TOEFL 经典背诵文档格式.docx

TOEFL 经典背诵文档格式.docx

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Aman’sdogstandsbyhiminprosperityandinpoverty,inhealthandinsickness.Hewillsleeponthecoldgroundwhenthewintrywindsblowandthesnowdrivesfiercely,ifonlyhecanbenearhismaster’sside.Hewillkissthehandthathasnofoodtooffer.Hewilllickthesoresandwoundsthatcomeintheencounterwiththeroughnessoftheworld.Heguardsthesleepofhispaupermasterasifhewereaprince.

Whenallotherfriendsdeserts,heremains.Whenrichestakewingsandreputationfallstopieces,heisasconstantinhisloveasthesuninitsjourneythroughtheheavens.Iffortunedrivesthemasterforth,anoutcastintheworld,friendlessandhomeless,thefaithfuldogasksnohigherprivilegethanthatofaccompanyinghimtoguardhimagainstdanger,tofightagainsthisenemies.

Andwhenthelastofallcomesandthedeathtakesitsmasterinitsembraceandthebodyislaidawayinthecoldground,nomatterifallotherfriendspursuetheirway,there,byhisgravesidewillthenobledogbefound,hisheadbetweenhispaws,hiseyessadbutkeepalertwatchfulnessfaithfulandtrueeventodeath.

ThedisadvantagesoftheInternet

YoumaywellaskhowanyonecouldpossiblythinkofgivingalectureaboutthedisadvantagesoftheInternet.Allafter,hasn’tthiswonderfulinventionbroughtsuchconveniencesason-lineshopping,e-mailcommunicationandanaccesstoinformationfromallovertheworld?

Ok,sotheconvenienceisgreat,butwhataboutthedownside.Beforeyoutellmeit’sworthyit,listentoalonglistofcrimes,inconveniencesanddastardlydeedswhichwehavetoputupwithifwewanttohaveanaccesstothewonderfulworldoftheweb.Let’sstartwithidentitytheft,somethingmostofushadneverheardofbeforethenetcameintoourlives.Now,everyone,notjustthewealthy,hastobecarethatwedon’tletsomecrookgetholdofourpinnumberorcreditcardinformation.Andwhat’saboutallthosethingsthatyouuseyoucreditcardforon-line:

shopping,tradingstock,bookingflightsandaccommodations,orgettingticketstoashoworagame,alloftheseexpensivepurchasesinvolvewithaconsiderableamountoffaiththatthetransactionwentthroughproperly,tosaynothingoftherisk.WouldyoubethatcarelessatanATMmachineorinastore?

Wouldyougiveoutyourinformationsofreelyifsomeonethere?

Notjustawindowofblankstofillinyourcomputer.Idon’tthinkyouwould.

Whatabouttheothercrimescommittedonthenet,thescamsthroughe-mail,thepornographyofeverykind,andgamblingonthesitessettingupontheCayman-island.Theverynatureoftheinternetmakesitdifficulttocontrol,catchandpunishthesleazypeoplewhoprofitthroughthesewebsites.Andthatlackofcontrolextendstothecopyrightlaws.Soyouwouldliketodownloadmusicandprintoutarticlesfromthenet.Butwhataboutthethoughtforthepeoplewhocreatethestuffandgetthestiffedfortheroyaltiestheyshouldbeabletomakefromtheirhardwork.No,theinternetisnotallfunandgames.Infact,Ithinkweshouldstoptheexpansionuntilwefigureouthowtoremedysomeoftheseproblems.Theremustbesomesolutions,andwejusthaven’tspentenoughtimeandenergyworkingthemout.

Dictation:

Poverty

What’stheworld’sgreatestchallenge?

I’dliketosuggestthatisridingthedevelopingcountriesofpoverty.Granted,itisconsiderablechallenge,butthetruthisthereareknownreliable,suitabletechnologiesavailabletoachievethisgoalatrelativelylowcost.Theneedsofextremepoorarecomparativelysimpleandinexpensive.Cleanwater,safeshelter,adequatenutrition,healthcareandeducation.

Let’slookattherealityforthehalfworld’spopulation.Theyliveingeographicallyisolatedregionsoftheworld,farawayfromindustrialeconomy,healthcareandoftenfarfromthegovernmentconcern.Forthemostpart,theyfarmtinyplotsoflandthatoftentoosmalltosupporttheirfamilies,thattheytoooverworkedtoofferadequateyieldandtheyarefrequentlysubjecttodrought.Thetypicalfarmeristhegrandmothersupportingtheorphanedgrandchildrenwhomustcarrywaterfromadistantstandpipeorstreambeforegoingtoanovercrowdschool.Herlimitedfundsdon’tcoverthecostoffertilizeroranti-malarialnet,shoesorwarmclothes.Thelackofpropersanitation,inoculationandotherdiseasespreventionandadequatenutritionhavemeantthatthewholegenerationyoungpeoplegrowuptooweaktofarmsuccessivelyortoachievesignificantlyeconomicalprogress.

