最新高一定语从句导学案.docx
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最新高一定语从句导学案
高一定语从句（theAttributiveClause）导学案
【学习目标】：
1、掌握定语从句的定义。
2、掌握关系代词that,who,which,whom和whose的用法。
3、掌握关系副词when，where，why的用法。
4、掌握介词+which的用法
5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。
【学习方法】：
1、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。
2、背诵典型句子
3、多做练习进行运用和分析
【语法知识点】
1.定语从句----在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句
2.先行词----被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
3.关系词----在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词.
4.关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：
连接---连接定语从句和主句
替代---替代前面的先行词
成分---在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）
例1.Ahugecrack（thatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide）
（先行词）（关系词）（定语从句）
cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
【学习过程】
Part1.关系词的使用
1、完成表格
关系代词
先行词
（指人或物）
在从句中充当什么成分
例句分析
that
指人/物
作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）
Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
Idon’tknowabouttheman（that）youmentioned.
who
指人
作主语
Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.
whom
指人
作宾语（可以省略）
Theman（whom）youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.
Theboy（whom）youarelookingforishiddenbehindthetree.
which
指物
作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）
Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.
Thepen（which）myunclegavemeismissing.
whose
指人/物
作定语
Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.
=…...thehomesofwhomhadbeendestroyed.
=……ofwhomthehomeshadbeendestroyed
【注】whose+n=the+n.+ofwhich/whom
或ofwhich/whom+the+n.
as
正如…..
指人/物
作主语、宾语（不可省略）
Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
Asweallhadexpected,Liuxiangwonthegoldmedalinthecompetition.
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当什么成分
例句分析
when
=介词+which
时间
时间状语
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoTaishanNo.1HighSchool.
where=介词+which
地点
地点状语
Thisisthevillagewhere/inwhichIeverlived.
why=for+which
原因
原因状语
Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisabsent?
【注】定语从句的关系副词when\where\why=介词+which,但反之并不一定。
如：
EnglishisthesubjectinwhichI’minterested.
2.做题方法：
（1）找先行词
（2）还原----把先行词放入定语从句
（3）确定关系词
【练习1】用关系代词that,who,whom,which或whose填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。
1.Theeggs_________Iboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.（作______________）
2.Heprefersthegoose________comesfromhisparents’farm.（作______________）
3.Thenoodles________youcookedweredelicious.（作______________）
4.Hesawahouse________windowswereallbroken.（作______________）
5.Theman________livesnexttoussellsvegetables.（作______________）
6.Idon’tlikethepeople________smokealot.（作______________）
7.Ipreferdumplings___________havejustbeencooked.（作______________）
8.Don’tdrinkwater___________hasnotbeenboiled.（作______________）
9.Theman________youmetjustnowismyteacher.（作______________）
10.Planeisamachine________canfly.（作______________）
观察下面两组句子
1.A.Thisisthehouse_____Ioncelivedin.
先行词指，关系词在句中作语，应填。
B.Thisisthehouse_____Ioncelived.
先行词指，关系词在句中作语，你知道应填什么关系词吗？
2.A.Hewasborninaday________wasveryhot.
先行词指，关系词在句中作语，应填。
B.Hewasborninaday________itwasveryhot.
先行词指，关系词在句中作语。
【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。
如：
WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.（还原：
Iwouldbestayinginthehouse）
【练习2】用关系副词when,where,why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。
1.Iremembertheday_______Ifirstcometotheschool.
2.Beijingistheplace_______Iwasborn.
3.Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.
4.Isthisthereason_________herefusedtohelpyou?
5.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ispentwithyouinthecity.
6.Wealldidn’tbelievethereason_________hesaidjustnow.
【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situation，point,position,condition,case,scene,spot,stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词where[occasion---场合（where）;---时机;机会（when）]。
如：
Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.
OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.（2008山东）
Ihaveneverbeentosuchanoccasionwherepeoplealldressformally.
[Ex.]He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.which.C.whileD.why
3、that和which
关系代词只用that的情况：
①先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。
②先行词是all,any,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时
③当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用that
④先行词既包括人又包括物时。
⑤先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。
⑴.Thisisthehighestbuilding_______I’veeverseen.
⑵.Ireallydidn’tknowanything_______happenedtoJimyesterday.
⑶.—Whoistheman_______isstandingoverthere?
—Oh,heismymathteacher.
⑷.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons______theysawthereafewdaysago.
关系代词只用which的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句;②关系词前有介词;③先行词本身是that。
⑴.Thetree,isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
⑵.Wedependonthelandfromwegetourfood.
⑶.Thatyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.
who和that
在什么情况下只用who不用that？
1all/those作先行词且指人；
2在therebe结构中，先行词指人；
③先行词是指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none。
⑴.Those___wanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.
⑵.Thereisastrangerwantstoseeyou.
⑶.Onedoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.
4、先行词是way的定语从句
1）Theway__________________yousolvedtheproblemisnotthebestone.
2）Thisistheway________________hetoldmetosolvetheproblem.
【指点迷津】当先行词是theway且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：
inwhich/that/省略
Part2.介词+which/whom
1.分析下列例句:
（1）Themanwhomheistalkingtoismyfather.
Themantowhomheistalkingismyfather.
（2）ThisisthepenwhichIwrotetheletterwith.
ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.
【指点迷津】
（1）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物,用介词+which;如先行词是人,用介词+whom
（2）当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which/whom”
（3）在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。
如:
lookafter,takecareof,lookfor等。
判断正误：
①ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.（）
②ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.（）
2.如何确定定语从句中的介词？
先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中
1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Thisisthebook_____whichyouasked
2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.
3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.
【练习】用恰当的介词+which/whom填空
1.Thisistherock___________theboyfelldownintothesea.
2.Thefilmstar___________wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.
3.TheWestLake_________Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.
4.Thereason_________hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradewastoolow.
5.Theprofessor__________Mr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.
6.Couldyoutellmetheday________youarrived?
Part3定语从句中的动词的数
1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______（have）gotthischance.
2.Heisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______（have）gottheteacher’spraise
3.Thosewho________（want）togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:
30p.m.
4.Anyonewho_______（want）togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:
30p.m.
【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词
Part4课后巩固练习
一．选择最佳选项。
1.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.where B.that C.inwhich D.inthat
2.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whose B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich
3.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learn B.who learn C.thatlearnsD.who
4.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainst B.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
5.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?
A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout
6.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.where C.onwhich D.inthat
7.Doyoustillrememberthehappydays_________weswamintheriverinourvillage?
A.which B.when C.thatD.where
8.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
A.which B.when C.onwhichD.aboutwhich
9.Thehotel__________westayedduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.
A.what B.whichC.whereD.that
10.Isthatthereason__________youareinfavouroftheproposal?
A.which B.what C.why D.forthat
11.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.
A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich
12.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.
A.what B.that C.all D.which
13.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.
A.them B.that C.whichD.those
14.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.
A.which B.who C.that D./
15.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______thisyear.
A.thathavebeenshownB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownD.thathasshown
16.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclass_____acceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents’Union.
A.whowasB.whowereC.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen
17.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
18.RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice
19.Anyone_____withwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.
A.thatagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.thatagree
20.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_______atlast.
A.cameB.comeC.coming
二．用关系词填空。
1.The
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