv-
anceoftheNewYearascelebratedaroundtheworldonJanuary
1st.Therefore,variousreligiousgroupscelebratetheNewYear(7)
onthespringorfall.Onecommonthreadthat(8)
goesthroughalltheseholidaysisthecelebrationoftheoccasion(9)
withfamily,food,newclothing,lights,andfestivity.Theyareset
apartasspecialtimestobecelebratedhappilywithfamilyand
friends.Religiousornotreligious,eachfestivalorholidayhasits
ownlegendororiginbehind.(10)
(17)
TheBigBenisveryfamousthroughouttheworld,butnobody
reallyknowsthereasonwhyitiscalledBigBen.However,there
aretwostoriesmayexplainthereason.Somepeoplesaythatitwas
(1)
namedBenjaminCaunt,aboxer,whowascalledBigBen.
(2)
MorepeoplebelievethenamecomesfromaWelshman,Sir(3)
BenjaminHall.Hecommissionedtheworkin1859.astoryarose
that,duringadebateinHouseofCommonsonwhattocallthebell,(4)
SirBenjaminwasabouttogivehisideasthatsomeonewhosatbe-(5)
hindthefrontbenchshouted,"Let'scallitBigBen!
"
Thehistoryofthebelltower,sincethebeginningofitsdesign,
isbynomeanssmooth,however.Duetodisagreementsabout
theclock'sdesign,ittakesfifteenyearstobuild.In1857,the(6)
structurewascompletedandtestedontheground,butafour-foot
crackappeared,andthebellhadtocastagain.Finally,theclock(7)
startedtickingonMay31,1859,andstrokeitsfirstchimeonJuly(8)
11.Then,inSeptember,thebellcrackedagain.Itwassilentfor
fouryearsbutwaseventuallyturnedaquarterofarevolution.Asa
result,thecrackwasnotunderthestrikinghammer.Craftsmen
madeasquareabovethecracktostopittocrackingfurtherandit(9)
canstillbeseentoday.
TheBigBenisfamousnotonlyforitsthirteen-tonweight,but
alsoforitsaccuracy,thatisaresultofitsprecisemechanism.(10)
Evenoneextrapenny'sweightonthebalancewouldcausea
gainoftwofifthsofasecondintwentyhours.Althoughtherehave
beenseveralproblems,thebellstillchimestoday.
(18)
Before1973,abortionw