1mjt阅读题型专题复习考点及策略Word格式文档下载.docx
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解答这类题目是需要对有关上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
2.事实细节辨认题
首先要求理解文章的内涵,抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局这几个环节,去分析、理解或计算得出结论。
可从文章表面找到答案,只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
3.综合判断题
需要理解文章内涵,读完全文后要通过分析理解或计算才能得出结论。
4.逻辑推理题
往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。
有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音和文外之意加以推理,才能获得正确答案。
应从情节所提供的基本事实出发,寻找一定规律,如:
时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理的根据。
(一)主旨题(mainidea)
四种形式:
文首;
文中;
文尾;
没有明确主旨,需总结
解题技巧
*不管它出现在文章题目的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助
*着重理解首末段,首末句
*主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕
主旨题的注意事项:
*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句
*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨
*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨
*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:
therefore,thus,but,however,inshort等等
(二)作者观点和态度题
*作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案
*漠不关心类词语一定不对,既然写文章就不会不关心
*不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度
*当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度
*作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联
(三)猜测词义
两种方式:
超纲词义含义推断;
熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思
*根据上下文进行推理猜测
*正确选项不是熟词的常规含义
猜测词义的方法
*构词法:
根据词根,词缀判断词义
*词性加搭配:
先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测
*找同位词:
上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测
(四)推理引申题
干扰项的特点
*只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理
*看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等
*根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准
*推理过头,引申过渡
正确选项的特点
*不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项
*正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项
*注意那些似乎话中有话的的间接表达句,它们往往采用说半句,打比喻,反着说的方式,让考生
有推理的余地
*注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子.考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看透,也是命题点所在
(五)事实细节题
正确选项特点
*一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。
题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值
干扰选项的特点
*部分正确,部分错误
*是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容
*符合常识,但不是文章内容
*与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动
历届考题分析
1.记叙文(故事、人物传记)
04年
这是一篇课堂故事,该故事告诉我们一个什么道理呢?
Mr.Harristaughtsixth-gradescience.Onthefirstdayofclass,hegaveusatalkaboutananimalcalled‘birdcat’,whichdiedoutduringtheIceAge.Hepassedaroundaskull(头骨)ashetalked.Wealltooknotescarefullyandlaterwehadatest.
Whenhereturnedmypaperthenextday,therewasabigred”X”througheachofmyanswers.Ihadfailed!
Therehadtobesomemistake!
Ihadwrittendownexactly(确切的)whatMr.Harrissaid.ThenIlearnedthateveryoneintheclasshadfailed.Whathadhappened?
‘Verysimple,’Mr.Harrissaid.Hehadmadeupallthat‘birdcat’‘Therehadneverbeenanysuchanimal.Theinformationinournoteswasthereforeincorrect.Didyouthinkyouwouldgetgoodmarksforincorrectanswers?
’
Needlesstosay,wefeltthatwasunfair(不公平的).Whatkindofatestwasthis?
Andwhatkindofateacher?
‘Weshouldhavefigureditout.’Mr.Harrissaid.Afterall,attheverymomenthewaspassingaroundthe‘birdcat’skull,intruthacat’s,hadn’thebeentellingusnootherfindingsaboutthisanimalexcepttheskull?
Hehadtoldusmanyunbelievablethingsabouttheanimal,suchasthesize,thecolor,thestrength…butnoneofushadquestioned.
MrHarrissaidhehopedwewouldlearnsomethingfromthislesson.Teachersandtextbooksarenotalwayscorrect.Infactnooneis.Hetoldusnottoletourmindsgotosleepandtospeakupifweeverthoughtheorthetextbookwaswrong.
UptonowIhaven’tmadeanygreatscientificdiscoveries,butMr.Harris’sclassgavemeandmyclassmatessomethingjustasimportant:
Tolookpeopleintheeyeandtellthemtheyarewrong.
(1)Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
(主旨意思)
A.AnunforgettableTest.
B.AstrangeAnimalCalled‘Birdcat’
C.AnUnfairTest
D.IncorrectInformation
(2).‘Figureitout’shouldmean‘__________’(猜测词义)
A.thinkandfinditoutB.answerit
C.drawitoutD.learnandturnitout
(3)Ifailedinthesciencetestbecause_________(事实细节题)
A.Ididn’tanswerallthequestions
B.Ididn’tanswerthepaperaccordingtowhatMrHarrissaid.
C.theinformationinmyanswerswaswrong.
D.MrHarrismadesomemistake.
(4)Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat__________(推理引申题)
A.MrHarriswastheonlypersonwhofoundtheanimal‘birdcat’
B.MrHarrisusedacat’sskullinsteadofabirdcat’sbecausetheywerethesame.
C.Weshouldbebravetospeakoutagainstwhatwedon’tbelieve.
D.Teachersandtextbooksareusuallyincorrect.
ANSWERS:
(1)A
(2)A(3)C(4)C
05年
请大家看一看Mary和Peter,还有他们的朋友们有一次怎样的奇遇呢?
MaryandPeterwerehavingapicnicwithsomefriendsnearariverwhenMaryshouted,“Look!
That‘saspaceshipupthereandit’sgoingtolandhere.”
Frightenedbythestrangespaceship,alltheyoungpeoplegotintotheircarsanddroveawayasquicklyaspossibleexceptPeterandMary.Theyweremorecurious(好奇的)thanfrightened.Theywatchedthespaceshiplandandsawadooropen,butnobodycameout,sotheywenttolookintoit.Inthecentreofthefloor,therewasalotoffood.PeterfollowedMaryintothespaceshipanddidnothearthedoorclosebehindhim.Thetemperaturefellinnotimeandverysoonthetwoyoungpeopledidn’tknowanything.
