概要写作练习Word文档下载推荐.docx

概要写作练习Word文档下载推荐.docx

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2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性；

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况；

Argumentation（议论文）FormsofLiterature

Exposition（说明文）

Narration（记叙文）

Argumentation（议论文）

TopicSupportingideas

Conclusion

概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

（Para1）Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

（Para2）Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.（Para3）Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;

clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

（Para4）Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家）,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.

Step1:

Read

①topicsentence:

Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt②structure③supportingideas

Findoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph

Youmayneedtopayattentiontosomewordslike:

think,believe,consider,regard,argue,support,beconvincedthat,inone’sopinion,fromone’spointofview

Para2:

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtEuropeaninafriendlyway.HenryExamplesofsomecountriesIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

（Para3）Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientifically?

speaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;

（Para4）Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家）,encourageschildrentoplayinthe

dirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter

positionisgainingsomeground.

Step2:

Make

anoutline

Topic:

Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt

Inthesuppor16thcentury-ting（Para2）Ideassince18thcentury（Para3）nowadays（Para4）

Peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease

…hasnolongerbeenregardedas…cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth…encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem

Step3:

Rewrite

thesentencesinotherways

①Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.different,mixed,various

反义转换

towardsopinions,views,ideas

同义词替换

句型转换

Theattitudestodirtisnotalwaysthesame.▲People’sattitudestodirtvaryindifferenttimes.▲Peopleholddifferentopinionstowardsdirtovertime.

▲

②Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.

Haveatry!

think:

believe,hold,consider,insist,argue,areconvinced….blockoutdisease:

prevent/protect/keepaway…fromillness;

Onepossibleversion:

②Inthe16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.

③….dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.washoff,getridofbenefits,isbeneficialto,doesgoodto,contributesto…

Onepossibleversion:

③Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.

④Nowadays,…encouragespeopletoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.

believe,support,agree,approve….Peopleareencouragedto…

语态转换

beexposedto..

④Onepossibleversion:

Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.

AddlinkingthewordstomakethepassagecoherentSteptwo4:

Makesummarycoherent①Peopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.②Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,③people③Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtmorethan200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.Nevertheless/But/however④nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposure④Nowadays,tosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.

Step5:

Revise

4“C”:

complete,correct,concise,coherent

Peopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.Butnowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.

（67words）

Step6:

Clearlycopyyourdrafttothepaper

Howtowriteasummary（argumentation）

1.Read

3.Rewrite4.

Makeit

-Topic,structure,keysupportingsentences

2.Makeanoutlinecoherent

5.Revise

6.neatlycopy

Homework

FinishthesummarywritingofthefollowingPassage

阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabit

sinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthat

ifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbe

energetic（充满活力的）thewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions（条件）.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyand

accuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.

Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashort

walkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesand

becomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtime

tomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyof

thedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,

wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.

Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitand

tryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearly

everyday,wewillcertainlybenefit（受益）alotfromit.

参考范文

?

Gettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabit

andveryimportant,becauseinthemorningwecanhaveabettermemory,healthierbodiesandbetterpreparationfortheday.Inaddition,morningexercisecanhelpuskeephealthy.So,itisbeneficialtous.

Itisimportanttogetupearlyforpeople.?

Inthemorning,peoplecanexercisetheirbodiesthroughwalkingtokeephealthy.Also,people’smemorywillimprove.Besides,peoplecanmakeagoodpreparation/planforthemselves,sotheywill

haveenoughtimetodoeverything.Inaword,

gettingupearlyisbeneficialtous.

Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Andweattachgreatimportancetogettingupearlybecausemorningisthemostvaluabletimeofaday,sowecanhave

physicaltrainingtokeephealthy.Besides,gettingup

earlycanletushaveenoughtimetoprogramandpreparetofinishdoingourworkorstudyoftheday.Inaword,wewillbenefitalotfromgettingupearly.

Peopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearly.Itenablesthemtohaveabettermemory,

healthierbodiesandbetterpreparationfortheday.Ifnot,peoplewillbebusydoingeverything.Soinsistongettingupearlywhichisofgreatbenefittoallpeople.