3GMSASEAN全解.docx

3GMSASEAN全解.docx

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3GMSASEAN全解

Unit3GMS&ASEAN

TextA

ADB’sGMSPROGRAM

BackgroundInformation

1.TheGreaterMekongSub-region

TheGreaterMekongSub-region（GMS）ismadeupofCambodia,People’sRepublicofChina（PRC,specificallyYunnanProvinceandGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion）,LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic（LaoPDR）,Myanmar,Thailand,andVietNam.TheGMSisanaturaleconomicareaboundtogetherbytheMekongRiver.TheGMScovers2.6millionsquarekilometersandhasacombinedpopulationofaround326million.

2.Origin

In1992,withassistancefromtheAsianDevelopmentBank（ADB）,thesixcountriesoftheGMSlaunchedaprogramofsub-regionaleconomiccooperationtoenhancetheireconomicrelations,buildingontheirsharedhistoriesandcultures.TheGMSProgram,withsupportfromADBandotheragencies,helpsimplementhigh-prioritysub-regionalprojectsinninesectors（seeProgramsectors）.

3.ThreeCs—Connectivity,Competitiveness,andCommunity

TheGMSProgramhasadoptedathree-prongedstrategy—the3Cs—toreachitsvisionofaprosperous,integrated,andharmonioussub-region.Thismeans:

（1）Increasingconnectivityinthesub-regionthroughsustainabledevelopmentofinfrastructureandtransnationaleconomiccorridors;

（2）Improvingcompetitivenessthroughefficientcross-bordermovementofpeopleandgoods,andintegratedmarketsandproductionprocesses,therebyeasingthesub-region’sintegrationintotheglobaleconomy;and（3）Buildingagreatersenseofcommunitythroughprogramsthataddresssharedsocialandenvironmentalconcerns.

4.DevelopmentofEconomicCorridors

The“economiccorridor”approachrecognizesthatdevelopmententailsinfrastructureintegratedwithothereconomicopportunities.Theseincludetradeandinvestment,andeffortstoaddresssocialandotherimpactsarisingfromincreasedconnectivity.TheGMScountrieshaveformedan

EconomicCorridorsForumtobolstereffortsintransformingGMStransportcorridorsintoeconomiccorridors.Itisdesignedtoenhancecollaborationamongareasalongthecorridorsand

amongGMSsectorworkinggroups,andwillactasasinglebodyfocusingoneconomiccorridordevelopment.Thiswillhelpimproveinteractionbetweenthepublicandprivatesectors,andbetweencentralandlocalgovernments.

5.ADB’sRole

ADBplaysamultifacetedroleintheGMSProgram:

（1）Asfinancier,providingfinancingandassistancetotheGMScountries;

（2）AstechnicalandadvisorysupportformanyactivitiesundertheGMSProgram;（3）AssecretariatandcoordinatoroftheGMSProgram;（4）Ashonestbroker,supportingsub-regionaldialogueatthepoliticalandoperationallevels,andamongstakeholdersoftheGMSProgram;and（5）Ascatalyst,bybringingtogetherthedifferentparticipantsintheGMSProgram,andhelpingthemreachconsensusonkeyissues.

6.CambodiaintheGMS

CambodiahasbeenanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramsincetheProgram’sinceptionin1992.The11thMinisterialConferencewasheldinPhnomPenhinSeptember2002.TheFirstGMSSummitofLeaderswasheldinPhnomPenhinNovember2002.GivenitscentrallocationintheLowerMekongBasin,

CambodiaisviewedasakeyplayerindeepeningeconomiccooperationamongtheparticipatingcountriesintheGMSProgram.

7.thePeople’sRepublicofChinaintheGMS

ThePeople’sRepublicofChina（PRC）isanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramthroughtheimplementationofprioritysub-regionalprojectsinYunnanProvinceandGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion（Guangxi）aswellas

participationinregionwideinitiatives.ThePRChasbeenastrongproponentofthebasicprinciplesofsub-regionalcooperationundertheGMSProgram,whichwerereaffirmedbyGMSLeadersattheirSecondSummitheldinKunming,PRCinJuly2005,andmorerecentlyattheThirdGMSSummitheldinVientiane,LaoPDRinMarch2008.

