英汉翻译基本教学教程理解练习答案解析总主编冯庆华.docx
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英汉翻译基本教学教程理解练习答案解析总主编冯庆华
汉英翻译基础教程
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一节翻译中的选义
一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文
1.b2.a3.b4.a
二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配
1.aswarmofbees
abroodofchickens
alitterofpups
2.abevyofbeautifulladies
apackofhounds
ateamofducks
aherdofantelopes
3.unfailingsupport
proactivefiscalpolicy
makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources
4.makeaphonecall
takeataxi
knitawoolensweater
fetchwater
playbasketball
sprayinsecticide
5.basicwage
capitalconstruction
essentialcommodity
primaryindustry
fundamentalinterest
三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解
1.Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern
2.Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.
3.Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.
4.Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.
5.Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.
6.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.
7.Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.
8.Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.
9.Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.
10.Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow
第二节翻译中的选词
一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
1.Thatdependsuponcircumstances.
2.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.
3.Howdomattersstandwiththem?
4.Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary
5.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.
6.Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.
7.Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.
8.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrict³ömand.
二、翻译下列词组,注意词汇的搭配方式。
1.setsail
2.openquotation
3.thebeginningofspring
4.gointooperation
5.betakenin
6.makeprogress
7.distinguishedguests
8.beonduty
三、翻译下列各句,注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。
1.Itrainedcatsanddogs(hard/heavily)threedaysonend(insuccession/running).
2.Helikestalkingbig(talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall)/helikessayingbigwords(largewords).
3.Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood(general/spring/through)clean(ing).
4.Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.
5.Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.
6.Ifyoudoitlikethat,you'llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken(beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror).
第三节翻译中的多样性
一、翻译下列句子,注意画线词的多样性译法。
1."Itsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,”SecondSisterchuckled,"Howwould
itbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?
"
2.Throughclenchedteethheadded,...
3."Sheboremenogrudge,"repliedXifeng."ItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwith
ragejustbeforeshedied."
4.ButafterherinitialfrightXifengputonaboldface."Ifshe'sdead,"sheretorted,"What's
allthefussabout?
"
二、翻译下列句子,注意画线部分的成语。
1.Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.
2.It’sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.
3.Goodnessknowswhatthey'rebeingsosecretiveabout.
4.She'sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknows
whatshe'supto.
5.Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?
6.Anythingwilldo;don'tfuss.
7.Ourgrandmaisill;don'tkickupsuchashindy.(口语:
吵架。
争吵,打架)
8.Whenothersheardthistheycommented,“Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomatteredisn'tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”
第二章词法翻译的一般技巧
第一节对等译法
一、翻译下面的句子,注意搭配产生的“假朋友”
1.afaithfulChristian2.alovingparent
3.anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife
5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent
7.strongwind8.thickfog
9heavyrain
二、翻译下列句子,注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。
1.Onlywhentheyfindmuchncommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheircards.(注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative)
2.Anotherexample.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nevertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasover30thatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.
3.Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:
Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.
三、用对等译法,翻译下列成语。
1.fishintroubledwaters
2.beafterone'sownheart
3.skinandbones
4.touchandgo
5.hitthenailonthehead
6.beheadandshouldersaboveothers
7.turnadeafearto
8.burnone'sboat
9.turnablindeyeto
10.lookforaneedleinabundleofhay
四、用对等译法,翻译下列谚语。
1.Practicemakesperfect.
2.Morehaste,lessspeed.
3.Eastorwest,homeisbest.
4.Allisfishthatcomestothenet.
5.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits
6.Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines
7.Lookbeforeyouleap.
8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.
第二节增词译法
一、翻译下列句子,注意增补冠词
1.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.
2.Thisistheheadofourdelegation
3.Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.
4.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave.
5.Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.
6.ThecompasswasinventedinChina
7.Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.
二、翻译下列句子,注意增补代词。
1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.
2.Ican'texpressmyselfinEnglish.
3.Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.
4.Don'toverworkyourself.
5.Iwishtoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetoyou.
三、翻译下列句子,注意增补动词。
1.Theyareinhighspirits.
2.Theybeamedwithjoy.
3.Heisquickofeyeanddeftofhand.
4.Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand
5.Istoodalooffromhim.
四、翻译下列句子,注意增补介词。
l.Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.
2.Sheinquiredaboutyourillness.
3.Themountainisl,000feetabovethesealevel.
4.Shutthedoorafter/whenyougoout.