Whentheycameto,theyweresurprisedtoseethattheywerebackbytheriveragain.Thespaceshiphadgone.Theircatwasnearby.
“Whathappened?
”askedMary.
Peterscratchedhishead,sayingslowly,‘Don’taskme.PerhapswehadaproblemComeon.It’stimetogohome.’
Afterdrivingaboutfiftymeters,theyfound,theyfoundathickwallmadeofsomethinglikeglassstoodintheirway.Ontheothersideofthewall,afewstrangealienswerelookingthroughthewallandreadinganoticewhich,translatedintoEnglish.Said:
‘Newcomersatthezoo:
apairofearthvillagersintheirfieldwiththeirhouseonwheels.’
(1)Whichofthefollowingistrue?
(事实细节题)
A.ItwasPeterwhosawthespaceshipfirst.
B.Thespaceshiplandedontheriver.
C.Alltheyoungpeoplewentforthepicnicbycar.
D.WhenPeterwentintothespaceship,Maryfollowedhim.
(2)whathappenedafterMaryandPeterenteredthespaceship?
(推理引申题)
A.Theywereaskedtoeatmuchfood
B.Thetemperaturewentup
C.Someonetheycouldn’tseeknockedthemdown.
D.Thespaceshipflewawaywiththemandpartofthefield.
(3)Whatcanwelearnfromtheendofthestory?
A.PeterandMarybecamevillagers.B.PeterandMarywereinanotherplanet.
C.PeterandMarywentbackhome.D.PeterandMaryvisitedthezoo.
(4)Theunderlinedpart‘houseonwheels’means‘______’inthisstory.(猜测词义)
A.carB.spaceC.wallD.zoo
(1)C
(2)C(3)B(4)A
06年
人们都喜欢和诚实的人交往共事。
也许你无法让所有的人都喜欢你,但是至少可以让大多数人都信赖你。
诚实的人日久天长会逐渐形成宽容博大...那些讨厌正直诚实的人,机会同样也讨厌他们。
Itwasagreatdayforapicnicandapicnicwasagreatdaytostartthesummerholiday.FredbroughthisclassmatesJohnandBettytoawonderfulpicnicplace.
Afterlunch,Johnsaidtheyshouldplayfootball.WhentheballcametoFred,helockeditintosomelonggrass.“I'
llgetit.”hesaidandhurriedofftofindtheball.MomentslatertherewasashoutandoutcameFredholdinghisleg,“I'
vebittenbyasnake!
”
Astheothersrushedovertohelp.Fredbeganlaughing.“Ha!
I'
mnotreallyhurt.”ButBettydidn'
tlaugh,“Ican'
tbelieveyoudidthat,Fred.Iwasreallyfrightenedforyou.”
Thefriendsthendecidedtogoforaswim.JohnandBettyjumpedintothewater.Fredwasstandingonalongrockbytheriverbankandsaid,“Watchmejump.”Theyshoutedexcitedlyashewentunderthewater,butasthesecondspassedhedidn'
tcomebacktothetop.Thefriendsbecameworried.SuddenlytheyheardFred'
slaugh,“Won'
tyoueverlearn?
IswambehindthistreewhenIjumped.”
“Veryfunny,Fred?
”saidJohnangrily.“Anyway,I'
mfeelingtiredandI'
mgoingforasleep.”Bettyjoinedhim.
Fred,however,movedtoanarrowpartoftheriverandjumpedin.Althoughhewasagoodswimmer,thewatertherewasmovingmuchfasterandFredfoundhimselfdraggedaway.Hemanagedtocatchholdofatree,buthewasverytirednowandwiththewaterstillmovingveryfast,couldn'
tpullhimselfout.
Backatthepicnicplace,asBettyandJohnwerepreparingtosleep,theyheardFred'
scriesforhelp,JohnlookedatBettyandsaid,“Doeshereallythinkwe'
resofoolish?
Wakemeupinanhour.It'
llbetimetogobackhomethen.”
(1).WhathappenedwhenFredwenttogetthefootball?
(事实细节题)
A.Hewasbittenbyasnake.
B.Hefellandcuthimself.
C.Hecalledfortheotherstohelphim.
D.Heletoutafrighteningshout.
(2).Attheendofthestory,whydidn'
tJohnandBettygotohelpFred?
A.Theydidn'
tbelievethatFredwasreallyintrouble.
B.TheythoughtFredwasagoodswimmer.
C.Theycouldn'
thearhiscriesforhelp.
D.Theyweretootiredandneededtorest.
(3).Theunderlinedword“dragged”means“_______”.(猜测词义)
A.pulled
B.held
C.guided
D.gave
(4).Whatcanyoulearnfromthisstory?
A.Itisimportantforapersontotellthetruth.
B.Youshouldknowhowtoswimiftoywanttoplayintheriver.
C.Youmustwatchoutforsnakesinthecountryside.
D.Picnicscanoftenbedangerousforchildren.
(1)D
(2)A(3)A(4)A
2.说明文(史地知识、科普知识)
HowmuchdoyouknowaboutA.l.(ArtificialIntelligence)?
Artificialmeans‘man-made’andintelligencemeanstheabilitytolearnunderstandandthinkaboutthingsA.l.isaboutmakingmachinesthinktalkdoandseeA.l.isusedinmanyfieldsfromplayinggamestohelpingdoctorsmanymachinesaroundusworkverywellbecausetheyworkwiththehelpofA.l.
Manhasalwaysdreamedofbuildingthinkingmachines.In1770WolfgandKempelen