8.LaoPDRintheGMS

TheLaoPDRissituatedatthe“heart”oftheGMS,beingtheonlycountrywithborderswithalltheotherFiveGMScountries（Cambodia,PRC,Myanmar,Thailand,andVietNam）.LaoPDRviewseconomiccooperationasanimportantmeansforsupportingsustainableeconomicgrowth.

9.MyanmarinGMS

MyanmaristhesecondlargestcountryinSoutheastAsia,borderingfivenations,andisendowedwithrichnaturalresources—arableland,forestry,minerals（includinggasandoil）,andfreshwaterandmarineresources.

Economicgrowthedgedupoverthepast2years,accompaniedbyrelativelymodestinflation.Theeconomyisexpectedtogrowmoderatelyovertheforecastperiod,supportedbyforeigninvestmentinconstructionandhigherlevelsofcredittoagriculture.ThegovernmentthattookofficeinMarch2011facesanextensiveagendaofreformsifthecountryistoreachitspotential.

10.ThailandintheGMS

ThailandhasbeenanactiveparticipantintheGMSProgramsincetheProgram’sinceptionin1992.ThailandhasbeenparticipatinginADB-financedregionaltechnicalassistance（RETA）projectsundertheGMSProgram.ThailandhasalsobeenamajorprovideroffinancialandtechnicalassistancetoneighboringGMS

countriesfortheimplementationofprioritysub-regionalprojects.

11.VietNamintheGMS

TheSocioeconomicDevelopmentPlanoftheGovernmentofVietNamrecognizestheimportanceofregionalcooperationandintegrationinattainingVietNam’sdevelopmentgoals.Borderdistricts/provincesareamongthepoorestareasinthecountryand,assuch,theirdevelopmentissignificantlyinfluencedby

VietNam’sneighbors,i.eCambodia,thePRC,andLaoPDR.

LanguagePoints

1.

1.Para.[1]:

…TheGreaterMekongSub-region（GMS）isabrainchildoftheAsianDevelopmentBank（ADB）comprisingoffivecountriesandoneprovince.

①brainchild:

（informal）anideaorinventionwhichisconsideredasaparticularperson'screation（非正式）脑力劳动的产物（如主意或发明）

e.g.ThisnewprogramwasthebrainchildofBillGates.

这个新程序是比尔•盖茨编制的。

②comprise:

[withobj.]consistof;bemadeupof由…组成，由…构成

e.g.Thecountrycomprisestwentystates.

这个国家由20个州组成。

2.Para[2]:

...theGMShadundergoneaprocessofintegration...

aprocessof进程，过程

e.g.Theyhaveexperiencedsuchaprocessofpain.

3.Para.[4]:

…themightyMekongRiverwindsitswayfor4,200kilometersthroughtheirmidst.

windone'sway蜿蜒而行

e.g.Theroadwindsitsway.这条路曲折而行伸向远方。

4.Para.[5]:

Inparallelwiththis,thereisgrowingcommercialrelationsamongthesixMekongcountries….

Inparallelwith与…并行的,平行的

e.g.Inthiscase,theclientsideteamcanworkinparallelwiththeserversidedevelopmentteam.

在这种情况下，客户机端小组可以和服务器端开发小组并行工作。

5.Para.[10]:

ConferencegeneratedaclearcommitmentbytheGMScountries…inaconsistentandtimelymanner.

inamanner在一定程度上

e.gThestatement,inamanner,strengthenedhisposition.

这项声明在一定程度上加强了他的地位。

6.Para.[20]:

…ADBplaystheroleofacatalystandan“honestbroker”bybringingtogetherthedifferentparticipantsintheprogram…

bringtogether

①使相合〔连接〕

e.g.Bringthebrokenedgesoftheplatetogetherexactlywheretheywereandthengluethemcarefully.