5.Dinnerwasatoneo'clock.
6.Werejoiceateveryvictoryyouwin.
五、翻译下列句子,注意增补连词。
1.Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeople'shealth
2.Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.
3.Weworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.
4.Weshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.
5.IshallstayhereuntilI'vecompletedmystudies.
六、翻译下列句子或短语,从文化角度增补词语。
1.YoumighthavethegeniusofLiBaiorDuFu,whowasagreatpoetintheTangDynastyandthemoralworthofYanHuiorZengShen—bothofthemweredisciplesofConfuciusnoonewouldaskyouradvice.
2.toshowoffone'sproficiencywiththeaxbeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter
3.Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpedthepoor.
4.letahundredflowersbloom,permittheairingofconflictingviews
5.blackchildren,whoareborninviolationofChina'sone-childpolicy
第三节减词译法
一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的范畴词。
1.Reformandopening-upreversedthestagnationofnationaleconomy
2.Hisrudenessshockedme.
3.Hehasundertaken/takenupthetranslationofLuXun'sworks.
4.Theexportisnotpermittedtoexceeditslimit.
5.ThediscussioncoversSino-USrelations.
6.Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.
7.Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.
8.Nowbirthcontrolbecameapossibility.
9.Chinaiscarryingoutnationwidepollutioncontrolandenvironmentalprotection.
10.Duringthetalk,theirdiscussioncenteredaroundtheprotectionofintellectualpropertiesrights.
11.promotepeacefulreunification
12.Ourimport-exportinthefirsthalfofthisyearhasgoneverywell.
二、翻译下列句子,注意省略原文的重复成分。
1.ThetwosidesheldthatSino-USrelationsshouldbeviewedinaglobalcontextandfroma
perspectiveofthefutureandthe21stcenturyinparticular.
2.Whenproblemsemerge,theycanbeeasilyputright.
3.distance/length/size/height
4.Increasetheawarenessaboutself-reliance,competition,efficiency,anddemocracyandthe
ruleoflaw,aswellasthepioneeringandinnovationspirit.
5.Silence!
Silence!
Unlessweburstout,weshallperishinthissilence.
6.Productiveforcesarethemostdynamicandthemostrevolutionaryfactorsaswellasthe
ultimatedecisiveforceofsocialdevelopment.
7.OurpartymustalwaysrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina'sadvancedproductive
forces;theorientationofChina'sadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsofthe
overwhelmingmajorityofpeopleinChina.
三、翻译下列句子,注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。
1.Iwenttheretohavealook.AllIremembernowisthattheguardsattheentrancewereSwiss
soldiersinyellowuniforms.
2.Weneedtoimportadvancedindustrialequipment.
3.Pastexperiencesteachus….
4.Thatisafacade.
5.Wemustadheretotheprincipleofplainlivingandhardstruggle.
6.Wemustcarryforwardandpromotethespiritofpracticality,truth-seekingandcouragein
innovation.
7.Thisshatteredhisillusion.
8.WedemandthatUSgovernmentapologizetoChinaforthisincident.
9.EncouragebothChineseandoverseasinvestmentsinthecentralandwesternregions.
第四节合并译法
一、运用合并译法,翻译下列四字成语或词组。
1.finewords
2.glibtongue
3.exhausted
4.stumbling
5.moveforces
6.burnone'sboat
二.合并译法,翻译下列句子。
1.Wemusthavethisambition.
2.Igotintomyoldragsandmysugar-hogsheadagain,andwasfreeandsatisfied.
3.Eachofthefiveperformancesenjoyedafullhouse,withmanyspectatorshavingtostand.
4.Heisdeterminedtoturnoveranewleaf.
5.Heworkedhardathisstudieseveninearlychildhood.
6.TheChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsareofthesamefleshandblood.
7.Allthestaffuniteinabsolutesincerity.
8.Beforeyoucame,Ididnothingbutidleanddriftintoanythingthatoffereditself.
9.Hesoughtthedistractionofdistance.
第五节转性译法
一、翻译下列句子,注意汉语形容词和剐词的转译。
1.Thereisnodifferenceintheirviews.
2.Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthiscomplicatedproblem.
3.Thedelegatesunanimouslyexpressedtheirdeterminationtoopposethenuclearweapons
4.Hisnewbookisagreatsuccess.
5.Helookedatmeinamazement.
6.Thesunshinesovertheearth.