Whatwouldbelikefortheextremelypooriftheyweretogainthemeanstoreacheventhelevelofmoderatepoverty?

Foramereonedollarortwodollarsperday,villagersinAfricancouldofferbetterfood,waterandshelter.Foralittlemoremoney,theycanhaveadequatesanitation,elementaryeducationandaccesstotransportation,themaindifferenceisinthemortalityrate.Morechildrensurvive,growupstrongenoughtoworkandlearn.

Aresuperheromoviearegoodtochildren?

Themovie-goingpublichasbeensubjectedtoonesuperheromovieafteranotherinrecentyears.Judgingbythesuccessofsuchfilmstherewillbemanymoretocome.Let’sfaceit,thefamiliarsightofcaped-Crusadersconqueringevilisrelativelysafebetoftheboxoffice.Thetruthiswhatonceonlyaimedatchildrenhasbecomeentertainmentforadults.Forevenmoreprofit,HollywoodcanofferasenseoftriumphtoagenerationwatchingnewsofdeathanddestructioninIraq.Butwhatcomestoissuperheromoviesareanintegralpartofentertainmentofferedtochildren.WhatIquestioniswhethertheseexamplesofproblem-solvingusingsuperhumanviolencearesortofmessagesweasasocietywanttogiveouryoungpeople.

Therearethosewhomightarguethatsuperheromoviesfilledwithactionsforthekidsandinsidejokesfortheparentsprovideavehiclebywhichchildrenandparentscanbond.Infact,watchingthesesuperheromovieschildrencandreamaboutbeingmorepowerfulthantheirparents.Dowewantthatattitudeinourchildren?

Idon’tthinkso.Furthermore,thesemoviesgivechildrentheideathattherewillbesomebigpowerfulbeingswhowillfightoffevilforthem.What’smore,theygettheideathatifonlytheycouldfightbackwithsuperhumanstrength,theycouldsolvetheirproblemsandtheybecomedisappointedwhentheyrealizethatit’snotevenremotelyrealistic.

Adults,ontheotherhand,aregivingasubstitutefordealingwiththeanxietyandthedistresswhichcomesfrombeinginacountryatwar.Inthefilms,realisticissuesandviolenceareavoidedandreplacedbyglobalthreatsconqueredbysuperheroeswithoutsignificantrepercussion.

Theseformsofentertainmentnumbadults’sensestorealconflicts,andportrayadangerousmessagetochildrenandadultsalike:

violencesolvesproblems.

Brainydifferences

Soyouwillallagreewithme?

Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmanandwoman.Doyouthinkthesedifferenceshavemoretodowithhowwearesocializeddifferentlyfrombirth?

Imean,let’sfaceit-wewereallexpectedtobehaveandthinkinacertainwayaschildren.Thetruthisthosestereotypesarestartingtodisappearsomewhat.Aren’tthey?

Girlsplayicehockeyandboyslearntocook.Butevenonetheoldfashionedstereotypingiseliminated;

wewillstillfinddifferencesbetweenmanandwomenthatstemfromthedifferencesinthebrain.

Oneofthescientistsinthefieldactuallythinkweshouldgobacktoeducategirlsandboysseparatelysothatthedifferenceswon’tlimitthem.Letmeexplainwhereheiscomingfrom.Mostoftheresearchinthefieldhasshowedthatgirls’brainsmatureataverydifferentratefromboys’brains.Andtheygetmaturityindifferentareasatdifferenttimesintheirdevelopment.Forexample,becausegirlsgetverbalmaturityearlier,theylikereadingsooner.Boystendtohaveabetterhandleonthemechanicalreasoningearlierandsolikescienceatanearlierage.Byagetwelve,thereisaverydistinctdifferenceinaptitudeanddevelopmentbetweenboysandgirls.Sotheoldsystemofsendingthemofftoseparateboardingschoolsactuallyhassomemerits.

Butthereasonwhyfewergirlsgrowuptobeengineersandcomputertechniciansisn’tbecausetheyaren’tcapableofdoingthiskindofwork.Itisbecausetheyweretaughtthefundamentalsatanagewhentheywerenotdevelopmentallyreadyforthem.Thegendergapcanbesaidlessamatteroftalentandmoretodowithmotivation.Thisisalsotruewhenwelookatwhatiscurrentlyhappeninginschools.Girlsaredoingbetterthaneverinmathinruralschools,probablybecausetheydon’twanttoendupcookingmealsforthefarmhands.Theyseetheirskillsasameansofescapetothefreedomsofurbanliving.Actually,thisisbornoutbythefactthatinmanycountries60%ofuniversitystudentsarenowwomen.

Motivationisapowerfulthing,really?

Don’tyouagree?

T