把盘子的碎边拼凑起来,然后仔仔细细地粘住。

②使相识;使坐在一起;使会面

e.g.I'msogladtohavebeenthemeansofbringingyoutwoyoungpeopletogether.

我很高兴我起到了使你们两个年轻人相识的作用。

e.g.Theopposingforcesontheislandhavebeenbroughttogetherforpeacetalks.

岛上的敌对势力已经坐下来进行和平会谈。

WordStudy

1.degradationv.

（1）堕落;丢脸

Gamblingisalwayscoupledwithdegradation.

赌博总是与堕落相联系。

（2）.植被退化；

Vegetationdegradation.

2.inceptionn.（机构，活动）开业，开始

Shehasbeenontheboardsinceitsinceptiontwoyearsago.

自从两年前开业起她就是董事会的成员了。

3.unprecedentedadj.空前的

Theaircrashcausedanunprecedentednumberofdeaths.

这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。

4.intensificationn.激化

Intensificationofacontradiction矛盾的深化（激化）。

5.subsistencen.

（1）存活,生存,维生之道

Theirsubsistencecomesfromthesea.

他们依赖海洋生活。

Theirmainmodeofsubsistenceishunting.

他们主要以打猎为生。

（2）自给自足的；仅够自用的

Subsistenceagriculture.

自给自足的农业。

6.onsetn.（尤指不愉快事情的）开始

Theonsetofwinter.冬天的到来。

Thedrugmustbetakenfromtheonsetoftheinfection.

这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。

7.notablyadv.

（1）especially,inparticular尤其

Adietlowinanimalfatprotectsagainstpotentiallyfataldiseases,notablydiabetes.

低动物脂肪的饮食结构可防止潜在的致命疾病，尤其是糖尿病。

（2）inawaythatisstrikingorremarkable明显地，显著地

[assub-modifier]Suchastatementisnotablyabsentfromthegovernment'sproposals.

政府提议中显然没有这样的陈述。

8.percapitaadv&adj.每人，按人计算（地）的

[asadv.]Thestatehadfewerbankspercapitathanelsewhere.

按人头计算，该州拥有的银行数要比其他地方少。

[asadj.]Percapitaspending.每人的花费。

9.disparityn.agreatdifference悬殊；巨大差异

Economicdisparitiesbetweendifferentregionsofthecountry.

该国不同地区间的巨大经济差异。

[massnoun]Thearrangementscouldleadtodisparityoftreatmentbetweencompanies.

这些协议可能导致不同公司间不同的待遇。

10.livelihoodn.生计,谋生之道

Appropriatearrangementswillbemadefortheirworkandlivelihood.

他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。

11.extendv.offer提供；给予

Sheextendedaninvitationtohertostay.

她发出邀请，要她留下来。

12.mobilizev.

（1）organizeandencourage（people）toactorhaveeffectinaconcertedwayinordertobringaboutaparticularpoliticalobjective动员；鼓动

Heusedthepresstomobilizesupportforhisparty.

他利用新闻界鼓动对他的党的支持。

（2）bring（resources）intouseinordertoachieveaparticulargoal动用；利用

Atseawewillmobilizeanyamountofresourcestoundertakearescue.

在海上，我们会动用任何资源进行营救工作。

（3）make（something）movableorcapableofmovement使可移动

Thephysiotherapistmightmobilizethepatient'sshouldergirdle.

理疗师可帮助病人活动肩带。

（4）make（asubstance）abletobetransportedbyorasaliquid使流动

Acidrainmobilizesthealuminuminforestsoils.

酸雨使森林土壤中的铝流动起来。

13.thrustn.mainpart/ideas主要部份；核心思想

Sheexplainedthebroadthrustoftheparty’spolicies.

她解释了党的政策的一般要点。

14.infusev.fill;pervade

（1）注满；充满

Herworkisinfusedwithanangerb