英语四级阅读真题.docx

英语四级阅读真题.docx

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英语四级阅读真题

2018年12月大学英语四级阅读真题

选词填空

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel（柴油）35havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.

A）abilityB）associatedC）consciouslyD）constantE）controlF）damageG）describedH）equalsI）exclusivelyJ）innovatedK）regularlyL）relatesM）sourcesN）undermineO）vehicles

答案：

26.Fdamage（损害）27.Bassociated（与……有联系）28.Msources（来源）29.Dconstant（不断的，常存在的）30.Gdescribed（描述）31.Econtrol（控制）32.Hequals（等同于）33.Kregularly（经常地）34.Iexclusively（仅仅，唯一地）35.Ovehicles（车辆）

解析：

26.Fdamage空格所在句子的含义为：

空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的......发生在发展中国家。

根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定答案为damage，“损害”n.

27.Bassociated空格所在句子的含义为：

这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染......的福利费用，比如健康与消费。

根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，associatedwithairpollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合上下文语境。

28.Msources空格所在的句子的含义为：

室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的......。

从语法上判断这里应该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?

”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit？

”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.

[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（药物）.Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.

[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:

thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm（范式）ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”

[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.

[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.

45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesre